Holding

The admission granted to the petitioner is set aside as it contravenes the Supreme Court’s recall order and the revived MCI notification mandating NEET as the sole admission route.

Summary

The petitioner, Rishabh Choudhary, was admitted to the MBBS course of C.M. Medical College, Chhattisgarh, after clearing a college‑conducted exam (CGMAT‑2016) and subsequent counseling. The admission occurred after the Supreme Court, on 11 April 2016, recalled its 2013 judgment and revived the Medical Council of India (MCI) notification of 21 December 2010, which mandates that MBBS admissions be solely through the National Eligibility‑cum‑Entrance Test (NEET). The Court held that the college’s exam and counseling violated the revived MCI notification, the schedule prescribed by the MCI, and the Supreme Court’s order. Consequently, the admission was set aside and the writ petition dismissed, though the petitioner was allowed to pursue separate action against the college and the State of Chhattisgarh.

Issues considered

Whether admission to the MBBS course granted through a college‑conducted exam after 11 April 2016 is valid in view of the Supreme Court’s recall order and the revived MCI notification.
Whether the MCI notification dated 21 December 2010, requiring NEET as the sole mode of admission, was resurrected and binding after the Supreme Court’s 2016 order.
Whether the conduct of the college and the State of Chhattisgarh violated the Supreme Court’s directives and MCI regulations.
Whether the petitioner is entitled to relief under Article 32 of the Constitution.

Subjects

MBBS admissionNEETMedical Council of IndiaSupreme Court orderWrit petitionArticle 32Admission regulationsMaladministrationPrivate medical collegeManagement quota

Judgment

[2017] l S.C.R. 559

RISHABH CHOUDHARY A
v.
UNION OF INDIA & ORS.
(Writ Petition (Civil) No. 677 of 2016)
JANUARY 23, 2017 B

[MADAN B. LOKUR AND PRAFULLA C. PANT, JJ.]
Education - Admissions - MBBS Course - Writ petitioner
granted admission in MBBS by the respondent-Medical College,
through an examination called CGMAT-2016, in contravention of
Supreme Court's order dated 11'1' April 2016 directing that admission
c
to MBBS course would only be through National Eligibility-cum-
Entrance Test (NEET) - Validity of - Held: Notification dated 21"
Dec. 2010 issued by the Medical Council of India (MCI) was
resurrected by Supreme Court's order dated 11'" April 2016,
recalling its judgment dated 18'" July 2013 in Christian Medical D
College, Vellore's case, implying that admission to MBBS course would
only be through NEET-I and NEET-II and by no other process of
admission - Thus, there was absolutely no occasion for the College
to have conducted the counseling of the petitioner on 19'" April
2016 i.e. after recall order dated 11'1' April 2016 - Further, the
E
examination conducted by the college on 3"1 April, 2016 was also
in defiance of the schedule prescribed by the MCI (and approved
by Supreme Court) for holding MBBS entrance examinations -
Therefore, admission granted to petitioner set aside·- Petitioner, a
victim of maladministration of the College and the State of
Chhattisgarh and his plight is unfortunate but it cannot be helped - F
Constitution of India - Art.32.
Dismissing the writ petitions, the Court
HELD: 1.1. By an order dated lllh April 2016 in Medical
Council of India .v. Christian Medical College, Ve/lore & Ors. a
bench of five learned judges of this Court recalled the decision G
rendered in *Christian Medical College, Ve/lore & Ors. v. Medical
Council of India which quashed notification dated 21" Dec. 2010
which made admissions to MBBS course possible only through
National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET). [Paras 2, 3] [562-
B-D] H
559
560 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (20 I 7] I S.C.R.

A Christian Medical Cal/ege, Ve/lore & Ors. v. Union of
India & Ors. (2014) 2 SCC 305 : [2013] 7 SCR 908 -
referred to.
Medical Council of India v. Christian Medical College,
Ve/lore & Ors. (2016) 4 SCC 342 - relied on.
B 1.2 Thus, in view of this order and various other orders
passed by this Court from time to time, it was clear that the
notification dated 21" December, 2010 stood resurrected and that
admissions to the MBBS course could only be through NEET-1
and NEET-11. No other process of admission was permissible.
c [Pi,irft 111 1_564-B]
Sanka/p Charitable Trust & Anr. v. Union of India &
Ors. (2016) 7 SCC 487 - relied on.
1.3 The examination CGMAT-2016 conducted by the
College on 3'" April, 2016 was also contrary to the schedule
D prescribed by Medical Council of India (MCI) (and approved by
this Court) for holding the MBBS entrance examinations. [Para
13 J [564-D-EJ
Ashish RanJan v. Union of India 2016 ( 4) SCALE 370
- relied on.
E
1.4 Furthermore, the petitioner's counseling was carried
out on 19'" April, 2016 which was after the decision of this Court
on 11" April, 2016 recalling the decision dated 18" July, 2013.
There was absolutely no occasion for the College to have
conducted the counseling after the recall order passed by this
F Court on 11" April, 2016. The effect of the recall order was that
the notification issued by the Medical Council of India on 21"
December, 2010 effectively stood revived in the sense that NEET
was the only option available for admission to the MBBS course.
The College and the State of Chhattisgarh ought to have been
aware of these facts, but seem to have turned a blind eye not only
G
to the 'ordei's of this Court b11t to the notifications issued by the·
Medical Council of India. [Para 14] [564-G-H; 565-A-B]
2. The College and the State of Chhattisgarh have not
adhered to the law with the result that the petitioner became a
victim of circumstances giving him a cause of action to proceed
H
RISHABH CHOUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 561

against the College and the State of Chhattisgarh being a victim A
of their maladministration. The plight of the petitioner is
unfortunate but it cannot be helped. However, the petitioner is
at liberty to proceed against the College and the State of
Chhattisgarh in any appropriate manner. [Paras 15, 17] [565-C-
D, F]
B
Case Law Reference
[2Q13] 7 SCR 908 referred to Para2
(2016) 4 sec 342 relied on Para3
2016 (4) SCALE 370 relied on Para 7 c
(2016) 1 sec 487 relied on Paras 8, 9
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (Civil) No.
677 of 2016.
Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India.
D
WITH
W. P. (C) No. 862 of 2016.
Kapil Sibal, Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Subramanian Prasad,
Sr. Advs., S. Udaya Kumar Sagar, Ms. Bina Madhavan, Krishna Kumar
Singh, Mrityunjai Singh, Vaibhav Srivastava, Harsh Parashar, Advs. for E
the Petitioner.
Vikas Singh, Sr. Adv., Gaurav Sharma, Prateek Bhatia, Dhaval
Mohan, Ms. Amandeep Kaur, Ms. Vara Gaur, Ms. Deepeika Kalia, Ajay
Sharma, Saudamini Sharma, Ms. Rekha Pandey, R. K. Rathore,
G.S. Makker, Ajay Marwah, Aniruddha P. Mayee, A. Se Iv in Raja, Advs. F
for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
MADAN B. LOKUR, J. W. P. (C) No. 677 OF 2016 I. The
question for consideration in this writ petition filed under Article 32 of
the Constitution concerns the validity of admission granted to the petitioner G
by respondent No.3 (C.M. Medical College & Hospital - for short the
College) to the MBBS course. In our opinion, the admission granted by
the College to the petitioner was unjustified and therefore his admission
is set aside.
2. On 21" December, 20 I 0 a gazette notification was is'sued by H
562 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017] I S.C.R.

A the Medical Council of India amending the "Regulations on Graduate
Medical Education, 1997" to the effect, inter alia, that admissions to
the MBBS course shall be based solely on marks obtained in the National
Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (for short NEET). This notification was
challenged by, amongst others, Christian Medical College Vellore in a
batch of petitions before this Court which came to be allowed. The
B
decision of this Court is dated 18" July, 2013 and is reported as Christian
Medical College, Ve/lore & Ors. v. Union ofIndia & Ors.' The gazette
notification dated 21" December, 20 I 0 was quashed. As a result,
admission of a student to the MBBS course through NEET was no
longer mandatory.
c 3. Subsequently, petitions were filed for a review of the decision
rendered by this Court and these review petitions ultimately came to be
referred to a Bench of five learned judges of this Court. By an order
dated I J'h April, 2016 in Medical Council ofIndia v. Christian Medical
College, Ve/lore & Ors.' the review petitions were allowed and the
D decision rendered by this Court on 18'h July, 2013 was recalled and it
was directed that all the matters be considered afresh.
4. Prior to this, the College wrote to the State ofChhattisgarh on
or about 291hOctober, 2015 seeking permission to conduct examinations
for the management quota and NR! seats for the MBBS course for the
E academic year 2016-17. The State ofChhattisgarh granted permission
to the College to conduct examinations by its letter dated 5" November,
2015.
5. Consequent upon the permission granted by the State of
Chhattisgarh to conduct examinations, the College issued an
F advertisement inviting applications on 28'h January, 2016 and eventually
conducted the examination on 3"' April, 2016. The examination called
CGMAT-2016 was monitored by the State of Chhattisgarh and according
to the College as well as the State there were no irregularities in the
conduct of the examination.

G 6. The result of the examination was declared on 11"April,2016
and the petitioner qualified in the examination. On I 9'h April, 2016 that
is after this Court had decided to review its decision and had recalled the
judgment dated 18'" July, 2013, counseling was conducted for the
petitioner and he was granted admission for the MBBS course by the
1
(2014)2 sec 305
H '\2016) 4 sec 342
RISHABH CHOUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 563
[MADAN B. LOKUR, J.]

College after all formalities were completed. A
7. Atthis stage, it may be mentioned thatthe Medical Council of
India published a notification in 2015 amending the "Regulations on
Graduate Medical Education, 1997" whereby a time schedule for
completion of the admission process for First MBBS Course was
prescribed. This notification is reproduced and the Schedule given therein B
wa~ approved in Ashish Ranj11n v. Union of India' decided on 18"'
January, 2016. As per the prescribed schedule, the conduct of entrance
examination was to take place between I" and 7'h May and the result of
the qualifying examination/entrance examination was to be declared by
I'' June. In other words, the examination conducted by the College on
3'd April, 2016 being CGMAT-2016 was in defiance of the notification
c
issued by the Medical Council of India, and the schedule approved by
this Court. Similarly, admission granted to the petitioner on 19"' April,
2016 was notwithstanding the orders of this Court passed on l J 'h April,
2016 read with the notification dated 21" December, 2010 and the
schedule prescribed by the Medical Council oflndia. D
8. There are a few other orders passed by this Court which are
of some significance. On 28'h April, 2016 it was directed by this Court in
Sankalp Charitable Trust & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors." that
NEET Phase I would be held in terms of the notification dated 21"
December, 2010 issued by the Medical Council oflndia. TheAll lndia E
Pre-Medical Test would be held on 1" May, 2016. Thereafter, Phase II
ofNEET for the left out candidates would be held on 24'h July, 2016. It
was made clear that since the judgment and order dated 18th July, 2013
had been recalled, the notification dated 21" December, 20 I 0 was in
operation.
F
9. By an order dated 6"' May, 2016 in Sankalp Charitable Trust
it was made clear that no examination shall be permitted to be held for
admission for MBBS studies by any private college or association or
any private/deemed University.
10. Subsequently on 9'h May, 2016 this Court declined to modify G
the order dated 28'h April, 2016. An order was also passed making it
clear that all such candidates who could not appear in NEET-1 and those
who had appeared but had an apprehension that they had not prepared
well, would be permitted to appear in NEET-11 subject to an option from
'r2016) 11sec22s
• (2016) 1sec487 H
564 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017] I S.C.R.

A these candidates to give up their candidature for NEET-1. It was further
clarified that only NEETwould enable students to get admission to MBBS
studies.
I 1. In view of all these orders passed by this Court from time to
time, it is more than abundantly clear that the notification dated 21"
:..'
B December, 20 I 0 stood resurrected and that admissions to the MBBS
course could only through NEET-1 and NEET-11. No other process of
admission was permissible. Given this background, the Director of
Medical Education in Chhattisgarh wrote to the College on or about l 3'h
July, 2016 to take steps to cancel all the admissions made by the College
in terms of the examination CGMAT-2016 held for students for the
c management quota and NRI quota. Eventually by a letter dated 28'h
July, 2016 the Director of Medical Education in Chhattisgarh
recommended to the College to cancel admissions made to the MBBS
course. This prompted the petitioner to file a writ petition in this Court.
12. It is submitted and prayed by the petitioner that since he had
D already been granted admission by the College after the examination
CGMAT-2016 was conducted by the College and supervised and
monitored by the State of Chhattisgarh and in which there were no
allegations of impropriety, his admission should not be disturbed. It is
submitted that the petitioner was certainly not at fault and there is no
E reason why he should be the victim of an apparent wrong committed by
the College as also by the State of Chhattisgarh .
. 13. We have considered the su.bmissions made by learned counsel
appearing on behalfofthe petitioner and the College supporting him but
are not inclined to accept them. It is quite clear that the examination
F CGMAT-2016 was conducted by the College on 3'' April, 2016 contrary
to the schedule prescribed by the Medical Council of India (and approved
by this Court) for holding the MBBS entrance examinations. The question
is not of any impropriety in the conduct ofthe examination but the question
is really one of adhering to a particular discipline laid down by the Medical
Council oflndia and approved by th is Court.
G
14.Furthermore we find that counseling was carried out insofar
as the petitioner is concerned on 19'h April, 2016 which is after the
decision of this Court on J J•h April, 2016 recalling the decision dated 18"'
July, 2013. There was absolutely no occasion for the College to have
conducted the counseling after the recall order passed by this Court on
H
..

R!SHABH CHOUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 565
[MADAN B. LOKUR, J.]

11 "'Apri I, 2016. The effect of the recall order, as mentioned above, was A
that the notification issued by the Medical Council of India on 21"
. December, 2010 effectively stood revived in the sense that N EET was
the only option available for admission to the MBBS course. The College
and the State of Chhattisgarh ought to have been aware of these facts,
but seem to have turned a blind eye not only to the orders of this Court
B
but to the notifications issued by the Medical Council oflndia.
15. The question before this Court is not who is to be blamed for
the present state of affairs - whether it is the students or the College or
the State of Chhattisgarh. The question is really whether the rule of law
should prevail ornot. In our opinion, the answer is unambiguously in the
affirmative. The College and the State ofChhattisgarh have not adhered c
to the law with the result that the petitioner became a victim of
circumstances giving him a cause of action to proceed against the College
and the State ofChhattisgarh being a victim of their maladministration.
The plight of the petitioner is unfortunate but it cannot be helped.
16. We were told during the course of submissions that some D
similarly placed students participated in NEET and qualified in the
examination. Those students like the petitioner who did not participate in
NEET and placed their trust only in the College and the State of
Chhattisgarh took a gamble and that gamble has unfortunately not
succeeded. While our sympathies may be with the petitioner and similarly E
placed students, we cannot go contrary to the orders passed by this
Court from time to time only for their benefit.
17. Under the circumstances, we find no ground has been made
out for granting relief to the petitioner. There is no merit in this writ
petition and it is accordingly dismissed. However, we make it clear that F
the petitioner is at liberty to proceed against the College and the State of
Chhattisgarh in any appropriate manner.
W.P. (C} No. 862 OF 2016
18. We find no reason to entertain this petition under Article 32 of ·
the Constitution and it is accordingly dism;ssed. G
19. In view of the order passed in the writ petition the application
for impleadment stands disposed of.

Divya Pandey Writ Petitions dismissed.
H