RAVIversusSTATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE

A                                RAVI
                                  v.
                  STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE

                               AUGUST 12, 2004

B       [K.G. BALAKRISHNAN AND DR. AR. LAKSHMANAN, JJ.]

         Penal Code, 1860; Sections 148, 302, 324, 364 and 448:

        Unlawful assembly-Assault and murder-Evidence of eye witnesses
  related to deceased-Reliance upon-Trial Court found accused A-1 guilty
C ofoffences under Sections 148, 302, 364 and 448 and A-2 under Sections
  148, 324 and 448 and sentenced them accordingly-However, other four
  accused were acquitted as not identified-Affirmed by High Court-On
  appeal, Held: Weapons used in committing the crime were recovered at
  the instance ofeye witnesses-Absence ofmotive on the part ofprosecution
D witness/mother of the deceased to wrongly identify the accused-Prosecu-
  tion witnesses correctly identified the accused in the identification parade-
  Evidence of eye witnesses cannot be rejected merely because they were
  related to deceased·-Evidende of eye witnesses reliable and sufficient to
  implicate the accused-Hence, guilt of the accused clearly extablished.

E        Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973:

         Raising of issue of jurisdiction before the Supreme Court-Held :
    Accused cannot be allowed to raise it before Supreme Court for the first
    time since it was never raised by the accused before the Trial Court or
F   before the High Court.

        Accused-Appellant and 5 others armed with deadly weapons
  formed themselves into an unlawful assembly. In furtherance of their
  common object to cause death of the deceased due to previous enmity,
  they trespassed into the house of brother of the deceased. Accused A-
G 1 and others had inflicted bleeding injuries on the deceased. PWl,
  brother of the deceased and another brother, took the deceased to a
  Hospital in injured condition where the deceased succumbed to his
  injuries. A complaint was lodged by them. Police investigated the
  matter and submitted charge-sheet against A-1, A-2 and four others
H alleging commission of offences by them punishable under Sectior.s
                                        484
         RA VI v. STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE               - 485

148, 149, 302 r/w 149, 324 and 448 r/w 149 IPC. Trial Court found A- A
1 guilty of offences punishable under Sections 148, 302, 364 and 448
and A-2 of committing offences punishable under Sections 148, 324
and 448 and sentenced them accordingly. However, it acquitted other
accused persons as they were not identified by the eye-witnesses. High
Court affirmed the judgment of trial court holding that the evi~ence B
of PW-2, mother of the accused, established beyond doubt involvement
of accused A-1 and A-2 in attacking and killing her son. Hence, the
present appeals preferred by A-I.

      Accused-appellant contended that the reasons advanced by the
prosecution witnesses were not sufficient to explain the enormous delay C
in tiling the FIR; that the complaint was lodged by the complainant
PWI, brother of the deceased, at a police station which is outside the
jurisdiction of the alleged place of occurrence of the crime; and that
non-examination of the material witnesses more so of the eye witnesses
is fatal to the prosecution.                                            D
     Dismissing the appeals, the Court

      HELD : I. Prosecution's case is based on the statements of
eyewitnesses, namely, PW2, PW3 and PW6, which clearly implicate the
accused and that A-I and A-3 had grudged against the deceased E
consequent to the death of their sister, wife of the deceased. A-I and
A-2 also gave confession statements independently and on the basis of
the statements of A-1, the knife M02 and the shirt M03 were
recovered under mahazar Ext. P6 and on the basis of the statement
of A-2 the wooden reaper MOI was recovered under Ext. PS. MO 1
to 3 contained blood stains and the blood on the shirt was identified F
as human blood. It is settled law that the evidence of eyewitnesses
cannot be rejected merely because they are related. The evidence of
PW2 in the present case is reliable as there is no strong motive or ill-
will on the part of PW2 to exQqerate the real person who- ca11sed the
injuries on her son and to implicate the accused. (490-E-F-G-H]          G
     2. The facts of the instant case clearly go to show that there is no
delay in lodging the complaint. 1491-E)

    3. PW8, Judicial First Class Magistrate, conducted identification
parade in the Central Jail premises. Three chances were given to the H
    486               SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A witnesses PW2 and another to identify accused A-2 and they had
    correctly identified him in all the three chances. (491-F-G)

          4. The point of jurisdiction was neither urged before the Sessions
    Court nor before the High Court and was raised by the appellant for
    the first time before this Court. Hence, this Court declines to entertain
B   this plea at this belated stage. (491-H; 492-A)

          5.1. Evidence of PW2, mother of the deceased, is cogent and
    convincing. In her evidence she stated that the deceased, her son, has
    been living with a woman in a house nearby their house. About a week
C   prior to the death of the deceased, the woman committed self immola-
    tion by pouring kerosene on herself and died after four or five days. A-
    I, brother of the said woman and their mother, and other brothers
    thought that the deceased was responsible for her death. Accused Al
    and six others had assaulted the deceased, who succumbed to his injuries
D   in the hospital. PW2 also identified accused A2 before the Magistrate as
    the one who beat her son apart from A-1. (492-B-C-D-E-F)

         5.2. PW7-Medical Officer who conducted the post mortem exami-
    nation on the dead body, opined that all the injuries in Ex. P7 were
    ante-mortem in nature. Injuries 1 and 2 with the corresponding
E   internal injuries are fatal in nature and sufficient to cause death in the
    ordinary course of nature. (492-G, 493-D)

       6. The prosecution has established its case that A-1 has caused the
  death of the deceased and the evidence of PW2, PW3 and PW6 clearly
  implicate the accused. PW2, mother of the deceased, knows A-1. She
F has in categorical terms stated that on the date of the incident A-1 came
  along with 6 persons and entered her house and attacked the deceased.
  She clearly identified A-1 as the person who was having the knife and
  assaulted the deceased. She has also identified A-1 at the identification
  parade. Hence, the prosecution has clearly established the guilt of the
G accused-appellant beyond any reasonable doubt. (493-E-F-G)
         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal Nos.
    1150-1151 of 2003.

          Form the Judgment and Order dated 14.2.2003 of the Madras High
H Court in Cr!. A. Nos. 315 and 539 of 1999.
     RAVI v. STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE [LAKSHMANAN, J.]   487

    Ms. Prashanthi Prasad, Ms. Deepti and Dileep Poolakkut for the A
Appellant.

     V.G. Pragasam for the Respondent.

     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                                        B
     DR. AR. LAKSHMANAN, J.: The above appeals were filed against
the judgment dated 14/02/2003 passed by the High Court of Judicature at
Madras in Criminal Appeal Nos. 315 and 539 of 1999 filed by A-I Ravi
and A-2 Pakkaraji. The appellant herein was the appellant in Criminal
Appeal No. 315 before the High Court and was A- I before the Court of C
Additional Sessions Judge, Pondicherry. The learned Sessions Judge
acquitted A-2 of the offence under Section 302 l.P.C. The State also has
not filed any appeal against the said acquittal of A-2 of the offence of
murder.

     The following charges were made against the accused:               D
      The Inspector of. Police, Villianur Circle, Pondicherry has laid a
charge sheet against the accused alleging that on 6.3 .1996 at about 1230
hrs. the accused A-I (Ravi), A-2 (Raja @ Pukkaraji) and four others
alleging that they formed themselves into an unlawful assembly, armed
with deadly weapons with a common object of such assembly, viz., to E
cause the death of one Shanmugam due to previous enmity and in
furtherance of common object of such assembly, trespassed into the house
of Adhikesavan, the brother of the deceased Shanmugam and caused
bleeding injuries to Shanmugam by assaulting him with deadly weapons,
all the accused chased him and forcibly took him in an auto-rickshaw to F
maidan near Pavanar Nagar, Reddiarpalayam, Pondicherry beat him with
deadly weapons left him with bleeding injuries and the deceased Shanmugam
subsequently died in the General Hospital, Pondicherry and thus the
accused had committed the offence of murder of Shanmugam and thus
committed offences punishable under Sections 148, 149, 448/149, 364/149 G
& 302/149.

     On behalf of the prosecution, PW-I to PW-I I were examined and
Exs. Pl to 22 and MOs. L to 3 were marked.

     The case of the prosecution, in brief, is as follows:-
                                                                        H
    488                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A       The brother of the deceased Shanmugam, along with other brothers
  Krishnamurthy, deceased Shanmugam Siva and sister Gangabhavani were
  staying in Pudhusaram and Krishnamurthy after marriage went to his
  father-in-law's house. About 8 years prior to the incident, the deceased
  Shanmugam developed intimacy with one Sarasu and was living separately
B with her. About six months prior to the incident he came and started living
  five or six houses away from his house. About two or three days prior
  to the death of Shanmugam i.e. on 4.3.1996 Shanmugam's wife Sarasu
  committed suicide by self-immolation by pouring kerosene and setting fire
  to herself and died. Shanmugam came and told PW! that the brothers of
  Sarasu thought that he was responsible for suicide and they were threatening
C him and he also told that while he tried to save Sarasu, he sustained burn
  injuries on his hand and wanted to take treatment and so he wanted to stay
  in their house and his father also consented for the same and started staying
  with them and on 6.3.1996 Al-Ravi s/o Munuswamy came along with five
  persons armed with knife and sticks and entered the house and asked
D whether Shanmugam was there and they got into the room where
  Shanmugam was lying and beat him there and Shanmugam ran out and
  the crowd chased him and she asked P.W.1 to find out what had happened
  to Shanmugam. PW! along with his brother Krishn~moorthy went in
  search of him and he saw Shanmugam with bleeding injuries lying down
E on a maidan behind the house of Al Ravi slightly breathing and without
  speech. They took Shanmugam in an autorickshaw to General Hospital,
   Pondicherry. He returned home at 4.30 p.m. and informed his mother
  about the same. He then lodged a complaint before police. Ex.P. I is the
   complaint given by him. Shanmugam died on 7.3.96 due to the injuries
   sustained by him on 6.3.96.
F
         The Sessions Judge, Pondicherry, on consideration of the evidence
  on record, came to the conclusion that the evidences of PWs 2, 3 and 6
  showed that A- I and A-2 were accompanied by five other persons and that
  A-I and A-2 assaulted the deceased Shanmugam and that A-3 to A-7 were
G not identified by any witnesses. The Sessions Judge further held that the
  first accused committed the offence under Sections 148, 364, 448 and 302
  and for the main offence, he was sentenced to undergo imprisonment for
  life. For other offences, sentence of imprisonment ranging from I to 7
  years were imposed. The second accused was found guilty of offence
  punishable under Sections 148, 448 and 324.
H
      RA VI v. STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE [LAKSHMANAN, J.]    . 489

      Aggrieved by the same, appeals were filed before the High Court by A
A- I and A-2. The High Court, on consideration of the evidence on record
came to the conclusion that the conviction of the accused for the offences
is supported by legal materials and there is no illegality in the judgment
under challenge. The High Court was also of the opinion that the delay
in lodging the complaint has been reasonably and satisfactorily explained B
and that there was no suspicious circumstances at all in the oral evidence
of PW-I. The High Court has also held that the evidence of PW-2, who
is an eye witness to the occurrence is convincing and that the infirmities
which are referred to in Ex.P-1 or Ex.P-18 would not affect the oral
evidence of PW-2 regarding the occurrence. The High Court felt that the
omissions pointed out in Ex.P-1 and in Ex.P-18 were too trivial in the fact, C
and the evidence of PW-2 established beyond doubt the involvement of
A-I and A-2 in attacking the deceased.

     Dissatisfied with the above judgment, the appellant, A-1, preferred
these appeals by way of special leave petitions before this Court.
                                                                             D
     We heard Ms. Prashanthi Prasad, learned counsel appearing for the
appellant and Mr. V.G. Pragasam, learned counsel appearing for the State.
We have been taken through the evidence on record and the judgment
rendered by the Sessions Court and also of the High Court.

    Learned counsel appearing for the appellant raised the following E
submissions:

         (I)   The reasons advanced by the prosecution witnesses were not
               sufficient to explain the enormous delay in filing the FIR and
               that the High Court has erred in coming to the conclusion F
               that the delay has been explained properly.

         (2)    The complaint lodged by the complainant PW-I at the
               Reddiarpalayam is well outside the jurisdiction of the al-
               leged place of occurrence and that the High Court has failed
               to appreciate that there seems to be no reason or explanation G
               as to why PW-I has not given the complaint at the D Nagar
               Police Station which is the nearest one and the one to which
               the jurisdiction pertains to.

         (3)   The prosecution has failed to establish beyond reasonable
               doubt the guilt of the accused, appellant herein.         H
        490                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

    A            (4)   The non-examination of the material witnesses more so of
                       the eye-witnesses is fatal to the prosecution and hence the
                       impugned judgment of the High Court ought to be set aside.

           Per contra, learned counsel appearing for the State submitted that the
      High Court, on a careful consideration of the evidence on record and under
    B the circumstances, has rightly found A- I guilty for the offence under
      Section 302 IPC and is not wrong in relying on the evidence tendered by
      the witnesses who were relatives.

              In the background facts of this case, the point for determination is
    C whether the prosecution has proved its charge against the appellant A- I
        who was convicted and sentenced to undergo the various sentences
        imposed on him by various sections of the code.

             We have gone through the evidence on record and the judgments
1       rendered by the Sessions Court and also of the High Court.
    D
             The contention of the learned counsel for the appellant, in our
        opinion, has no force since the prosecution sought to prove its case based
        on the eye witnesses to the incident PW2, PW3 and PW6 which clearly
        implicate the accused and that A 1 and A3 had grudged against the deceased
    E   consequent to the death of their sister Sarasu. Al and A2 also gave
        confession statements independently and on the basis of the statements of
        Al, the knife M02 and the shirt M02 were recovered under the mahazar
        Ext P6 and on the basis of the statement of A2 the wooden reaper MO I
        was recovered under Ext. PS. MO! to 3 contained blood stains and the
        blood on the shirt was identified as human blood.
    F
            Learned counsel for the appellant contended that the evidences of
      PW! and PW2 should not be relied upon since they are related and are
      interested witnesses and there was no confession and the recovery alleged
      to have been effected by the prosecution. We are unable to appreciate this
    G contention.
               It is settled by catena of cases by this Court that the evidence of eye
        witnesses cannot be rejected merely because they are related. In such a
        situation, the evidence of PW2 in the present case, there is no strong motive
        or ill-will on the part of PW2 to exonerate the real person who caused the
    H   injuries to her son and to implicate the accused.
      RAVI v. STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE [LAKSHMANAN, J.]     491

      Learned counsel for the appellant contended that there is inordinate A
delay in lodging the complaint. This contention, in our opinion, has no
leg to stand.

      On the fateful day, all the six accused were appeared armed with knife
and stick and by entering the room where Shanmugam was sleeping. Al B
attacked him with a knife followed by another person with a dark
complexion hitting him with a stick. Out of fear, Shanmugam started
running out of the house for safety chased by all the accused, which was
watched by P.W.2 and others at home. P.W. 2 tried to reach them but she
could not and she came to know that her son was taken in an autorickshaw
by the assailants. At l.30 p.m., on that day her other son, namely, P.W.l C
came home, to whom she informed as to what happened and requested him
to find out as to what happened to Shanmugam, since deceased. He came
home around 4.30 p.m. and informed her that Shanmugam his brother that
he is lying in an open ground near Bhoomiyanpet and that he had admitted
him in the hospital. She had identified the person having dark complexion, D
in the test identification parade held, as A2 P.W.l is admittedly not an eye-
witness to the occurrence but had stated as to what his mother told him
about the occurrence on reaching the house at 1.30 p.m. On hearing about
the same from his mother, he went in search of his brother and he found
his brother lying in an open ground struggling for life. Accordingly, after
admitting him in the hospital, he came home at 4.30 p.m. informed his E
mother/P.W.2 and then went to the police station to fodge the complaint,
 Ex.P. l. The above facts would clearly go to show that there is no delay
in lodging the complaint.

      PW& Thiru P. Nallatnambi Judicial First Class Magistrate has stated F
that on 25.3.96 he received a requisition to conduct identification parade
as per Ex.PlO. Consequently, he conducted identification parade on
28.3.96 at 3.00 p.m. in the Central Jail premises. Three chances were given
to the witnesses P.W.2 and Gangabhavani to identify A2 Raji@ Pukkaraj
who correctly identified him in all the three chances. Ex.Pl l is the record
of the test identification parade containing 3 sheets.                       G
      The contention of the learned counsel for the appellant that the
complaint has not been registered within the Police Station which has a
jurisdiction. This contention also has no force. This point of jurisdiction
was not urged before the Sessions Court and also before the High Court. H
    492                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A This was raised by the learned counsel for the appellant at the time of
    addressing the arguments before us. Hence, we decline to entertain this
    plea at this belated stage.

        We have carefully gone through the annexures, the evidence of P. W.2
  who is an eye-witness. Her evidence is cogent and convincing. In her
B evidence she stated that the deceased Shanmugam has be~n living with one
  Sarasu for about 8 years prior to his death and six months prior to his death,
  they came and were living in a house nearby their house. About a week
  prior to that he was staying in their own house. About a week prior to
  the death of Shanmugam, Sarasu committed self-immolation by pouring
C kerosene on herself and died after four or five days. A I -Ravi, the brother
  of Sarasu and her mother, and brothers thought that Shanmugam was
  responsible for the death of Sarasu and beat him. Deceased Shanmugam
  told them that he fears danger to his life and wanted to stay in their house
  for safety purpose. They also consented for that. On 6.3.96 at 12.30 p.m.
D Shanmugam was lying in the room of her house while PW-2, her husband
  Adimoolam and daughter Gangabhavani were having food and at that time,
  Al-Ravi along with six persons armed with knife and sticks entered into
  their house and went inside the room where Shanmugam was lying and
  attacked him. Al Ravi assaulted Shanmugam with knife and a person with
  black complexion beat Shanmugam with a stick. Unable to bear the
E beatings Shanmugam climbed down the staircase and started running and
  the seven persons chased him. When she came out she found that all the
  seven persons forcibly took Shanmugam in an autorickshaw. She told this
  fact to P.W.l at l.30 p.m. when he came to her house. P.W.1 and her other
  son Krishnamurthy went in search of Shanmugam and at 4.30 p.m. P.W.l
F came to her and informed her that Shanmugam had sustained injuries and
  was lying near Boomiyanpet and that they admitted him in hospital.
  Subsequently, her son Shanmugam died. She has stated that she identified
  the second accused before Magistrate in the jail as the person with black
  complexion who beat her son apart from Al.

G        PW7 Dr. R. Balaraman who conducted the post mortem examination
    on the dead body and on external examination found seven injuries and
    on internal examination, there was sub-dural haemorrage over left cerebral
    hemisphere. Brain was odomatous. Extensive contusion was seen over
    the left side of neck at the level of hyoid bone. Viscera was sent for
H   chemical analysis and it was free from poison. He gave his final opinion
      RA VI v. STATE REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE fLAKSHMANAN, J.]      493

on 30.12.1996 that the deceased Shanmugam died of injuries on head and A
neck. Ex. P7 is the post mortem examination report and Ex. P8 is the
chemical examiner's report. Ex. P9 is the final opinion. All the injuries
in Ex. P7 were ante-mortem in nature. Injuries 1 and 2 with the correspond-
ing internal injuries are fatal in nature, sufficient to cause death in the
ordinary course of nature. He has opined that injuries 1, 3 to 6 are possible B
with No. 1 while injury No. 2 is possible with No. 2 Injury
No. 7 can be a burn injury .or may be due to some other reason.

      PWlO, Vijayasundaram, the Inspector of Police has stated that he
recovered the weapon under a cover of the mahazar Ex.PS and then
proceeded to the house of Al who identified and produced the Koduval C
Kathi (Knife) M.0.2 and a full hand shirt M.0.3 which were recovered
under cover of mahazar Ex.P6. M.O. I to 3 contained blood stains.
P.W.11, the Inspector of Police who took further investigation from PWJ 0
obtained the opinion from P.W.7 Dr. Balaraman and examined him and
also obtained a copy of the F.l.R. of D. Nagar Police Station pertaining D
to the death of Sarasu, wife of deceased Shanmugam who had succumbed
to burn injuries, despite treatment given to her in the Government Hospital,
Pondicherry. He further stated that he completed the investigation and laid
the charge-sheet against all the accused under various sections.

        For the foregoing reasons, we are of the opinion that the prosecution E
  has established its case that A-1 has caused the death of the deceased and
  the evidences of P.W.2, P.W.3 and P.W. 6 which are important which
  clearly implicate the accused which caused the injury to the deceased. It
  is an admitted fact that the accused A-I had been living with the deceased
  as his wife PW2 the mother of the deceased Shanmugam knows A-I Ravi. F
. She has in categorical terms stated that on the date of the incident A-I came
  along with 6 persons and entered her house and attacked Shanmugam who
  was lying inside a room. She clearly identified A- I as the person who was
  having the knife and assaulted the deceased. She does not know A2. She
  has also identified the accused at the identification parade.
                                                                             G
     For the reasons aforesaid, we hold that the prosecution has clearly
established the guilt of the accused-appellant beyond any reasonable doubt
and that the appeals filed by A-1, therefore, fail and are dismissed.

S.K.S.                                                  Appeals dismissed.