RAMESH AND ORS.versusSTATE OF TAMIL NADU

                          RAMESH AND ORS.                                    A
                                  v.
                        STATE OF TAMIL NADU

                             MARCH 3. 2005

         [P. VENKATARAMA REDD! AND A.K. MATHUR, JJ.]                         B


      Penal Code, 1860/Dowry Prohibition Act:

      ss. 498-A and 406/ss. 3 and 4-Wife alleging commission of offences
 under these sections against her husband and his relatives-Allegation against C
 husband's sister that she was insulting and making derogatory remarks and
 behaving rudely against her-Held, neither the FIR nor the charge-sheet
jim1ished legal basis to the Magistrate to take cognizance of the offences
alleged against husband's sister-She could not be relegated to ordeal of
trial-Proceedings against her quashed-Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: D
s.482-Constitution of India-Article 136.

      Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 :

       ss. 482, 406, 407, 468 and 473-Quashing of procedings on ground of
 delay-Ascertaining territorial jurisdiction to take cognizance of an offence- E
 Transfer ofproceedings pending in different courts-Complaint by wife before
Judicial Magistrate, Trichy, against her husband and his relatives alleging
commission of offences by them u!ss. 498-A and 406 /PC and ss. 3 and 4 of
Dowry Prohibition Act-Accused filing writ petition before Mumbai High
Court for quashing the proceedings or in the alternative to transfer the FIR
to Mumbai-later, petition u!s 482 filed before Madras High Court to quash F
the proceedings as barred by limitation as also for lack of territorial
jurisdiction-Held, prosecution cannot be nullified at the very threshold on
the ground that prescribed period oflimitation had expired-On facts, complaint
 was registered much before expiry ofperiod oflimitation-However, the process
 of investigation and filing of charge-sheet took its own time-Consequently, G
 process oftaking cognizance delayed-Further, at the instance ofthe accused,
 High Court had also granted interim stay-It is in this background that the
 delay has to be viewed-It is a fit case where benefit of s.473 should be
 extended to the informant-lady-As regards territorialjurisdiction of Judicial
 Magistrate, Trichy, on looking the complaint at its face value, the ~ffences
                                      493                                      H
    494                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A alleged cannot be said to have been committed whol~v or partly within the
    local jurisdiction of court at Trichy-Almost all the allegations pertain to acts
    committed in matrimonial home at Mumbai-However, there if one allegation
    relevant to s.498-A alleged to have been committed in Chennai-Further,
    earlier, the petition filed by the wife for restitution of conjugal rights was
    transferred from Trichy to Family Court at Chennai-Therefore, the criminal
B   case in the court of Judicial Magistrate, Trichy shall be transferred to the
    court of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Chennai and the case pending in the
    Family Court at Mumbai filed by the husband shall be transferred to Principal
    Family Court at Chennai.

C         Arun Vyas v. Anita V:vas, (1999) 4 SCC 690 and Y. Abraham Ajith and
    Ors. v. Inspector of Police, Chennai and Anr., (20041 8 SCC 100, referred
    to.

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 372
    of 2005.
D
         From the Judgment and Order dated 21.8.2003 of the Madras High
    Court in Crl.O.P. No. 27404 of 2003.

                                        WITH

E         Crl.A. No. 373/2005 and T.P. (C) No. 603 of 2003.

         P.P. Rao, Sanjay Parikh, Ms.Anitha Shenoy, A.N. Singh and Abinash
    Mishra for the Appellants.

          K.K. Mani for the Petitioner in T.P. (C) No. 603/2003.
F      . R.Ayyam Perumal, S. Vallinayagam, G. Umapathy, B. Balaji, S.
    Gowthaman, Satya Mitra Garg and Badri Prasad Singh for the Respondent.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :

          !--eave granted.
G
          The two appeals filed by five accused (three in one case and two in
    another) arise out of two identical orders passed by the Madras High Court
    on 7.8.2003 and 21.8:f003 dismissing the petitions filed by them under Section
    482 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cr.P.C.', for short) by which a prayer
H   was made to quash the chargre-sheet and the consequential proceedings in
                             RAMESH v. STATE OF T.N.                            495

     C.C. No. 72/2002 on the file of the Judicial Magistrate III, Tiruchirapalli        A
     ('Trichy' for short), Tamil Nadu Sate. The wife of the Ist appellant in the
     appeal arising out of SLP(Crl.) No. 5735/2003, filed a complaint on 23.6.1999
     with the All Women Police Station, Trichy alleging the commission of offences
     under Sections 498-A and 406 of the Indian Penal Code and Sections 3 and
     4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. Allegations were made in the said complaint
     against the husband, the in-laws, husband's brother and siste~, who were all       B
     the petitioners before the High Court and the appellants herein. After
     registration of the F.I.R. and investigation, the charge-sheet was filed by the
     Inspector of Police, All Women Police Station, Trichy on 28.12.200 I in the
     Court of the Judicial Magistrate-III, Trichy. Thereupon, the learned Magistrate
     took cognizance of the offence and issued warrants against the appellants on       C
      13.2.2002. It appears that four of the appellants were arrested and released
     on bail by the Magistrate at Mumbai. The appellants then filed Criminal Writ
     Petition No. 593/2002 in the Bombay High Court for quashing the F.l.R. or
     in the alternative to transfer the F.I.R. to Mumbai. The proceedings were
     stayed by the High Court. On 2.6.2003, the writ petition was dismissed as
     withdrawn while giving liberty to approach the High Court of Madras at             D
     chennai for appropriate relief. Thereafter, the appellants filed the petition
     under Section 482 Cr.P.C. before the Madras High Court for quashing the

--   proceedings in C.C. No. 72/2002 on the file of the Judicial Magisrate-lll,
     Trichy. The High Court by the impugned order dismissed the petition with
     the following observations :                                                       E
            "But the grounds raised by the Petitioners are all subject matters to
            be heard by the trial court for better appreciation after conducting full
            trial and hence this Court is of the view that it is only desirable to
            dismiss the above Criminal Original Petition and the same is dismissed
            as such."                                                                   F
           However the High Court directed the Magistrate to dispense with the
     personal attendance of the appellants. Aggrieved by the order of the Madras
     High Court dismissing the petitions under Section 482 Cr.P.C., the special
     leave petitions giving rise to these appeals were filed by the accused.
                                                                                        G
           In the petition under Section 482, three contetions were raised-

            (i)   That the allegations are frivolous and without any basis;
            (ii) Even according to the F.l.R., no incriminating acts were done
                 within the jurisdiction of Trichy Police Station and the Court at      H
    496                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A               Trichy and, therefore, the learned Magistrate lacked territorial
                jurisdiction to take cognizance of the offence;

           (ii) Taking cognizance of the alleged offences at this stage i~ barr~d
                under Section 468( I) Cr.P.C. as it was beyond the p~rioci"~f
                limitation prescribed under Section 468(2).
B         The last two contentions are stressed before us. As far as the 1st appellant
    in the appeal arising out; of S.L.P.(Crl.) No. 290/2004 (Gowri Ramaswamy)
    is concerned, it is contended that the allegations in the F.l.R. do not make out
    any offence of which cognizance could be taken.

C          Before we proceed to deal with the two contentions relating to limitation
    and territorial jurisdiction, we "would like to consider first the conten~ion
    advanced on behalf .of the appellant-Gowri Ramaswamy. Looking at the
    allegations in the F.l.R. and the contents of charge-sheet, we hold that none
    of the alleged offence, viz., Sections 498-A, 406 of the l.P.C; and Section 4
    of the Dowry Prohibition Act are made out against her. She is the married
D   sister of the informant's husband who is undisputedly living in Delhi with her
    family. Assuming that during the ·relevant time, i.e., between March and
    October, 1997, when the 6th respondent (informant) lived in Mumbai in her
    marital home, the said lady stayed with them for some days, there is nothing
    in the complaint which connects her with an offence under Section 498-A or
E   any other offence of which cognizance was taken. Certain acts of taunting
    and ill-treatment of informant by her sister-in~law (appellant) were alleged
    but they do not pertain to dowry demand or entrustment and misappropriation
    of property belonging to the informant. What was said against her in the
    F.l.R. is that on some occasions, she directed the complainant to'wash W.C.
    and she used to abuse her and used to pass remarks such as "eveii if you have
F   got much jewellery, you are our slave." It is further stated in the report that
    Gowri would make wrong imputations to provoke her husband and would
    warn her that nobody could do anything to her family. These all~gations,
    even if true, do not amount to harassment with a view to coercing the infonnant
    or her relation to meet an unlawful ·demand for any property or valuable
G   security. At the most, the alleg~tions reveal that her sister-in-law''Gowri was
    insulting and making derogatory remarks against her and behaving. rudely
    against her. Even acts of abetment in connection with unlawful demand for
    property/dowry are hot alleged against her. The bald allegations made against
    her sister-in-law seem to suggest the anxiety of the infonnant to rope in as
    many of the husband's relations as possible. Neither the FJ.R. nor the charge-
H   sheet furnished the legal basis to the Magistrate to take cognizance of the
                         RAMESH v. STATE OF T.N.                               497
offences alleged against the appellant Gowri Ramaswamy. The High Court                 A
ought not to have relegated her to the ordeal of trial. Accordingly, the
proceedings against the appellant Gowri Ramaswamy are hereby quashed
and her appeal stands allowed.

      Now we have to deal with the case of other four appellants who, as
already stated, have raised the questions oflimitation and territorial jurisdiction.   B
       On the point of limitation, we are of the view that the prosecution
ca_nnot be nullified at the very threshold on the ground that the prescribed
period of limitation had expired. According to the learned counsel for the
appellants, the alleged acts of cruelty giving rise to the offence under Section C
498-A ceased on the exit of the informant from the matrimonial home on
2.10.1997 and no further acts of cruelty continued thereafter. The outer limit
of time for taking cognizance would therefore be 3.10.2000, it is contended.
However, at this juncture, we may clarify that there is an allegation in the
F. l.R. that on 13th/14th of October, 1998, when the infonnant' s close relations
met her in-laws at the hotel in Chennai, they made it clear that she will not D
be allowed to live with her husband in Mumbai unless she brought the
demanded money and jewellery. Even going by this statement, the taking of
cognizance on 13 .2.2002 pursuant to the charge-sheet filed on 28.12.2001
would be beyond the period of limitation. The commencement of limitation
could be taken as 2.10.1997 or at most 14. l 0.1998. As pointed out by this
Court in Arun Vyas v. Anita Vyas, [l 999] 4 SCC 690, the last act of cruelty E
would be the starting point of limitation. The three year period as per Section
468(2)(c) would expire by 14.10.2001 even if the latter date is taken into
account. But that is not the end of the matter. We have to still consider
whether the benefit of extended period of limitation could be given to the
infonnant. True, the learned Magistrate should have paused to consider the p
question oflimitation before taking congnizance and he should have addressed
himselfto the question whether there were grounds to extend the period of
limitation. On account of failure to do so, we would have, in the normal
course, quashed the order of the Magistrate taking cognizance and directed
him to consider the question ~f applicability of Section 473. However, having
regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, we are not inclined to G
exercise our jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution to remit the
matter to the trial court for taking a decision on this aspect. The fact remains
that the complaint was lodged on 23.6.1999, that is to say, much before the
expiry of the period of limitation and the F.l.R. was registered by the All
Women Police Station, Tiruchirapalli on that day. A copy of the F.I.R. was H
    498                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2005) 2 S.C.R.

A   sent to the Magistrate's Court on the next day, i.e., on 24.6.1999. However,
    the process of investigation and filling of charge-sheet took its' own time. The
    process of taking cognizance was consequentially delayed. There is also the
    further fact that the appellants filed Writ Petition (Crl.) No. 1719/2000 in the
    Bombay High Court for quashing the F.LR. or in the alternative to direct its
    transfer to Mumbai. We are told that the High Court granted an ex-parte
B   interim stay. On 20.8.2001, the writ petition was permitted to be withdrawn
    with liberty to file a fresh petition. The charge.:sheet was filed four months
    thereafter. It is in this background that the delay has to be viewed. The
    approach the Court has to adopt in considering the q'uestion of limitation in
    regard to the. matrimonial offences was highlighted by this Court in the case
C   of Arun Vyas (supra). While pointing out in effect that the two limbs of the
    enabling provision under Section 473 are independent, this Court observed
    thus :

            "14 ...... The first limb confers power on every competent court to
            take cognizance of an offence after the period of limitation if if is
D           satisfied on the facts and in the circumstances of the case that the
            delay has been properly explained and the· second limb empowers
            such a court to take cognizance of an offence if it is satisfied on the
            facts and in the circumstances of the case that is is necessary so to
            do in the interests of justice. It is true that the expression "in the
            interest of justice" in Section 473 cannot be interpreted tO mean in
E           the interest of prosecution. What the court has to see is "interest of
            justice". The interest of justice demands that the court should-protect
            the oppressed and punish the oppressor/offender. In complaints under
            Section 498-A the wife will invariably be oppressed, having been
            subjected to cruelty by the husband and the in-laws. It is, therefore,
F           appropriate for the courts, in case of delayed complaints, to construe
            liberally Section 473 CrPc in favour of a wife who is subjected to
            cruelty if on the facts and in the circumstances of the ·case it is
            necessary so to do in the interests of justice. When the conduct of the
            accused is such that applying the rule of'limitation will give an unfair
            advantage to him or result in miscarriage of justice, the court may
G           take cognizance of an offence after the expiry of the period of
          · limitation in the interests of justice. This is only illustrative, not
            exhaustive.

          No doubt, the Court directed the Magistrate to consider the question of
H limitation taking note of Section 473 Cr.P.C. in the light of the observations
                        RAMESH v. STATE OF T.N.                             499

made in the judgment. In the instant case. however, thy same course need not A
be adopted. That was a case in which the complaint. alleging ofence under
Section 498-A itself was filed nearly 7 years after the aggrieved spouse was
kept out of the matrimonial home without any explanation for delay. That is
why the matter was remanded to the Magistrate for reconsideration. In the
present case,· such a course is unnecessary and inexpedient. Adopting the B
liberal approach that has been stressed by this Court in the afore-mentioned
decision and considering the facts apparent from the record as discussed
supra, we feel that it is a fit case where the benefit of Section 473 Cr.P.C.
should be extended to the informant-lady and there is no need to prolong the
controversy on the point of limitation.
                                                                                  0
       The next controversy arising in the case is about the territorial jurisdiction
of the Magistrate's Court at Tiruchirapally to try the cases. As already noted,
the High Court was of the view that the questions raised in the petition
cannot be decided before trial. It is contended by the learned counsel for the
appellants tht the issue relating to the place of trial can be decided even at D
this stage without going beyond the averments in the complaint filed by the
respondents and the High Court should have, therefore, decided this point of
jurisdiction, when it is raised before the trial has commenced. Our attention
ha.sbe:n dram 1D a :ia::mtd::cis:bn of 1h:is Coutt.:h Y. Abraham Ajit and Ors.
v. Inspector of Police Chennai and Anr., [2004] 8 SCC 100. In that case, the
 Madras High Court refused to interfere under Section 482 Cr.P.C. when the E
 issue of territorial jurisdiction of the concerned Magistrate to take cognizance
of the offence was raised. This Court did not endorse the approach of the
 High Court for not recording the finding on the question of jurisdiction. On
 reading the allegations in the complaint, the court came to the conclusion that
no part of the cause of action arose "'in Chennai and therefore the Metropolitan p
 Magistrate at Chennai could not have taken cognizance and issued summons.
On this ground, the criminal proceedings were quashed and the complaint
was directed to be returned to respondent who was given liberty to file the
same in an appropriate court. That was also a case of complaint for an
offence under Section 498-A and Cr.P.C. filed by the wife against the appellant G
therein.

      In the view we are taking, it is not necessary for us to delve into the
question of territorial jurisdiction of the Court at Trichy in detail. Suffice it
to say that on looking at the complaint at its face value, the offences alleged
cannot be said to have been committed wholly or parity within the local H
    500                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A jurisdiction of th.e Magistrate's Court at Tricht. Prjma facie. none of the
    ingredients constituting the offence can be said to have occurred within the
    local jurisdiction of that Court. Almost all the allegations pertain to acts . of
    cruelty for the purpose of extracting additional property as dowry while she
    was in the matrimonial home at Mumbai and, the alleged acts ~f
B   misappropriation of her movable property at Mumbai, However, there is one
    allegation relevant to Section 498-A from which it could be inferred that one
    of the acts giving rise to the offence under the said Section had taken place
    in Chennai. It is alleged that when the relations of the informant met her in-
    laws at a hotel in Chennai where they were staying on 13.10.1998, there was
    again a demand for dowry and a threat to torture her in case she was sent
C   back to Mumbai without the money and articles demanded.

          Thus the alleged acts which according to the petitioner constitute the
    offences under Section 498-A and 406 were.done by the accused mostly in
    Mumbai and partly in Chennai. Prima facie, there is nothing in the entire
D   complaint which goes to show that any acts constituting the alleged offences
    were at all committed at Trichy.

          One more relevant aspect to be noticed is that the informant-wife filed
    Transfer Petition No. 603/2003 seeking transfer of MJ Petition No. A416/
    2003 on the file of Family Cou_rt at Sandra, Mumbai filed by the husband for
E   dissolution of the marriage to the Family Court at chennai to be heard along
    with OP No. 2071 of 1999 on the file of II Ad~itional F~mily Court at               I
                                                                                        \I
    Chennai (since disposed of). It ap~ears that on an earlier occasion, the petition
    filed by the wife for restitution of conjugal right in t~e sub~Court at Trichy
    was transferred to the Family Court at Chennai at the instance of the wife by
F   an order of this Court dated 29.10.1999. That petition was ultimately allowed
    by the ~amily Court and th~ Execution Petition was transmitted to the Mumbai
    Court. A Civil Miscellaneous Appeal (unnumbered so far) against the decree
    of the Family Court, Chennai i~ said _to be pending in the Madras High Court.

          _Having regard to the above facts viz., background and history of
G   litigation, the. prima facie, view taken by us on the point of territorial
    jurisdiction and taking an overall view of the convenience of both the parties,
    we are of the view that the criminal case arising out of CC No. 72/2002 on
    the file of the Judicial Magistrate Ill, Tiruchirapally and the Matrimonial
    Case filed by the husband (first petitioner i.n the Appeal No. 372/2005,
H   corresponding to SLP 5735 of 2003) at Mumbai should both be tried in
                        RAMESH v. ST ATE OF T.N.                           501

Chennai. The criminal case shall be transferred from the Court of Judicial        A
Magistrate Tiruchirapally to the Chief Judicial Magistrate at Chennai who
may either decide it himself or assign it to one of the Judicial Magistrates in
Chennai. The MJ Petition No. A4 I6/2003 pending in the Family Cou1t at
Sandra, Mumbai shall be transferred to the Principal Family Court at chennai.
Both these cases shall be decided expeditiously without avoidable delay.
Accordingly, the appeal filed by Ramesh and three others and the Transfer         B
Petition are disposed of. The appeal arising out of SLP(Crl.) No. 29012004
filed by Gauri Ramaswamy and another is partly allowed by quasing the
proceedings insofar as Gauri Ramaswamy is concerned. No Costs.

      Before closing, we may record the fact that the case was adjourned for      C
considerable time in the hope that the parties will reach the settlement but it
could not take place as the counsel appearing for the complainant-lady stated
that she was keen on going back to resume marital ties while pursuing the
criminal case against the hunban<;f and others.

R.P.                                            Appeals/Petition disposed of      D