PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS PVT. LTD.versusCOMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, KOLKATA-1 AND ANR.

                     (2012] 8 S.C.R. 849


      PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS PVT. LTD.                             A
                               v.
  COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, KOLKATA-1 AND
                        ANR.
          (Civil Appeal No. 6924 of 2012)
                                                                     B
                   SEPTEMBER 25, 2012

    [S.H. KAPADIA, CJI AND MADAN B. LOKUR, J.]

    INCOME TAX ACT, 1961:
                                                                     c
      s.271(1)(c) read with s.40A(7) - Penalty proceedings -
Computation error - Provision for payment of gratuity - Not
added to total income - Held: Contents of Tax Audit Report
filed along with the return stating that the provision for payment
was not allowable u/s 40A(7) suggest that it was a bona fide         D
and inadvertent computation error, as the ass~ssee while
submitting its return, failed to add the provision for gratuity to
its total income - It cannot be said that the assessee is guilty
of either furnishing inaccurate particulars or attempting to
conceal its income - In view of the peculiar facts of the case,
                                                                     E
the imposition of penalty on the assessee being not justified,
is set aside.           ·

     The assessee, engaged in providing multi-
disciplinary management consultancy services, filed its
return of income on 30.11.2000 u/s 139(6) read with F
s.139(6A) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, accompanied by
its Tax Audit Report as required u/s 44AB of the Act. The
Statement of Particulars filed by the assessee was in
Form 3CD as required by r.6G (2) of the Income Tax Rules,
1962. In Column 17(i) of the Statement, though it was G
stated that the provision for payment of gratuity was not
allowable uls 40A(7), the assessee claimed a deduction
thereon amounting to Rs.23,70,306/- in its return of
income and, accordingly, the assessment order was
                               849                                   H
    850     SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2012] 8 S.C.R.

A passed u/s 143(3) of the Act on 26.03.2003. However, on
  22.1.2004, the Assessing Officer iss•Jed a notice to the
  assessee u/s 148 of the Act for reopening the assessment
  and, ultimately, the assessee filed a revised return. A re-
  assessment was passed and the assessee paid the tax
B due on the said amount of Rs.23,70,3061- as well as
  interest thereon. The Assessing Officer thereafter initiated
  penalty proceedings u/s 271(1)(c) of.the Act and imposed
  a penalty at 300% on the tax sought to be evaded by the
  assessee for furnishing inaccurate particulars. The
c appeal of the assessee was dismissed by the
  Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals). The Income Tax
  Appellate Tribunal reduced the penalty to 100%. The
  appeal filed by the assessee was dismissed by the High
  Court.
D       Allowing the appeal, the Court

       HELD: 1.1 The facts of the case are rather peculiar
  and somewhat unique. The assessee is undoubtedly a
  reputed firm and has great expertise available with it.
E Notwithstanding this, it is possible that even the
  assessee could make a "silly" mistake and indeed this
  has been acknowledged both by the Tribunal as well as
  the High Court. It has further been explained in the
  affidavit filed before this Court. [para 16, 17] [856-D]
F      1.2 The fact that the Tax Audit Report was filed along
  with the return and that it unequivocally stated that the
  provision for payment of gratuity was not allowable u/s
  40A(7) of the Act indicates that the assessee made a
  computation error in its return of income. Apart from the
G fact that the assessee did not notice the error, it was not
  noticed even by the Assessing Officer who framed the
  assessment order. It appears that all that has happened
  in the instant case is that through a bona fide and
  inadvertent error, the assessee while submitting its
H
 PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS PVT. LTD. v. COMMNR              851
            OF INCOME TAX, KOLKATA-1
return, failed to add the provision for gratuity to its total      A
income. This can only be described as a human error.
That the assessee should have been careful cannot be
doubted, but the absence of due care, in such a case
does not mean that the assessee is guilty of either
furnishing inaccurate particulars or attempting to conceal         B
its income. [para 18-19] [856-E-H; 857-A-B]

    1.3 In view of the peculiar facts of the case, the
imposition of penalty on the assessee is not justified. This
Court is satisfied that the assessee had committed an
inadvertent and bona fide error and had not intended to            C
or attempted to either conceal its income or furnish
inaccurate particulars. [para 20] [857-C]

    CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
6924 of 2011.                                                      D

    From the Judgment and Order dated 18.12.2008 of the
High Court at Calcutta in ITA No. 120 of 2006.

    Harish N. Salve, Pawan Sharma, Ekta Kapil, Kuber
deewan, B. Vijayalakshmi Menon for the Appellant.                  E

     R.P. Bhatt, Rupesh Kumar, Nishant Patil, Anil Katiyar (For
B.V. Balaram Das) for the Respondents.

     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                                   F
     MADAN B. LOKUR, J. 1. Leave granted.
      2. The assessee is aggrieved by a judgment and order
dated 18.12.2008 passed by the High Court of Calcutta in ITA
No.120 of 2006. By the impugned judgment, a penalty imposed        G
on the assessee under Section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act,
1961 was upheld, though the quantum was reduced. We are
of the view that on the facts of the case the imposition was not
justified.
     3. We are concerned with the assessment year 2000-            H
    852     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2012] 8 S.C.R.


A 2001. The assessee provides multi-disciplinary management
  consultancy services and has a worldwide reputation. It filed its
  return of income on 30.11.2000 under Section 139(6) read with
  Section 139(6A) of the Income Tax Act (for short, 'the Act'). As
  statutorily required by Section 139(6A) of the Act, the assessee
8 also filed its tax audit report under Section 44AB of the Act.
  The Statement of Particulars filed by the assessee was in Form
  3CD as required by Rule 6G(2) of the Income Tax Rules, 1962
  and is, in a sense, an integral part of the return.

       4. In Column 17(i) of the Statement, it was stated as
C follows: -

     17.      Amounts debited
              to the profit and
              loss account being:-
D
     (a)      xx      xx         xx      xx       xx    xx
     (b)      xx      xx         xx      xx       xx    xx
     (c)      xx      xx        xx       xx       xx    xx
E
    (d)       xx      xx        xx       xx       xx    xx
    (e)       xx      xx        xx       xx       xx    xx
F   (f)       xx      xx        xx       xx       xx    xx
    (g)       xx      xx        xx       xx       xx    xx
    (h)       xx      xx        xx       xx       xx    xx
G   (i)       provision for payment     Rs.23, 70,306/- (Liability
              of gratuity not allowable provided for payment
              under section 40A(7);     of gratuity)

      5. Even though the Statement indicated that the provision
H towards payment of gratuity was not allowable, the assessee
 PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS PVT. LTD. v. COMMNR. 853
    OF INCOME TAX, KOLKATA-1 [MADAN B. LOKUR, J.]

claimed a deduction thereon in its return of income. On the       A
basis of the return and the Statement, an assessment order was
passed under Section 143(3) of the Act on 26.03.2003.
According to the assessee, the claim for deduction was
inadvertent and it also seems to have been overlooked by the
Assessing Officer.                                                B

    6. Much later, the Assessing Officer issued a notice to the
assessee under Section 148 of the Act on 22.01.2004 for
reopening the assessment. The notice did not indicate any
reason why it was issued except to state that income for the      C
assessment year 2000-2001 had escaped assessment.

    7. In response to the notice, the assessee filed its return
under protest on 16.02.2004 and also requested for the
grounds for reopening the assessment.
                                                                  D
     8. By a letter dated 16.12.2004, the assessee was
furnished the reasons for reopening the assessment, which
read as under:-

     "A. Reasons for-opening u/s 147 relevant to A.Y. 2000-01
                                                                  E
          In this case, regular assessment was completed
     under Section 143(3) on 26.03.03 at a total income of
     Rs.24,42,91,550/-.

           On perusal of the assessment records, it is seen       F
     from Clause 17(i) of the Tax Audit Report that
     Rs.23,70,306/- being liabilities provided for payment of
     gratuity, was provided for during the year. This provision
     is not allowable u/s 40A(7) and was required to be added
     back. However, the same has not been added by the            G
     assessee in its computation, thereby leading to
     underassessment of income by Rs.23,70,306/-."

     9. Soon after the assessee was communicated the
 reasons for re-opening the assessment, it realized that a
 mistake had been committed and accordingly by a letter dated     H
    854     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2012] 8 S. C.R.


A 20.01.2005 the Assessing Officer was informed that there was
  no willful suppression of facts by the assessee but that a
  genuine mistake or omission had been committed which also
  appears to have been overlooked by the Assessing Officer
  before whom the Tax Audit Report was placed. Accordingly, the
B assessee filed a revised return on the same day. A re-
  assessment was passed on the same day and the assessee
  then paid the tax due as well as the interest thereon.

       10. Unfortunately for the assessee, the Assessing Officer
C thereafter initiated penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c)
  of the Act.

       11. After obtaining a response from the assessee, the
  Assessing Officer saddled the assessee with penalty at 300%
  on the tax sought to be evaded by the assessee by furnishing
D inaccurate particulars. The quantum of the penalty was
  determined at Rs.27,37,689/-.

       12. Feeling aggrieved, the assessee preferred an appeal,
  but the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) rejected the
E appeal and upheld the penalty imposed on the assessee. In a
  further appeal, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (for short the
  Tribunal} upheld the imp.osition. Significantly, the Tribunal
  mentions that the assessee had made a mistake, which could
  be described as a silly mistake, but since the assessee is a
  high-calibre and competent organization, it was not expected
F to make such a mistake. Accordingly, the Tribunal reduced the
  penalty to 100%.

        13. Against the order of the Tribunal, the assessee
  approached the Calcutta High Court which dismissed its appeal
G filed under Section 260-A of the Act by the impugned order.
  The only reason given by the High Court for dismissing the
  appeal reads as under:-

        "After analysing the facts of this case, considering the
        submissions made by the learned Advocates for the
H
PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS PVT. LTD. v. COMMNR               855
   OF INCOME TAX, KOLKATA-1 [MADAN 8. LOKUR, J.]

    parties and the materials placed before us, we cannot A
    brush aside the fact that the assessee company is a well
    known and reputed Chartered Accountant firm and a tax
    consultant We also do not find any substance in the
    submissions made by Dr. Pal; on the contrary, in our
    considered opinion, we find that Section 271(1)(c) of the B
    Act has specifically stated about the concealment of the
    particulars of income or furnishing of inaccurate particulars
    of such income which has to be read "either" - "or" and
    on the given facts of this case would automatically come
    within the four corners of Section 271 (1 )(c) of the Act and c
    we come to the conclusion that the appellant have failed
    to discharge their strict liability to furnish their true and
    correct particulars of accounts while filing the return. We
    are also of the opinion that the penalty under that provision
    is a civil liability and wilful concealment is not an essential D
    ingredient for attracting civil liability as in the matter of
     prosecution under section 276C, as has been held by the
     Hon'ble Supreme Court. We also find that the mens rea
     i~ not an essential element for imposing penalty for breach
     oJ civil obligations or liabilities. We, therefore, accept the
     contention of Mr. Shame and dismiss the appeal E
     answering the questions in the negative."

     14. During the course of hearing this appeal against the
judgment and order of the Calcutta High Court, we had required
the assessee to explain to us how and why the mistake was          F
committed.

     15 .. The assessee has filed an affidavit dated 14th
September, 2012 in which it is stated that the assessee. is
engaged in Multidisciplinary Management Consulting Services        G
and in the relevant year it employed around 1000 employees.
It has a separate accounts department which maintains day to
day accounts, pay rolls etc. It is stated in the affidavit that
perhaps there was some confusion because the person
preparing the return was unaware of the fact that the services     H
      856     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2012] 8 S.C.R.


 A of some employees had been taken over upon acquisition of
   a business, but they were not members of an approved gratuity
   fund unlike other employees of the assessee. Under these
   circumstances, the tax return was finalized and filled in by a
   named person who was not a Chartered Accountant and was
 B a common resource.

       16. It is further stated in the affidavit that the return was
  signed by a director of the assessee who proceeded on the
  basis that the return was correctly drawn up and so did not
  notice the discrepancy between the Tax Audit Report and the
C return of income.

           17. Having heard learned counsel for the parties, we are
     of the view that the facts of the case are rather peculiar and
     somewhat unique. The assessee is undoubtedly a reputed firm
o    and has great expertise available with it. Notwithstanding this,
     it is possible that even the assessee could make a "silly"
     mistake and indeed this has been acknowledged both by the
     Tribunal as well as by the High Court.

       18. The fact that the Tax Audit Report was filed along with
E the return and that it unequivocally stated that the provision for
  payment was not allowable under Section 40A(7) of the Act
  indicates that the assessee made a computation error in its
  return of income. Apart from the fact that the assessee.did not
  notice the error, it was not even noticed even by the Assessing
F Officer who framed the assessment order. In that sense, even
  the Assessing Officer seems to have made a mistake in
  overlooking the contents of the Tax Audit Report.

        19. The contents of the Tax Audit Report suggest that there
G is no question of the assessee concealing its income. There
  is also no question of the assessee furnishing any inaccurate
  particulars. It appears to us that all that has happened in the
  present case is that through a bona fide and inadvertent error,
  the assessee while submitting its return, failed to add the
H provision for gratuity to its total income. This can only be
  PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS PVT. LTD. v. COMMNR.              857
     OF INCOME TAX, KOLKATA-1 [MADAN B. LOKUR, J.]
described as a human error which we are all prone to make.           A
The calibre and expertise of the assessee has little or nothing
to do with the inadvertent error. That the assessee should have
been careful cannot be doubted, but the absence of due care,
in a case such as the present, does not mean that the
assessee is guilty of either furnishing inaccurate particulars or    B
attempting to conceal its income.

       20. We are of the opinion, given the peculiar facts of this
 case, that the imposition of penalty on the assessee is not
 justified. We are satisfied that the assessee had committed an      C
  inadvertent and bona fide error and had not intended to or
  attempted to either conceal its income or furnish inaccurate
· particulars.

      21. Under these circumstances, the appeal is allowed and
 the order passed by the Calcutta High Court is set aside. No        D
 costs.

 R.P.                                           Appeal allowed.