PRAKASHversusSTATE OF HARYANA

A                                PRAKASH
                                      v.
                           STATE OF HARVANA

                            DECEMBER 2, 2003

B           [DORAISWAMY RAJU AND ARIJIT PASAYAT, JJ.]

         Penal Code, 1860-Sections 361, 363, 366, 376, 511-Kidnapping
    and attempted rape of minor child-Trial Court and High Court convict-
    ing the appellant under section 361-Plea of consent of child in going
C   along with accused-Validity of-Held, minor children protected by lawful
    guardians under section 361-Hence, the consent of a minor is immate-
    rial-On evidence, the conviction of appellant upheld.

        The appellant and another person were charged for. offe~ces of
 ' kidnapping and attempted rape of a 5-1/2 year old· victim under
D sections 363, 366 and 376 read with section 511 IPC. The incident was
   noticed by her grandmother - PW 5. The trial court convicted the
   appellant and awarded custodial sentence of 3 years for the first two
   offences· and 4 years for the last one. Another person was acquitted
   by the trial court. In appeal by the appellant, the High Court
E confirmed the conviction for offences under sections 363 and 366 IPC
   and set aside the conviction under section 376 read with section Sl 1
   IPC.

         In appeal, the appellant contended that the appellant was falsely
F   implicated in the offence since there were pending litigations between
    the appellant's family and the family of the father of the prosecutrix;
    that PW 5 was hard of hearing, and could not have heard the cries
    of the victim which no one else has heard; and that the ingredients
    necessary for conviction under sections 363 and 366 IPC have not been
    made out and has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt.
G
          The respondent-State contended that the evidence of PW ·s is
    'cogent and trustworthy; and that the appellant was convicted based
     on clear evidence.

H        Dismissing the appeal, the Court
                                      436
                    PRAKASH v. STATE OF HARYANA                       437

         HELD : . t.1. It is highly improbable that for making false A
    implication, a child of 5-112 years would be used as a pawn unmindful
    of the disrepute she would have to suffer in public with a stigma for
    the rest of her life. Evidence of PW 5 has essence of credibility and
    truthfulness. She has explained as to how she chanced upon seeing the
    victim, after hearing her cries. Merely because nobody else has heard B
    it or came forward hearing it cannot be a ground to discard her
    evidence. (440-B-C-D)

          1.2. The object of section 361 is to protect minor children from
    being seduced for improper purposes and to protect the rights and
    privileges of guardians having the lawful charge or custody of their C
    minor wards. The gravamen of this offence lies in the taking or enticing
    of a minor under the ages specified in the section, out of the keeping
    of lawful guardian without the consent of such guardian. The use of
    the word 'keeping' in the context connotes the idea of charge, protec-
    tion, maintenance and control. Further the guardian's charge ;md D
    control appears to be compatible with the independence of action and
    movement in the minor, the guardian's protection and control of the
    minor being available, whenever necessity arises. On plain reading of
    the section, the consent of the minor, who is taken or enticed, is wholly
    immaterial. It is only the guardian's consent which takes the case out E
-   of its purview. It is not necessary that the taking or enticing must be
    shown to have been by means of force or fraud. Persuasion by the
    accused person which creates willingness on the part of the minor to
    be taken out of the keeping of the lawful guardian would be sufficient
    to attract the section. [441-A-B-C-D-E)
                                                                            F
        State of Hmyana v. Raja Ram, (1973) 1 SCC 544 and Thakkorlal
    D. Vadgdama v. Th.e State of Gujarat, AIR (1973) SC 2313, relied on.

         Reg v. Job Timmins (169 English Reports 1260); Reg. v. Robb, 176
    English Reports 466 and Reg. v. Manketelow, 6 Cox Criminal Cases 143, G
    referred to.

         1.3. The trial court and the High Court were justified in convicting
    the appellant on th·e basis of the evidence on record. The sentence
    imposed appears to be liberal when loathsome nature of the offence
    is considered. (443-B-CJ                                                  H
    438                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A       CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
    390 of 1997.

          ~romthe Judgment and Order dated 30.4.96 of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court in Crl. A No. 164-SB of 1987.
B
          J.P. Dhanda and Vineet Dhanda for the Appellant.

          Vinay Kumar Garg for the Respondent.

C         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

         ARIJIT PASAYA T, J. Perversity and degradation of mind some-
  times reach rock bottom of humanness when tiny girl become victims of
  sexual assault and libidinous behaviour. One wonders to what low level
  of depravation, perpetrators of such crimes can condescend. The case at
D hand is one such shocking case where the victim was about five years of
  age. We do not propose to indicate the name of the victim, who suffered
  the traumatic experiences on 24.2.1986. The accused-appellant and
  another person who faced trial with him allegedly committed offences of
  kidnapping and attempted rape punishable under Sections· 363, 36tS. and
E 376 read with Section 511 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short the
  'IPC'). The victim was called and taken away by the accused-appellant
  who was known to her, for fulfilling his lust and her absence was noticed
  by her octogenarian grandmother (PW-5). She went out in search of her.
  After going to a sh011 distance, she could hear the cries of the victim and
F rushed to the house of the accused from where her sound was coming. She
  found the victim naked and accused-appellant lying on top of her while
  acquitted accused was standing nearby. The father of the victim (PW-6)
  lodged the report on learning about the incident from the victim and PW-
  5. Initially there was an attempt to settle the matter which was not accepted
G by the father of the victim. Information was lodged at the police station.
  The girl was medically examined and charge sheet was placed after
  completion of investigation.

         The accused persons pleaded innocence and false implication on
H   account of litigations. The trial Court found the accusations established so
         PRAKASH v. STATE OF HARYANA [PASAYAT, J.]                   439

far as commission of charged offences under Sections 363 and 366 !PC A
are concerned and awarded custodial sentence of 3 years for the first two
offences, and 4 years for the last one. However, finding that the other
accused was not properly described or identified in the first information
report he was entitled to the benefit of doubt. For holding the accused
guilty re_liance was placed on the evidence of eyewitness (PW-5). The B
accused-appellant preferred an appeal before the High Court of Punjab and
Haryana. By the impugned judgment, the High Court upheld the conviction
so far as offences relatable to Sections 363 and 366 IPC are_concerned,
but set aside the conviction recorded under Section 376 read with Section
511 !PC.
                                                                           c
      In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant submitted
that the prosecution has tried to improve its case at different stages.
Nowhere at the investigation stage, it was stated that the accused took the
victim by putting hand on her mouth; but in Court such an improvement D
was made. With reference to the conviction under Sections 363 and 366,
it is submitted that the ingredients necessary for constituting the said
offences have not been made out and the case has not been proved beyond
reasonable doubt. The behaviour of PW-5 is unnatural. It is quite improb-:
able that a grandmother finding her granddaughter. being sexually assaulted
by any person would silently take the victim away without even giving a E
tongue-lashing to the accused. The Courts below have lost sight of the fact
that there were litigations. pending between accused's family and the
 family of the father of the victim. Since the co-accused has been acquitted
 by the trial court said factor should have weighed with the Courts below.
PW-5, the so-called eyewitness admittedly had defective eyesight and was F
hard of hearing. It is hard to believe that the victim was crying in such
a loud voice that PW-5 who is hard of hearing could hear it, but none
others.

       In response, learned counsel for the respondent-State submitted that G
  PW-5's evidence is cogent and trustworthy. The victim was playing
  outside at 1.30 p.m. Noticing her absence she went out to search for her.
  This is a natural behaviour. The child was recovered from the house of the
· accused in naked condition. Whether the child was taken by putting
  her hand on her mouth or not has no relevance. Gravamen of the offence H
                                                                                ,.
    440                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.
A is taking away a minor child from lawful custody of her guardians.
    There is clear evidence in that regard, and the convictions deserve 'o be
    upheld.

          Both the trial Court and the High Court have analysed in great detail
B   the evidence of PW-5, the grandmother. Though it was submitted that there
    were differences between accused and PW-6 because·of some dispute, it
    is highly improbable that for making false implication a child of 5112-years
    would he used as a pawn unmindful of the disrepute she would have to
    suffer in public with a stigma for the rest of her life. Evidence of PW-
C   5 has essence of credibility and truthfulness. She has explained us as io
    how she chanced upon seeing the victim, after hearing her cries.. Merely
    because nobody else has heard it or came forward hearing it as contended
    by the accused-appellant, same cannot be a ground to discard her evidence.
    The Courts below have rightly acted upon her evidence. ·

D       Next comes the question whether ingredients of Sections 363 and 366
    IPC are made out.

          Section 361, I.P.C. reads :

E            "361. Kidnapping from lawful guardianship. - Whoeyer takes or,
             entices any minor under sixteen years of age if a male, or un'der'
                                     ' : '  f           .•.•
                                                         +   ·.   <           •   ·,   ••    ,·,_,'I,..'•

             eighteen years of age if a female,. or any person of unsound tpind;
             out of the keeping of the lawful guardian -~f such ,minor or perso~
             of unsound mind, without. the consent of such guardian, is said
F            to kidnap such minor or person from lawfu_I guardianship.

             Explanation. - The words 'lawful guardian' in t~is section include
             any. person lawfully e~trusted with the care. or' custody of such
             minor or other person.
G                                .                                    .   .                 .'.. -;.'\"'\ ..
             Exception - This section doe~ not extend _to _the ac~ of any p7rson ;:
             who in good faith pelieves_ .himself t~ b\:l the fath_er .()f ~n .
             illegitimate child, or wh<>;in_ good f~ithbel!.ey~~ hiniself to.~~-.
             entitled to lawful c1:1stody pf such: child,_·; m:*ss such act ~s ·
             committed for an. immoral     or µnlawful purpose."     ·
H                          ,·     ' .  . .              . ' . :· ,.,




                      /
          PRAKASH v. STATE OF HARYANA [PASAYAT, J.)                    441

  The object of this section seems as much to protect the minor children from A
  being seduced for improper purposes as to protect the rights and privileges
  of guardians having the lawful charge or custody of their minor wards. The
 gravamen of this offence lies in the taking or enticing of a minor under
  the ages specified in this section, out of the keeping of the lawful guardian
  without the consent of such guardian. The words "takes or entices any B
  minor ........... out of the keeping of the lawful guardian of such minor" in
  Section 361, are-significant. The use ofthe word "Keeping" in the context
  connotes the idea of charge, protection, maintenance and control; further
  the guardian's charge and control appears to be compatible with the
  independence of action and movement in the minor, the guardian's C
  protection and control of the minor being available, whenever necessity
  arises. On plain reading of this section the consent of the minor who is
   taken or enticed is wholly immaterial : it is only the guardian's consent
   which takes the case out of its purview. Nor is it necessary that the taking
. or enticing must be shown to have been by means of force or fraud. D
   Persuasion by the accused person which creates willingness on the part of
   the minor to be taken out of the keeping of the lawful guardian would be
   sufficient to attract the Section.

      In State ofHaryana v. Raja Ram, [1973] 1SCC544 English decisions
 were noticed by this Court for the purpose of illustrating the scope of the E
 protection of minor children and of the sacred right of their parents and
 guardians to the possession of minor children under the English Law. The
 decisions noticed were Reg v. Job Timmins, 169 English Reports 1.260; Reg
 v. Handley and Another, 175 English Reports 890 and ~eg. v. Robb. 176
 English Reports 466. In the first case Job Timmins was convicted of an F
 indictment framed upon 9 Geo. IV, Clause 31, Section 20 for taking an
 unmarried girl under sixteen out of the possession of her father, and against
 his will. It was observed by Erle, C.J. that the statute was passed for the
 protection of parents and for preventing unmarried girls from being taken
 out of possession of their parents against their will. Limiting the judgment G
 to the facts of that case it was said that no deception or forwardness on
 the part of the girl in such cases could prevent the person taking her away
 from being guilty of the offence in question. The second decision is
 authority for the view that in order to constitute an offence under 9 Geo.
 IV, Claus~ 31, Section 20 it is suftlcient if by moral force a willingness H
    442                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   on the pa11 of the girl to go away with the prisoner is created; but if her
    going away with the prisoner is entirely voluntary, no offence is commit-
    ted. The last case was of a conviction under the Statute (24 & 25 Viet.
    Clause 100, Section 55). There inducement by previous promise or
    persuasion was held sufficient to bring the case within the mischief of the
B   State. In the English Statutes the expression used was "take out of the
    possession" and not "out of the keeping" as used in Section 361, !PC. But
    that expression was construed in the English decisions not to require actual
    manual ;>ossession. lt was enough if at the time of the taking the girl
    continued under the care, charge and control of the parent : see Reg. v.
C   Manketelow, 6 Cox Criminal Cases 143. These decisions were held to
    confinn the view that Section 361 is designed also to protect the sacred
    right of the guardians with respect to their minor wards.

          The position was again reiterated in Thakorlal D. Vadgdama v. The
D State of Gujarat, AIR (1973) SC 2313 wherein it was, inter alia, observed
    as follows:

                  "The expression used in Section 361, l.P.C. is "whoever
             takes or entices any minor". The word "takes" does not necessar-
             ily connote taking by force and it is not confined only to use of
E            force, actual or constructive. This word merely means, "to cause
             to go," "to escort" or "to get into possession". No doubt it does
             mean physical taking, but not necessarily by use of force or fraud.
             The word "entice" seems to involve the idea of inducement or
             allurement by giving rise to hope or desire in the other. This can
F            take many fonns, difficult to visualise and describe exhaustively;
             some of them may be quite subtle, depending for their success on
             the mental state of the persoR at the time when the inducement
             is intended to operate. This may work immediately or it may
             create continuous and gradual but imperceptible impression cul-
G            minating after some time, in achieving its ultimate purposes of
             successful inducement. The two words "takes" and "entices'', as
             used in Section 361, I.P.C. are in our opinion, intended to be read
             together so that each takes to some extent its colour and content
             from the other. The statutory language suggests that if the minor
H            leaves her parental home completely uninfluenced by any prom-
         PRAKASH v. STATE OF HARYANA [PASAYAT, J.]                   443

        ise, offer or inducement emanating from the guilty party, then the A
        latter cannot be considered to have committed the offence as
        defined in Section 361, I.P.C."

      When the evidence on record is tested in the background of aforesaid
legal principles, the inevitable conclusion is that the trial Court and the B
High Court were justified in convicting the accused. The sentence as
imposed also appears to be liberal when loathsome nature of the offence
is considered.

       The appeal is without any merit and is dismissed.
                                                                           c
B.S.                                                   Appeal dismissed.