PAWAN @ RAJINDER SINGH AND ANOTHERversusSTATE OF HARYANA

                             [2017] 2 S.C.R. 882



A            PAWAN@ RAJINDER SINGH AND ANOTHER
                                      v.
                           STATE OF HARYANA
                     (Criminal Appeal No. 2194 of2014)
                              MARCH 08, 2017
B
           [N. V. RAMANA AND PRA.FULLA C. PANT, JJ.)
           Penal Code, 1860 - ss.302134 - Murder - Prosecution case
    was that on the fateful day, the accused persons demanded return
    of their money from the neighbour of the victim-deceased - Deceased
    requested !hem lo waive off the amount and due to /hat altercation
c   took place between the deceased and the two accused - After half
    an hour the accused persons came back on scooter and therqilfter
    deceased also left with them but on his separate ~'coater - Tliereafter,
    deceased did not return and next day his dead body was found in
    an open ground - Trial court relying upon the testimony of chance
D   witnesses held both the accused guilty u/ss.302134 - High Court
    affirmed conviction - On appeal, held: It is not clear from the record
    as to how these chance witnesses, who stated that they heard
    altercation between the deceased amf Jhe two accused after midnight
    and thereafter heard sound of fire, were present at the spot - The
    testimony of these witnesses could·not be said to be reliable or
E
    trustworthy particularly when their statements were not corroborated
    from other evidence on record - In view of the conclusion of the
    Forensic Science Laboratory that the firing mechanism of the
    country-made pistol was not in working order and no opinion could
    be formed regarding the linkage of the pistol with the crime in
F   question, the prosecution story, as narrated by chance witnesses
    was highly doubtful - Apart from this, though the motive of crime is
    not necessarily required to be proved, but in the case like the present
    one where the appellants are named 011 suspicion by informant, the
    motive appears to be relevant fact - Informant simply mentioned
    that the deceased had asked the two accused to waive of the
G
    remaining amount of ( 2501- from the loan of ( 10,0001- taken by
    his neighbour but the same would not appear to be a convincing
    motive to commit the crime by the accused - The said neighbour
    was not examined by prosecution - Even otherwise, in the FIR it
    was nowhere mentioned why actually deceased had gone in his
H   separate scooter with the two accused from his house - Prosecution
                                   882
 PAWAN @ RAJINDER SINGH AND ANOTHER v. STATE OF                        883
                    HARYANA

failed to prove the charge of offence punishable u/ss.302134 against   A
the two accused - Both the accused are acquitted of the charges.·
      All.owing the appeal, the Court
      HELD: 1. It is a case of circumstantial evidence but for the
evidence of two chance witnesses, namely PW-4 and PW-5. The
incident is said to have occurred near Air Force ground. The            B
complainant (PW-6), his brother (deceased) and the two accused/
appellants were residents of N.I.T., Faridabad. It is not clear
from the record as to how these chance witnesses (PW-4 and
PW-5) who have stated that they heard altercation between the
deceased and the two accused after midnight and thereafter heard
sound of fire, knew them. The testimony of these witnesses cannot       c
be said to be reliable or trustworthy particularly w.hen their
statements are not corroborated from other evidence on record.
The conclusions of the examination conducted in the Forensic
Science Laboratory was that the firing mechanism of the
countrymade pistol was not in working order. Further, it ~lated         D
that scientifically, the time of its last firing cannot be given and
therefore/ no opinion could be formed regarding the linkage of
the pistol with the crime in question. In view of the conclusions
given by Forensic Science Laboratory, the prosecution story, as
narrated by PW-4 and PW-5 was highly doubtful. [Paras 8, 9]
[886-H; 887-A-B, EJ                                                     E
      2. Apart from this, though the motive of crime is not
necessarily required to be proved, but in the case like the present
one where the appellants are named on suspicion by informant
PW-6 in the First Information Report (which does not contain
names of PW-4 and PW-5 as witnesses who had seeri the                   F
occurrence), the motive appears to be relevant fact. PW-6 has
simply mentioned that the deceased had asked the two accused
to waive of the remaining amount of~ 250/- from the loan of
~ 10,000/- taken by his neighbour but the same does not appear
to be a convincing motive to commit the crime by the appellants.
                                                                        G
Prosecution did not examine the said neighbour if he had taken
loan of~ 10,000/- and paid off the same minus the amount~ 250/-.
Even otherwise, in the I<'irst Information Report it was nowhere
 mentioned why actually (deceased) had gone in his separate
 scooter with the two appellants from his house. [Paras 10, 11]
 [887-F-H; 881!-AJ                                                      H
884            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [201 7] 2 S.C.R.


A           3. The trial court as well as the High Court had erred in law
      in holding that the charge against the two accused stood proved.
      The prosecution has failed to prove the charge of offence
      punishable nuder Section 302/34 IPC against the two accused.
      The charge of offence punishable under Se.ction 25 of the Arms
      Act, 1959 against accused 'A' was also not proved beyond
B
      reasonable doubt. [Paras 12, 13) [888-A-C]
           CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
      2194of2014.
            From the Judgment and Order dated 02.04.2014 of the High Court
c     of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Criminal Appeal No. D-391-
      DB of2002.
            Basant R., Sr. Adv.. Sunny Choudhary, Arun Boomulli, Advs. for
      the Appellants.
             Anil Grover, AAG., Ms. Noopur Singhal, Sanjay Kr. Visen, Ad vs.
D     for the Respondent.
            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
            PRAFULLA C. PANT, J. I. This appeal is directed against
      judgment and order dated 02.04.2014, passed by the High Court of Punjab
      and Haryana in Criminal Appeal No. D-391-DB of2002 whereby said
E
      Court has dismissed the appeal affirming the conviction and sentence
      under Section 302/3 4 !PC, against accused/appellants Pawan @ Raj inder
      Singh andAjit@Dara Singh, recorded by the Additional Sessions Judge,
      Fast Track Court No. I, Faridabad. The High Court has further affirmed
      the conviction and sentence recorded against accused/appellant Ajit@
F     Dara Singh under Section 25 of the Arms Act, 1959. .
             2. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record
      of the case.
             3. Prosecution story, in brief, is that Deepak (deceased) was elder
      brother of PW-6 Amit Kumar (complainant). Amit Kumar had a business
G     of selling flowers, and his elder brother used to do the delivery work.
      The.ir neighbour Gola (not examined) had taken a loan of~ I 0,000/- on
      interest from accused Pawan, and he (the debtor) had returned the same
      except~ 250/-. On 09.11.2000 at about 8.30 p.m. accused Pawan@
      Rajinder Singh and his cousin accused Ajit@ Dara Singh demanded
H     remaining~ 250/- from Gola to which the deceased requested them to
  PAWAN@ RAJINDER SINGH AND ANOTHER v. STATE OF                               -885
         HARYANA [PRAFULLA C. PANT, J.]

waive the said amount due to which some altercation took place between A
the deceased and the two accused. About half an hour thereafter both
the accused came back on a scooter, and Deepak (deceased) also left
with them but on his separate scooter bearing registration No. HR 51 E- ·
4749. Deepak did not return till late night. On this, PW-6 Amit Kumar
and his father Ram Nath started search for him. In the next morning
                                                                           B
they came to know that dead body of a person is lying near Air Force
ground. Both, father and son went there and saw that .it was the dead
body .ofDeepak. Suspecting that appellants Pawan@ Rajinder Singh
and Ajit@ Dara Singh had con1mitted the murder, a report (Ex PE-I)
was given to the police in the early hours of 10.1 I .2000 mentioPingtheir
names. On the basis of said report, First Information Report No. 803 c
dated I 0.11.2000 (Ex.PK) was registered at Police Station, N.l.T.,
Faridabad.
        4. Investigation was initiated by PW-9 ASI Jai Singh, and later
 PW-12 Inspector Raj Pal Singh took over the same. PW-9 AS! Jai ·
 Singh, after taking the dead body in his possession, got the inquest report D
 (Ex. PL-I) and site plan (Ex.PM) prepared. An empty cartridge was
 also recovered from the place of incident. PW-12 Inspector Raj Pal
 Singh, Investigating Officer got sent the empty cartridge to Forensic
 Science Laboratory for examination. He also took the blood stained
·earth from the spot. He interrogated the witnesses. Meanwhile, PW-I
 Dr. D.S . Rathi, along with Dr. Sunita Gupta and Dr. P.S. Yadav, conducted E
 the post mortem examination on 10.11.2000 at about 5.00 p.m. In the·
 autopsy report (Ex. PL) following ~nte mortem injury is mentioned: -
       "A circularcircumscri/Jedwound 2.5 c.m. x 2.5 c.m. in diameter
       and 2 c.in. from middle of chest on left side at level of I 0'" rib.
       On probing going downward posteriorly, blackening and                    F
      ·singeing present around the wound, margins inverted. On
       examination few pellets found embedded, underneath the skin
       and soft tissues. On dissection the pleural cavity contained
       blood. A few metallic pellets found inside in left chest and
       pleural cavity, removed. On further dissection hole in stomach           G
       also present. On further examination a foreign body of
       rounded shape 2. c.m. in size was found and removed. The
        pellets and the foreign body sealed in a vial. "
        5. During investigation, the Investigating Officer arrested both
 the accused, and on their disclosure scooter bearing registration No. HR
                                                                                H
886            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           (2017] 2 S.C.R.


A   51 C 1609 was recovered from their house. The prosecution case is
    that a country made pistol was also recovered on the disclosure statement
    (Ex. PK) made by accused Ajit@ Dara Singh. A broken butt of the
    pistol was said to have been found from the place of incident. After
   .completion of investigation charge sheet was filed by the Investigating
B . Officer against both the accused.
           6. On committal, after framing charge, the trial court recorded
    evidence. Prosecution got examined PW-I Dr. D.S. Rathi, PW-2 MMHC
    Hari Chand, P_W-3 Constable Manoj Kumar, PW-4 Pappu, PW-5
    Surender Singh, PW-6 Amit Kumar, PW-7 Ram Nath, PW-8 Constable
    Ash Mohd., PW-9AS1 Jai Singh, PW-IOASIAmi Lal, PW-I I Naimuddin
C · and PW-12 Inspector Raj Pal Singh. After putting the documentary and
    oral evidence under Section 313 Cr.P.C. to the accused persons, the trial
    court found both the accused guilty of charge of offence punishable
    under Section 302/34 IPC. Accused Ajit @ Dara Singh was further
    found guilty of charge of offence punishable under Section 25 of Arms
D Act, 1959. They were awarded sentence, as already mentioned above.
             7. On appeal by the convicts, High Court agreed with the findings
      of the trial court and dismissed the appeal. Hence this appeal before us
      through special leave.
              8. At the outset, we would like to mention that in substance it is a
E     case of circumstantial evidence but for the evidence of two chance
      witnesses, namely PW-4 Pappu and PW-5 Surender Singh. PW-4 Pappu
      is a rikshaw puller who is resident of Sant Nagar Jhuggi in Farida&ad.
      PW-5 Surender Singh, a three wheeler driver, is resident of Railway
      Colony, Old Faridabad, It is relevai1t to mention here that the incident is
F     said to have occurred near Air Force ground. It is further relevant to
      mention that the complainant Amil" Kumar (PW-6), his brother Deepak
      (deceased) and the-two accused/appellants are residents of N.l.T.,
      Faridabad. It is not clear from the record as to how these chance
      witnesses (PW-4 Pappu and PW-5 Surender Singh) who have stated
      that they heard altercation between the deceased and the two accused
G     after midnight and thereafter heard· sound of fire, knew them .. In our
      opinion, the testimony of these witnesses cannot be said to be reliable· or
      trustworthy particularly when their statements are not corroborated from
      other evidence on record .
           . 9. Now, we come to the report of the Forensic Science Laboratory.
H     The conclusions of the examination conducted in the Forcensic Science
 PA WAN @ RAJINDER SINGH AND ANOTHER v. STATE OF                            887
          HARYANA [PRAFULLA C. PANT, J.]

Laboratory, Haryana, Madhuban, Karna\, are ·reproduced below from           A
Ex. PF: -

                              "RESULT

      (I) The countrymade pistol marked W/I (chambered for I 2 bore
          cartridges) is a firearm as defined in Arms Act 54 of 1959.        B
          Its firing mechanism was not found in working order.

      (2) The countrymade pistol marked WII had been fired through.
          However, scientifically, the time of its last firing cannot be
          given.
                                                                             c
      (3) The percussion cap of cartridge case marked C/l 0n which
          firing pin marks appear due to firing was found missing.
          Moreover, the firing mechanism of pistol WII was not found
          in working order. Therefore. no opinion could be formed
          regarding the linkage ofCll in respect of pistol W/I.
                                                                             D
      (4) One wooden piece and two metallic strips contained in parcel
       · No. ·m could form part of countrymade pistol contained in
          parcel No. VIII.

                                                   (Emphasis supplied)
                                                                             E
       In view of the conclusions given by Forensic Science Laboratory
on points (I), (2) and. (3), quoted above, we are of the view that the
prosecution story, as narrated by PW4 Pappu and PW-5 Surender Singh,
is highly doubtful.
      J 0. Apart from this, though the motive of crime is not necessarily    F
required to be. proved, but in the case like the present one where the
appellants are named on suspicion by informant PW-6 Amit Kumar in
the First Information Report (which does not contain names of PW4
Pappu and PW-5 Surender Singh as witnesses who had seen the
occurrence), the motive appears to be relevant fact. PW-6 Amit Kumar
has simply mentioned that the deceased had asked the two accused to          G
waive of the remaining amount of~ 250/- from the loan of~ 10,000/-
taken by Gola but the same does not appear to be a convincing motive to
 commit the crime by the appellants. Prosecution has not examined Gola
 if he had taken loan of~ I 0,000/- and paid off the same minus the
 amount~ 250/-.
                                                                             H
888               SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           (2017] 2 S.C.R.


A             11.- Even otherwise; in the First Information Report it is nowhere
      . mentioned why actually Deepak (deceased) had gone in his separate
        scooter with the two appellants from his house.
             12. For the reasons, as discussed above, we find that the trial
      ·court as well as the High Court has erred in law in holding that the
B      charge against the two accused stood proved.
              13. In the light of appreciation of evidence, as above, we are of
       the opinion that the prosecution has failed to prove the charge of offence
       punishable under Section 302/34 !PC against the two accused. We
       further hold that the charge of offence punishable under Section 25 of
c      the,Arms Act, 1959 against accused Ajit@Dara Singh is also not proved
       beyond reasonable doubt. Accordingly, the appeal deserves to be allowed.
             14. The appeal is allowed. Both the ac.cused, namely Pawan@
       Rajinder Singh and Ajit@ Dara Singh, are acquitted of the charges.
       The appellants shall be set at liberty forthwith if not required in conn~ction
o      with any other case.


       Devika Gujral                                                   Appeal allowed.