PASHORA SINGH AND ANR.versusSTATE OF PUNJAB

A                        PASHORA SINGH AND ANR.
                                          v.
                               STATE OF PUNJAB

                                 OCTOBER 9, 1992
B
                  [KULDIP SINGH AND N.M. KASLIWAL, JJ.]


           Indian Penal Code, 1860:

           Sections 307, 447, 326, 324, 323 r/w S.~ccused charged with inf/ict-
C ing injuries on two person.......Convicted on some charges, but given benefit of
    probation-On appeal High Court sentencing them to 3 years rigorous im-
    prisonment and fine-During pendency of further appeal one accused
    died-In respect of other accused sentence reduced to rigorous imprisonment
    for the period already undergone.
D
            The appellant and his brother were tried for offences under S.307,
    447, 326, 324, 323 r/w S.34 IPC for lnOictlng Injuries on two persons. The
    Trial Court found that charges under Ss.307 and 326 were not established.
    The Trial Court however found the accused guilty of having committed the
    other offences charged with. Since the accused were not previous convicts,
E   they were granted the benefit of probation under S.360 Cr.P.C. Against the
    Trial Court judgment, the State preferred an appeal and the complainant
    Died a IRevlsion, and the High Court found both the accused guUty of
    having •committed offencos under S.307 r/w.S.34 IPC for inOlctlng Injuries
    on one of the two victims. It also affirmed the conviction of the two accused
F   under ,Sections 447 and 324 IPC. Taking Into consideration the fact that
    the ac,cused bad undergone the agony of trial for more than one year and
    that tlae appeal against their acquittal remained pending in the High Court
    for a 1bout 8 years, the High Court sentenced the two accused to undergo
    rig01rous Imprisonment for three years and to pay a One of Rs.3000 each
    under Ss.307 & 34 IPC. They were also further sentenced to rigorous
G   imrprlsonment for three months and the second appellant was sentenced
    to undergo rigorous imprisonment for six months under S.324 !PC.

           Being aggrieved by the judgment of the High Court, the two accused
     •preferred the present appeal by special leave. During the pendency of the
H    appeal, the second appellant died and his appeal abated.
                                          924
                PASHORASINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                         925

      Partly allowing the appeal or the other accused, this. Court,            A
       HELD: 1.1. In the facts and circumstances or the case,.llll offence
under Section 307 or the Indian Penal Code Is established against the first
appellant. According to the statement of one or the Injured himself, the
first appellant had first given a Gandasa blow on right knee of the other
Injured person. The second appellant then gave Gandasa blow from the           B
reverse side. The witness further stated that be raised on alarm and tried
to Intervene, when the second appellant gave two Gandasa blows to him.
The first appellant also gave a Gandasa blow on his head. According to
him two Injuries on his head were lnfilcted by the second appellant and
the third one by the first appellant. It ls an admitted case of the prosecu·   C
lion that the accused persons had a grievance against the victim and his
uncle for having launched some security proceedings against the accused
persons and they had come with an Intention of taking revenge.
                                                        [928 G-H; 929 A·B]
       1.2. Admittedly, the injuries are found to be simple in nature and      D
this clearly goes to establish that the accused persons had no intention or
causing death of any of the two persons. In the circumstances, the High
Court was not right in holding that the accused had an Intention to cause
the death of one of the victims or the knowledge of his possible death. Only
injury No.1 on the head of one of the victims has been described as
dangerous to life and the High Court has itself recorded a finding that the    E
previous litigation between the parties had no.thing to do with that victim
and It was not established as to which of the two accused had infticted
injury No.1: on his Head. Thus, the first appellant had not committed any
offence under Section 307 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code.
He can only be found guilty for an offence under Section 326 read with         F
Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. [929 C·F)

       2. The appellant is a cultivator and has already suffered the agony
of the case In the Trial Court for more than one year and for more than
10 years in the High Court and this Court. The co-accused, the real brother
of the. appellant, died on 30.1.1992. The burden of looking after the widow G
and three minor children Of the CO·aCCUSed has fallen OD the shoulders of
the appellant apart from the burden of his own wife and three minor
children. He has remained lo jail for 52 days during the trial and is now
continuing in jail after having surrendered on 28.2.1992 during the pen·
dency of the appeal before this Court. Thus, taking in view the entire facts H
    926                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1992] SUPP. l S.C.R.

A   and c:lrcumstances of the case, justice would be met If the appellant Is
    awarded a sentence of Imprisonment of the period already undergone by
    him for the olrence under Sections 326/34 of the Indian Penal Code and a
    One of Rs. 3000. [929 G-H; 930 A-BJ

          CRIMINAL APPELL.ATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
B 593 of 1992.
         From the Judgment and Order dated 9.5.91 of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court in Crl. A. No.188·DBN83.

          Rajinder Sachhar and Sanjay Parikh for the Appellants.
c
          Ms. Arnita Gupta and R.S. Suri for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          KASLIWAL, J. Special leave granted.
D
           Pashora Singh and Lahora Singh, two brothers were tried for offen-
    ces under Sections 307/447/3'1.fJ/324/323 read with Section 34 of the Indian
    Penal Code for inflicting injuries on Amar Singh and Pal Singh on
    27.8.1981. The Learned Trial Judge held that charges under Sections 307
E   and 3'1.fJ were not established. The Trial Judge found both the accused
    guilty for the offences under Sections 447, 324 and 323 of the Indian Penal
    Code. As the accused were not previous convicts, they were granted the
    benefit of probation under Section 360 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

          The State of Punjab filed an appeal and the Complainant filed a
F revision in the High Court against the aforesaid order of the Trial Judge.
   The High Court found both the accused persons guilty for offence under
   Section 307 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code for injuries
    inflicted. on Pal Singh. The· High Court also affirmed the conviction of the
    accused persons under Sections 447 and 324 of the Indian Penal Code. The
    High Court took into consideration the fact that the occurrence had taken
G · place as back as .on 27.8.1981 and the accused had undergone the agony
    of trial for more than a year before the Trial Court and the appeal against
    their acquittal remained pending in the High Court for the last eight years,
    as such sentenced .both the accused to undergo rigorous imprisonment for
    three years and to pay a fine of Rs.3,000 each under Sections 307/34 of the
H Indian Penal Code. The High Court directed that out of the fine, if realised,
       PASHORASINGH v.STATEOFPUNJAB[KASLIWAL,J.]                       927

Rs.4,000 be paid to Pal Singh injured and Rs.2,000 to Amar Singh injured     A
by way of compensation. Both the accused were further sentenced to
undergo rigorous imprisonment for three months under Section 447 and so
far as Pashora Singh is concerned, he was also sentenced to undergo
rigorous imprisonment for six months under Section 324 of the Indian
Penal Code. All the substantive sentences of imprisonment were ordered       B
to run concurrently.

      Aggrieved against the judgment of the High Court, this appeal by
grant of special leave has been filed by the accused persons. During the
pendency of appeal, Lahora Singh died on 30th January, 1992. Thus, the
appeal of Lahora Singh Stands dismissed as having abated.                    C
       We have heard Mr. Rajinder Sachar, Learned Senior Advocate on
behalf of the appellant Pashora Singh and the Learned Counsel of the State
of Punjab. We have gone through the judgments of the High Court and the
Trial Judge and have perused the record. So far as the incident and the
inflicting of injuries by the two accused persons on Amar Singh and Pal· D
Singh_ has been found established by the Trial Judge and affirmed by the
High Court and the same does not call for. any interference. The only
question which calls for consideration is as to what offence has been
committed by Pashora Singh and what sentence has to be awarded to him
to meet the ends of justice.                                               E

      According to the findings recorded by the High Court on the basis
of the statement of Pal Singh injured, the accused Lahora Singh gave two
Gandasa blows to Pal Singh on his head and Pashora Singli gave another
Gandasa blow on his head. PW.1 Dr. Subhash Mittal, Medical Officer, Civil
Hospital, Moga recorded the following injuries on Pal Singh:-                F
         '(1) Incised wound 4 112" x 112" on the left side of scalp
       · 'from tnidline 2 112' behind the anterior hair line oblique
         in direction, underlying bone was cut, through and
         through. A chip of bone from the cut bone was lying
         separate which was sent to the Police in a sealed vial.
                                                                             G
         Fresh bleeding was present.

        (2) Incised would 3" x 112" x bone deep on the left sid.e of
        the scalp. 1" from the injury No.1, 2 112" above the left
        pinna 2 1)2" from anterior hair-line. Fresh bleeding was             H
    928                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1992] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A           present oblique in direction.

            (3) Incised would 1 1/2" x 1/2" on the right side of scalp
            2' from midline 1" from anterior hair line. Fresh bleeding
            was present oblique.

B           (4) Incised would 2" x 1/2" on the back and medial aspect
            of left hand, at the base of left little finger. Advised X-ray.
            Fresh bleeding was present.

            (5) Incised would 112" x 1/4" on the front on left shoulder.
            Skin deep."
c
           The doctor stated that injury No. was declared dangerous to life and
    injuries Nos. 2, 3, and 5 were simple in nature while injury No.4 was kept
    under observation. The Trial Judge arrived at the conclusion that the
    doctor had not stated that injury No.l on the person of Pal Singh was
D   sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature and had simply
    deposed that the injury No.1 was dangerous to life and as such no offence
    is proved to have been committed under Section 307 of the. Indian Penal
    Code by Pashora Singh. The High Court on the other hand took the view
    that it was established by the prosecution evidence that Pal Singh received
E   three injuries on his head. Underneath one of the injuries on the left scalp,
    underlying bone was cut through and through. This injury according to the
    doctor could prove dangerous· to his life. The order two head injuries of
    Pal Singh were also incised wounds. The High Court though observed that
    it would be difficult to hold as to which of the two accused caused grievous
    injuries on the head yet both the accused had come together to the spot
F   armed with Gandasas and both the accused had given three repeated blows
    on the head of Pal Singh and as such they had acted in furtherance of their
    common intention of causing the death of Pal Singh and as such they were
    liable for an offence under Section 307 read with Section 34 of the Indian
    Penal Code.

G         In our view, in the facts and circumstances of the case, no offence
    under Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code is held established against the
    appellant Pashora Singh. According to the statement of Pal Singh injured
    himself, Pashora Singh had first given a Gandasa blow on right knee of
    Amar Singh. Lahora Smgh then gave Gandasa blow on the right hand of
H   Amar Singh from the reverse side. Pal Singh thereafter states that he raised
        PASHORASINGH v.STATEOFPUNJAB[KASLIWAL,J.)                     929

an alarm and tried to intervene, when Lahora Singh gave two Gandasa A
blows to him. Pashora Singh also gave a Gandasa blow on his head.
According to the above statement of Pal Singh, two injuries on his head
were inflicted by Lahora Singh and the third one by Pashora Singh. It is
an admitted case of the prosecution that the accused persons had a
grievance against Amar Singh and his uncle Malkiat Singh for having B
launched some security proceedings against the accused persons and they
had come with an intention of taking revenge from ~ar Singh ·and
Malkiat Singh. According to the statement of Pal Singh, Pashora Sfagh
had given a Gandasa blow on the right knee of Amar Singh and Lahora
Singh also gave a Gandasa blow on the right hand of Amar Singh from the
reverse side. Admittedly, the injuries on Amar Singh are found to be simple C
in nature and this clearly goes to eatablish that the accused persons had
no intention of causing death of aoy person nor any injuries found on Pal
Singh were stated to be sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause
death. According to Pal Singh, when he raised ao alarm aod tried to
intervene, Lahora Singh inflicted two· Gaodasa blows aod Pashora Singh D
gave third blow on his head aod thereafter the accused persons ran away.
In the circumstances mentioned above, we are clearly of the view that the
High Court was not right in holding that the accused had ao intention to
cause the death of Pal Singh or the knowledge of possible death of Pal
Singh. Only injury No.1 on the head of Pal Singh has been described as
daogerous to life aod the High Court has itself rec9rded a finding that the E
previous litigation between the parties had nothing to do with Pal Singh
and it was not established as to which of the two accused had inflicted
injury No.l on the head of Pal Singh. Thus, in the above facts it cannot be
held that Pashora Singh had committed aoy offence under Section 307 read
with Section 34 of the Indiao Penal Code. The appellaot Pashora Singh in F
the facts aod circumstaoces of the case can only be held guilty for an
offence under Section 326 read with Section 34 of the Indiao Penal Code.

      So far as the question of sentence is concerned, the incident had
taken place as far back as on 27.8.1981. The accused is a cultivator and has G
already suffered the agony of the case of the Trial Court for more than one
year and for more thao 10 years in the High Court and this Court. The
co-accused Lahora Singh, the real brother of Pashora Singh has died on
30.1.1992. It has been submitted that the burden of looking after the widow
and three minor children of Lahora Singh has fallen on the shoulders of
Pashora Singh apart from the burden of his own wife aod three minor H
    930                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1992] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A children. Pashora Singh has remained in jail for 52 days during the trial
    and is now continuing in jail after having surrendered on 28.2.1992 during
    the pendency of the appeal before this Court. Thus, taking in view the
    entire facts and circumstances of the case, we consider that justice would
    be met if the accused - appellant - Pashora Singh is awarded a sentence of
    imprisonment of the period already undergone by him for the offence
B   under Sections 326/34 of the Indian Penal Code.

           In the result, we allow this appeal in part, set aside the conviction
    and sentence of the appellant under Sections 307/34 and instead convict
    him for the offence under Sections 326/34 of the Indian Penal Code and
C   award a sentence of ·imprisonment for the period already undergone by
    him and to pay a fine of Rs.3,000. In default of payment of fine to undergo
    further rigorous imprisonment for six months. Out of the aforesaid fine, if
    realised, an amount of Rs.2,000 shall be paid to Pal Singh and Rs.1,000 to
    Amar Singh by way of compensation. The conviction and sentence for
    other offences as awarded by the High Court is maintained. However, as
D   the other sentences of imprisonment awarded to the accused - appellant
    have been ordered to run concurrently and such period is already covered
    in the period of imprisonment already undergone by the appellant, he
    would be released forthwith.

    G.N.                                                 Appeal partly allowed.