NELSON MOTISversusUNION OF INDIA AND ANR.

                            NELSON MOTJS                                       A
                                    v.
                     UNION OF INDIA AND ANR.

                          SEPTEMBER 2, 1992

         (LALIT MOHAN SHARMA, M.M. PUNCHHI AND                                 B
                  YOGESHWAR DAYAL, JJ.]

      Civil Services-Criminal case and depanmental disciplinary proceed-
ing-Distinction-Acquittal in criminal case whether conclude disciplinary
proceeding.                                                                    C
     Interpretation of Statutes-Construction-Words clear and free from
vagueness-Artificial rule of lnterpretatiort-Not applicable.

      Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules,
1965---fl.ule 10(4).                                                           D
       Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules,
 1965---fl.ule 10(3) and (4)-Language--Comparison of-Words clear and free
from vagueness-Artificial rule of interpretatiort-Not applicable.

      Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules,       E
1965---fl.ule 10(3) and (4)-0bject and applicability of-Whether Rule 10(4)
unconstitutional-Automatic suspension in sub-rule (4)-Scope of-Held,
employee entitled to salary for the period, allowed to discharge his duties.

      A disciplinary p.-oceedlng was initiated against the appellant - a
Government servant - on the basis of several charges, and an inquiry was       F
conducted. The Inquiry Officer submitted a report holding that the char-
ges were proved. Accepting the report, the disciplinary authority passed
an order of removal of the appellant from service, which was confirmed in
the departmental appeal.
                                                                               G
      The appellant challenged the order of punishment by an application
before the Central Administrative Tribunal. Before the Tribunal, it was
contended that since a copy of the inquiry report was not served, the
proceeding got vitiated In law.

      The Tribunal allowed the application, setting aside the penalty and      H
                                  325
                          SUPREMI! COURT REl'Dll,TS(l99~] SUPP. 1 s.c.R,.

A !llrected relnsta!e!11ent or !lie ap!'l'!lant, and observed that It would be
    ope11 to !lie &utliorltles concerped to tak!> Pp tlie procee!llngs 11fresli,
    m1Iess they chose to drop !he sa!De. It fll11her observed lh&t the fact of
    appel1&11t's &cqulltal In a crlmln&I cas• wblcb was stal1ed a1111h1st lilm oil
    the l»lsls or !be same charges, be abo kept In view, while decldlng wlletber
B   the proceedlngs be dropped or not.

          Respondent No.2, considered the matter, ordered continuance of the
    dlclpllnary proceedlng, and held that In view of sub-rule (4) of Rule 10 of
    C.C.S. (C.C.A) Rules, 1965 the appellant be deemed to have been under
    suspension with effect from 4.2.1984, the date on which be was removed
C   from service.

          The aforesaid order was challenged by the appellant by a fresh
    application before the Tribunal, contendlng that the order was bad, be·
    cause of appellant's acquittal In the criminal case, and that sub-rule (4)
    to Rule 10 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and
D   Appeal) Rules, 1965 was ultra vires Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution
    of Indla.

          The Tribunal dlsmissed the application as also an application for
    review.

E         The appellant appealed by special leave to this Conrt and contended
    that for the purpose of disciplinary proceedings, the cases governed by
    snb·rules (3) and (4) of Rule 10 cannot be dlvided Into two separate
    classes, and subjected to differential treatment; that the appellant who
    was not under suspension earlier, could not be treated to have been placed
F   under suspension, when bis petition was allowed by the Tribunal; and that
    sub-rule(4) of the Rule 10 was unconstitutional.

          Dismissing the appeal of the employee, this Court,

          HELD: 1.01. The nature and scope of a criminal case are very
G different from those of a departmental dlsclpllnary proceeding and an
    order of acquittal, therefore, cannot conclude the departmental proceed·
    Ing. (330-E]

          1.02. In the Instant case, the acts which led to the initiation of the
    departmental disciplinary proceeding were not exactly the same which
H   were the subject matter of the criminal case. [330-E]
                         NELSON MOTIS v. P.O.!.                             327

       im, !f !I!@ worc!s of a ~!!ll!!le are clear a!lc! free from allY vag11e11ess A
a!!ll are, therefore, reasonably susceptible to o!llY one mean!llg, It must be
~Ol!stnml giving ell\lct to tl!at meaning, Irrespective of consequences.

                                                                        [332·J>J

      2.02. The language of sub·rule (4) of Rule 10 of the Central Civil           B
Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965 Is absolutely
clear and does not permit any artlftclal rule of Interpretation to be ap·
piled. It Is precise and unambiguous and, therefore, bas to be understood
In the natural and ordinary sense. (332 B·C]

       2.03. The comparison of the language of sub-rule (4) with that of C
sub-rule (3) re-inforces the conclusion that sub-rule (4) bas to be under-
stood In the natnral sense. It will be observed that In sub-nile (3) the
reference is to 'a Government servant under suspension' while the words
'under suspension' Is omitted In sub- rule (4). Also ~uh-rule (3) directs
Iha~ !)II the order of punishment being set aside, 'the order of bis suspen- D
sio'! shall be deemed to have continued in force' but In sub-rule (4) it bas
beep said that 'the Government servant shall be deemed to have been
pla!'!'d under suspension'. (332-F]

       ·2.04. The departure made by the author In the language of sub-rule
(4) frnm that of sub-rule (3) is conscious and there Is no scope for               E
attr!l/11""8 the artificial and strained meaning thereto. (332-G]

      2.05. As a result of sub-rule (4), a Government servant, though not
earlier under suspension, shall also be deemed to have been placed under
suspension by the Appointing Authority from the date of the original
order of dismissal, provided of course, that the other conditions men-              F
tioned therein are satisfied. (332-H, 333-AJ

      State of Uttar Pradesh v. Dr. Vijay Anand Maharaj, (19631 1 S.C.R.,
referred to.
                                                                                   G
      3.01. The classification of the two categories In sub-rules (3) and (4)
of Rule 10 Is founded on intelligible dilTerentia, having a rational relation
to the object ofthe Rules, and Rule 10(4) has to be held as constitutionally
valid. (334-E]

      3.02. Sub-rule (3) Is attracted only to those cases of dismissal etc., H
    328                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS[1992] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A where the penalty is set aside under the Rules, and the case is remitted for
    further enquiry or action accordance with the direction. [333-D]

           3.03. Sub-rule (3) of Rule 10 is applicable to the groups of cases,
    where the interference with the penalty is connected with the merits of the
    charge against the Government servant. On the setting aside of the order
B   of punishment in such a case, the finding against the Government servant
    disappears and he is restored to the earlier position. Consequently, only
    if he was under suspension earlier, he will be deemed to have continued so
    with effect from the date of the order of dismissal. (333-G]

c sub-rule
        3.04. On the other hand, the second category of cases attracting
            (4) is entirely on a different footing, Sub· rule (4) governs only
    such cases where there is an interference by a Court of Jaw purely on
    technical grounds without going into the merits of the case. (334-A]

          3.05. In cases governed by the C.C.S. (C.C.A.) Rules, a court oflaw does
D not proceed lo examine the correctness of the findings of the disciplinary
    authority by a reconsideration of the evidence. Unless some error oflaw or of
    principle is discovered, a court oflaw does not ordinarily substitute its own
    view on the evidence. The scope of the sub-rule, for the purpose of automatic
    suspension has been further limited by the proviso. [334·8]

E         3.06. The cases which attract snb·rule (4), are those where the
    penalty imposed on the Government servant Is set aside on technical
    grounds not touching the merits of the case. Since at one stage the
    disciplinary authority records a finding on the charges against the
    Government servant, which is not upset on merits, the situation is entirely
F   different from that in the cases covered by sub-rule (3). (334 D·E]

           3.07. The appellant will have to be paid his salary for the period
    1.10.1988 to 22.2.1989 as he was allowed to join his post and discharge his
    duties during this period, and the respondents are directed to make
    necessary payments after adjusting any amount, which might have already
G   been paid within a period of two months from the date of judgment, failing
    which the amount will carry interest at the rate of 12% per annum with
    effect from 1st of November 1992 till payment. (336-B]

          Khem Chand v. Union of India, [1963] Supp. 1 S.C.R. 229, explained.
H                                                                         [334-F]
                NELSON MOTIS v. U.0.1. [SHARMA, J.]                       329

     Divisional Personnel Officer, Western Railway, Kota v. Sunder Dass,          A
[1982) 1 S.C.R. 937, distinguished. (335-F)

      Shri N. V. Karwarkar v. The Administrator of Goa, Daman and Dieu
and others, A.T.R. (1988) 2 C.A.T. 232, referred to. (335-H)

      CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 3516of1992.                  B
      From the Judgment and Order dated 31.1.91 of the Central Ad·
ministrative Tribunal, New Bombay in R.P.No. 80/90 in O.A. No. 631of1989.

      Mrs. Sheela Goyal and A.K. Goyal for the Appellant.
                                                                                  c
      V.R. Reddy, Additional Solicitor General, A.K. Srivastava, Narasim·
ha P.S. and Ms. Sushma Suri for the Respondents.

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      SHARMA, J. Special leave is granted.                                        D
       2. The main question which has been raised in this appeal relates to the
interpretation and scope of Rule 10(4) of the Central Civil Services (Clas·
sification Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965, and its consequent validity.

      3. A disciplinary proceeding was initiated against the appellant on E
the basis of several charges and an inquiry was conducted. The Inquiry
Officer submitted a report holding that the charges had been proved. The
report was accepted by the disciplinary authority who passed an order of
removal of the appellant from service on 4.2.1984. The order was confirmed
in departmental appeal. The appellant, thereafter, challenged the order of F
punishment by an application before the Central Administrative Tribunal
which was registered as OA No. 401 of 1987. It was contended that since
a copy of the inquiry report had not been served on the appellant, the
proceeding got vitiated in law. Relying upon an earlier Full Bench decision
of the Tribunal the plea was accepted and the application was allowed
setting aside the penalty and directing reinstatement of the appellant with G
the observations that it would be open to the authorities concerned to take
up the proceedings afresh, unless they chose to drop the same. It was also
observed that a crimin"1 case which had been started against the appellant
on the basis of the same charges had concluded in his acquittal and this
fact also shall be kept in view while deciding whether the proceedings H
                           SUPR!lM!l !COURT REPORTS[1992] SUpP, I S,C,lt

A shQ11l<I be !!ropped pr !lo!, The Trib1mal did not express i!s view 011 !lie
    merits of the case against the appella!lt.

         4. The matter was considered by the respondent N(l, 2, who issued an
  order to the effect that the diciplinary proceeding shall be contin11ed and that
  in view of s11b-rule (4) of Rllle 10 of C.C.S. (C.C.A.) Rules, 1965 the appellant
B will be deemed to have been under suspension with effect from 4.2.1984, the
  date on which he was removed from service. This order was challenged by the
  appellant by a fresh application before the Tribunal, registered as OA No.
  631of1989. The continuance of the enquiry was impugned on the ground of
  the appellant's acquittal in the criminal case. So far the question of deemed
C suspension is concerned, it was contended on behalf of the appellant that
  sub-rule (4) to Rule 10 was ultra vires Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution.
  Both the points were rejected by the order of the High Court dated 31.8.1990.
  An application for review was also dismissed on 31.1.1991. In this back-
  ground the appellant bas now come to this Court.

D        5. So far the first point is concerned, namely whether the disciplinary
  ·proceeding could have been continued in the face of the acquittal of the
   appellant in the criminal case, the plea has not substance whatsoever and
   dnes not merit a detailed consideration. The nature and scope of a criminal
   case are very different from those of a departmental disciplinary proceed-
E ing and an order of acquittal, therefore, cannot conclude the departmental
   proceeding. Besides, the Tribunal has pointed out that the acts which led
   to the initiation of the departmental disciplinary proceedings were not
   exactly the same which were the subject matter of the criminal case.

          6. The other question relating to the automatic suspension of the
F   appellant by virtue of Rule 10(4) is a serious one and in order to appreciate
    the argument of the appellant it is necessary to examine both sub-rules (3)
    and (4) of Rule 10, which are quoted below:-

             '(3) Where penalty of dismissal, removal or compulsory
             retirement from service imposed upon a Government ser-
G            vant under suspension is set aside in appeal or on review
             under these rules and the case is remitted for further
             inquiry or action or with any other directions, the order of
             his suspension shall be deemed to have continued in force
             on and from the date of the original order of dismissal,
H            removal or compulsory retirement and shall remain in force
               NELSON MDTIS v, U,Q,J, [SHARMA. J,]




        (4) Where a penalty of dismissal, removal or comp!!lsory
        reitrement from service imposed upon a Government ser·
        vant is set aside or declared or re!lder6d VQid Pi conse-
        quence of or by a decision of a Court of Law and the
        disciplinary authority, on a consideration of the cir·             B
        cumstances of the case, decides to hold a further inquiry
        against him on the allegations on which the penalty of
        dismissal, removal or compulsory retirement was originally
        imposed, the Government servant shall be deemed to have
        been placed under suspension by the Appointing Authority           c
        from the date of the original order of dismissal, removal or
        compulsory retirement and shall continue to remain under
        suspension until further orders:

           Provided that no such further inquiry shall be ordered
                                                                           D
        unless it is intended to meet a situation where the Court
        has passed an order purely on technical grounds without
        going into the merits of the case."

       7. It has been contended on behalf of the appellant that while in a
case governed by sub·rule (3), a Government servant, on the order of his E
punishment by way of dismissal, removal or compulsory retirement from
service being set aside, stands suspended only if he had been under
suspension earlier, sub-rule (4) provides for automatic suspension of a
Government servant, even if he was never under suspension at any point
of time; and this invidious distinction amounts to illegal discrimination F
which renders sub-rule (4) unconstitutional. The argument is that with a
view to save the sub-rule, its application has to be limited to cases in which
the Government servant has been, during the pendency of the disciplinary
proceeding, under suspension. The learned counsel proceeded to say that
the established principle of interpretation favouring reading down of a
statutory provision in order to avoid it being struck down as illegal, is G
applicable to this case. If this is found not possible in view of the clear
language of sub-rule (4), the same should be struck down as unconstitu·
tional. In either event, it should be further held that the appellant, who was
not under suspension earlier, cannot be treated to have been placed under
suspension when his writ petition was allowed by the Tribunal. Reliance H
    332                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS[1992] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A has been placed on the decision of the Central Administrative Tribunal in
  Shri N. V. Karwarkar v. The Administrator of Goa, Daman and Dieu and
  others, A.T.R. (1988) 2 C.A.T. 232. Reference was also made to certain
  observations of this Court in Khem Chand v. Union of India, [1963] Supp.
  1 S.C.R. 229, and Divisional Personnel Officer, Western Railway, Kota v.
B Sunder Dass, [1982] 1 S.C.R. 937.
          8. The language of sub-rule ( 4} of Rule 10 is absolutely clear and
    does not permit any artificial rule of interpretation to be applied. It is well
    established that if the words of a statute are clear and free from any
    vagueness and are, therefore, reasonably suceptible to only one meaning,
C   it must be construed by giving effect to that meaning, irrespective of
    consequences. The language of the sub-rule here is precise and unam-
    biguous and, therefore, has to be understood in the natural and ordinary
    sense. As was observed in innumerable cases in India and in England, the
    expression used in the statute alone declares the intent of the legislature.
D   In the words used by this Court in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Dr. Vijay Anand
    Maharaj, [1963] 1 S.C.R. 1, when the language is plain and unambiguous
    and admits of only one meaning, no question of construction of a statute
    arises, for the act speaks for itself. Reference was also made in the reported
    judgment to Maxwell stating:-

E            "To construction must not, of course, be strained to include
             cases plainly omitted from the natural meaning of the
             words. 11

         The comparison of th~ language with that of sub-rule (3) re-inforces
F the conclusion that sub-rule (4) has to be understood in the natural sense.
  It will be observed that in sub-rule (3) the reference is to "a Government
                               11                 11
  servant under suspension while the words under suspension", is omitted
  in sub-rule (4). Also the sub-rule (3) directs that on the order of punish-
  ment being set aside, "the order of his suspension shall be deemed to have
G continued in force" but in sub-rule (4) it has been said that "the Govern-
  ment servant shall be deemed to have been placed under suspension". The
  departure made by the author in the language of sub-rule (4) from that of
  sub-rule (3) is conscious and there is no scope for attributing the artificial
  and strained meaning thereto. In the circumstances it is not permissible to
  read down the provisions as suggested. We, therefore, hold that as a result
H of sub-rule (4) a Government servant, though not earlier under suspension,
                 NELSON MOTIS v. U.0.1. [SHARMA, J.)                        333

shall also be deemed to have been placed under suspension by the Ap-               A
pointing Authority from the date of the original order of dismissal,
provided of course, that the other conditions mentioned therein are satis-
fied.

       9. The question which next arises for decision is whether as a result of    B
the above interpretation, sub-rule (4) has to be struck down on the ground of
illegal discrimination. It is contended on behalf of the appellant that for the
purpose of disciplinary proceedings, the cases governed by sub-rules (3) and
(4) cannot be divided into two separate classes and subjected to differential
treatment. The point, therefore, is whether the basis of classification of these
two categories bears a rational relationship to the object the purpose of Rule     C
10. In our view the answer is in the affirmative.

      10. Let us examine the circumstances which separate the two
categories of cases to be governed by the two sub-rules. Sub-rule (3) is
attracted only to those cases of dismissal etc. Where the penalty is set aside D
under the C.C.S. (C.C.A.) Rules, and the case is remitted for further
enquiry or action in accordance with the direction. The application is,
therefore, confined to cases where the penalty is set aside by the appellate
authority while hearing a regular appeal under Rule 27 or by the President
exercising the power of revision under Rule 29 or of review under Rule
29A. On all such occasions a reconsideration of the merit of the charge is E
involved. The grounds mentioned in Rule 27 (2) permit the appellate
authority to re-appraise the evidence on the record for examining whether
the findings recorded by the disciplinary authority are warranted by such
evidence. So far non-compliance of a procedural Rule is concerned, the
appellate authority is enjoined, by clause (a) of Rule 27 to consider whether F
such non compliance has resulted in the failure of justice or in the violation
of any constitutional provision, before interfering with the punishment. In
view of its sub-rule (3), the same consideration arise under Rule 29.
Similarly, the provisions of Rule 29A indicate that the power to review can
be exercised by the President only on discovery of such new evidence which G
has the effect of changing the very nature of the case. Sub-rule (3) of Rule
10 is applicable to these groups of cases, where the interference with the
penalty is connected with the merits of the charge against the Government
servant. On the setting aside of the order of punishment in such a case, the
finding against the Government servant disappears and he is restored to
the earlier position. Consequently only if he was under suspension earlier, H
    334                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS(1992] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A he will be deemed to have continued so with effect from the date of the
    order of dismissal. On the other hand, the second category of cases
    attracting sub-rule (4) is entirely on a different footing. Sub-rule ( 4)
    governs only such cases where there is an interference by a court of law
    purely on technical grounds without going into the merits of the case. In
B   cases governed by the C.C.S. (C.C.A.) Rules, a court of law does not
    proceed to examine the correctness of the findings of the disciplinary
    authority by a reconsideration of the evidence. Unless some error of law
    or of principle is discovered, a court of law does not ordinarily substitute
    its own views on the evidence. But the matter does not end there. The
    scope of the sub-rule, for the purpose of automatic suspension has been
C   further limited by the proviso as mentioned earlier in paragraph 6, which
    reads as follows:-

               "Provided that no such further inquiry shall be ordered
            unless it is intended to meet a situation where the Court
            has passed an order purely on technical grounds without
D           going into the merits of the case."

    The cases which attract sub-rule (4), are thus those where the penalty
    imposed on the Government servant is set aside on technical grounds not
    touching the merits of the case. Since at one stage the disciplinary authority
E   records a finding on the charges against the Government servant, which is
    not upset on merits, the situation is entirely different from that in the cases
    covered by sub-rule (3). The classification is thus founded on an intelligible
    differentia, having a rational relation to the object of the Rules and Rule
    10 (4) has to be held as constitutionally valid.
F
           11. The decision of the Constitution Bench in Khem Chand v. Union
    of India, (1%3] Supp. 1 S.C.R. 229, was referre.d to on behalf of both sides.
    This Court was, in that case, dealing with a matter governed by the earlier
    Rules of 1957, but the learned counsel relied upon the decision on the
    ground that the 1957 Rules and the present 1%5 Rules are in pari materia.
G   This is not quite accurate. The main portion of the present sub-rule (4) is
    in identical terms as Rule 12 (4) of 1957 Rules, but the proviso in the
    present sub-rule (4) (quoted above) is an addition which was not there in
    1957 Rules at all. This addition is significant inasmuch as it cuts down the
    scope of the application of automatic suspension, confining it only where
H   the court interfers purely on technical grounds without going into the
                NELSON MOTIS v. U.0.1. [SHARMA, J.]                      335

merits of the case. The decision of this Court upholding the constitutional A
validity of the earlier sub-rule (4) (without proviso) thus goes a long way
to support the case of the respondent, but is of no help at all to the
appellant. The learned counsel for the appellant, has, however, placed
great reliance on the observation in the judgment to the effect that it was
"entirely unlikely however that ordinarily a Government servant will not be B
placed under suspension prior to the date of his dismissal". A close
examination of the judgment clearly shows that on the basis of this obser-
vation, present sub-rule (4) cannot either be struck down as illegal or be
limited in its application only to such cases where the Government servant
has been earlier under suspension. The Court, in the cited case, had, before
rejecting the plea of discrimination, considered the two sub-rules (3) and C
(4) in the light of the other relevant circumstances and the rules, at pages
239 and 240 of the report and had rejected the appellant's argument.
Proceeding further, the observation mentioned above was made in relation
to sub-rule (3) and not sub-rule ( 4). Besides, we cannoUgnore the fact that
the observation was made in respect to Rule 12 (4) of the 1957 Rules which D
did not contain the proviso as in the present sub-rule (4). The learned
counsel for the appellant, next, drew our attention to the fact that Khem
Chand, the appellant in that case, was under suspension earlier, and, on
that basis urged that the case is distinguishable. We do not find any merit
in this suggestion. The decision upholding the validity of sub-rule (4) was
not based on this fact and was arrived at unconditionally and covers the E
present case against the applicant. Finally, the learned counsel for the
appellant contended that Khem Chand's judgment was, in any event, er-
roneous and, therefore, fit to be re-examined by a larger Bench. We have
examined the matter deeply and for the reasons indicated by us in para-
graph 10 above, we do not find any justification for holding that Khem F
Chand's case requires reconsideration.

     12. The case of Divisional Personnel Officer, Western Railway, Kota v.
Sunder Dass, (1982] 1 S.C.R. 937, is again of no help. The facts stated in
the judgment leave no room for doubt that the question which has been
agitated before us did not arise for consideration there, as the Government     G
servant was actually under suspension earlier. Interpreting the relvant rules
of Indian Railway Establishment Code the Supreme Court agreed with the
Deparbnent and allowed the appeal against the Government servant.

      13. So far the judgment of the Central Adminstrative Tribunal in H
    336                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS[l992] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A Karwarkar's case, ATR (1988) 2 C.A.T. 232, is concerned, the decision does
    help the appellant, but for the reasons mentioned by us earlier, we hold
    thal the view of the Tribunal declaring the retrospective operation of Rule
    10 (4) as invalid, is erroneous.

          14. Ii was pointed out by the learned counsel for the appellant that
B in any view of the matter the appellant must be paid his salary for the
    period 1.10.1988 to 22.2.19~9 as he was allowed to join his post and
    discharge his duties during this period. This claim is well founded. The
    appellant will have to be paid for this period and the respondents are
    hereby directed to make necessary payments after adjusting any amount,
C   which might have already been paid within a period of two month from
    today, failing which the amount will carry interest at the rate of 12% per
    annum with effect from 1st of November, 1992 till payment.
          15. Subject to the relief granted in the previous paragraph the appeal
    is dismissed, but in the circumstances without costs.

    V.P.R.                                                   Appeal dismissed.