NAZIM ALI AND ORS.versusANJUMAN ISLAMIA CHHATARPUR AND ORS.

A                            NAZIM ALI AND ORS.
                                         v.
              ANJUMAN ISLAMIA CHHATARPUR AND ORS.

                               FEBRUARY 10, 1999

B           [K. VENKATASWAMI ANDS. RAJENDRA BABU, JJ.]

         Code of Civil Procedure 1908, s. 11-Res judicata-Earlier suit against
  Respondents to declare that they were owners of suit land known as 'Badi
  Takia' decreed by trial court-Respondent No. 1 held to have committed
C trespass by keeping their Tazia on suit land-High Court holding mosque on
  suit land alone to be wakf property and upholding title of appellants to suit
  land-Supreme Court a/finning decree-Subsequent suit by Respondent No.
  1 for declaration that suit land was wakf property dismissed by trial court on
  ground of res judicata-High Court reversing the trial court and decreeing
D suit-Whether subsequent suit baTTed by res judicata-Held, yes.
        Code of Civil Procedure 1908, s. 11-Res Judicata-Agreement between
  Appellants and Respondent No. 1 regarding taking out of Tazia from suit
  land during MuhaTTam-Held earlier proceedings by High Court not to
  operate as estoppel against appellants as regards their title to suit land-High
E Court decreeing subsequent suit by Respondent No. 1 for declaration that suit
  land is wakfproperty relying on agreement-Held, on principle of res judicata
  not open to High Court to re-examine point which stood decided against
  respondent No. 1.

          In 1960 the predecessors-in-interest of the appellants filed a suit
F against respondent No. 1 for a declaration that they were the pwners of the
    suit land known as 'Badi Takia'. The Trial Court decreed the suit and held
    that Respondent No. 1 had committed trespass by keeping their Tazia on
    the suit land. While upholding this decree, the High Court held that the
    mosque on the suit land was alone wakf property, which this Court
G   affirmed.

        Thereafter Respondent No. 1 filed a suit in 1974 for a declaration
  that the suit land except for a plot measuring 6' x 6' situate in it was wakf
  property. The Trial Court dismissed the suit inter alia on the ground that;
  (i) the Mosque was wakf property by user and not other portions of the
H property and the respondents were not the Mutwallis of the suit land and
                                         516
   NAZIMALI v. ANJUMAN ISLAMIACHHATARPUR[RAJENDRABABU,J.]                   517
therefore, not competent to file the suit and (ii) that the suit was barred         A
by principle of res judicata by virtue of the decision in the earlier litigation.

      The appeal filed by the Respondent No. 1 was allowed by the High
Court holding that the decision in the earlier suit was not res judicata. The
High Court held that by virtue of an agreement executed by their predeces·
sors-in-interest in 1953 the appellants were estopped from contending that          B
the 'Badi Takia' was not wakf property.

         Allowing the appeal, this Court

      HELD : 1.1. The findings of the High Court as to the nature of the
property having remained unaltered the claim of the respondents in the.             C
suit being contrary was barred by principles of res judicata. [522-F]

     1.2. It was not open to the parties to raise this question once over
again particularly when 'Badi Takia' was held to be a vast extent of
property in which there was a Mosque which alone was shown to have been             D
dedicated for purpose of wakf. [521-C]

      2. The point concerning the agreement stood decided against the
respondents and therefore, on principles of res judicata it was not open to
the High Court to re-examine that aspect of the matter and to hold that
the same amounted to estoppel. [523-C]                                              E
         Cl'!IL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2943 of
1981.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 23.9.81 of the Madhya Pradesh
High Court in F.A. No. 138 of 1978.                                                 F
         S.K. Mehta for the Appellants.

         M. Oamaruddin, Mrs. M. Oamaruddin and S. Anam for the Respon-
dents.
                                                                                    G
         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      RAJENDRA BABU, J. Anjuman Islamia Chhatarpur (Respondent
No. 1) filed a suit (Civil Suit No. 2-A of 1974) on the file of the District
Judge, Chhatarpur in Madhya Pradesh for declaration that the suit proper-
ty known as 'Badi Takia' described in plaint sketch Ex-P-2 except for a plot        H
    518                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [1999] 1 S.C.R.

A   measuring 6" x 6" situate 'in it is wakf. In respect of ilis property there are
    three rounds of litigation.

         First of them was brought by Tegh Ali and Wajid Ali by way of a
  suit filed on April 4, 1959 which was numbered C.S. 28 of 1960 in the court
  of the Civil Judge, Chhatarpur for declaration, possession and damages
B against the respondents on the ground that they were owners of the whole
  property known as 'Badi Takia' for over 250 yeas and the respondents had
  without consent of plaintiffs had put their Tazia on the land. The Civil
  Judge II Class, Chhatarpur decreed the suit declaring that the plaintiffs are
  title holders, owners and occupiers of 'Badi Takia' and the respondent had
C committed trespass by keeping their Tazia on the suit land. In the appeal
  referred against that dec:ree the Appellate Court reversed the decree of
  the Trial Court and held the property to be wakf property. The matter was
  carried successfully further in second appeal to the High Court. As against
  the judgment in the second appeal, an appeal was filed in this Court being
D Civil Appeal No. 2527 of 1966 which was dismissed upholding the judgment
  of the High Court in second appeal.

          Second round of litigation was commenced thereafter by the respon-
    dents seeking recovery of Rs. 597.71 paisa for repairs of Mosque against
    defendants in the suit, Munshi Tegh Ali, Mohammad Jakir and others,
E   regarding fund collected for repair of Mosque. The Trial Court held that
    the Mosque is a wakf property but was not maintained by Anjuman Islamia
    and, therefore, dismissed the suit.

          Third round of litigation was commenced thereafter by the respon-
F dents out of which the present appeal arises. In that suit the respondents
  sought for declaration that appellants have no right over property known.
  as 'Badi Takia'. The Trial Court dismissed the suit on several grounds : (i)
  that Mosque is a wakf property by user and not other portions of the
  property and the respondents are not the Mutwallis of the suit property
  and therefore, not competent to file the suit; (ii) that the plaintiffs not being
G in possession of the suit property, suit was barred by Section 34 of the
  Specific Relief Act; and (iii) that the suit was also barred by principle of
  res judii:ata by virtue of the decision in C.S. No. 28 of 1960 to which we
  have already adverted to. The appeal filed by the respondents was allowed
  by the High Court reversing the findings on all issues. In particular, it was
H held that the decision in the earlier suit in C.S. No. 28 of 1960 is not res
         NAZIM ALI v. ANJUMAN ISLAMIA CHHATARPUR [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 519

      judicata and Mosque, water tank, taps, imambada and imamchowk were A
      wakf property by user but residential houses have not been established as
      Wakfby user. The High Court relied upon an agreement executed by Tegh
      Ali and Wajid Ali on September 19, 1953 and construed that the appellants
      were estopped from contending that the property in 'Badi Takia' was not
      wakf property.
                                                                                    B
             In this appeal, Shri Mehta, learned counsel for the appellants, sub~
      mitted that the High Court erred in construing the effect of the agreement
      dated September 19, 1953 and ought to have given due weight to the finding
      that had been recorded by the trial court, appellate court and the High
      Court in the earlier proceedings that the said agreement does not amount C
      to estoppel when that finding had become final. In the previous proceed-
      ings in C.S. No. 28 of 1960-it is submitted that it is only the Mosque which
      had been held to be a wakf property and other properties in 'Badi Takia'
      were never treated as Wakf property. He has also pointed out that there
      is no basis for the conclusion reached by the High Court that the Mosque
      and the land around the Mosque within the compound along with imam- D
      bada and imamchowk, as shown in the plan Ex.P.2 are part of the wakf
      property. He further submitted that the best that could have been said by
      the High Court was that the Mosque with the land around it alone could
      be declared to be wakf property and not the other parts thereof.
                                                                                    E
              Shri Qamaruddin, learned counsel for the respondents, on the other
      hand, submitted that the view taken by the High Court is in accordance
      ·Ni.th law on the material placed before the court and therefore, it is not
      necessary for us to interft'.re with the same.

            In view of the arguments made before us, we shall consider two F
      questions, namely, (i) whether the suit filed by the re~pondent is hit by
      principles of res judicata; and (ii) effect of the agreement dated 19th
      September, 1953. As noticed by the High Court, the decision of this Court
      was final but the High Court sought to distinguish it by stating that it was
      not only limited to a small extent of property but also did not decide the G
      other questions arising in this case.

            In the second appeal arising out of C.S. No. 28 of 1960, two aspects
-'<   were examined; (i) whether the appellants or the respondents have title to
      the suit property, and (ii) whether there was a wakf of the entire property
      or a part thereof. On account of the nature of used from time immemorial H
    520                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (1999] 1 S.C.R.

A it was held that no case of a wakf by declaration of intention or by a will
  is either pleaded or proved. Therefore, the question whether the property
  is a wakf property had to be decided only on the basis of long and
  immemorial user, if any. At para 8 of its judgment the High Court found
  that the trial court and the first appellate court had held 'Badi Takia' is
B ancestral property of predecessor in title of appellants, has been in their
  possession long before Anjuman Istamia was constituted and therefore
  their claim was confined to the inference of wakf on the basis of long user.
  After examining the evidence it was held that appellant's ancestors should
  be deemed owners of suit property and the burden that there is an implied
  wakf was not discharged and except for the area covered by Mosque
C remaining property has always been private property. On tl/-at basis the


                                                                                         [
  second appeal was allowed setting aside the judgment and decree passed
  by the Appellate Court and restored that of the Trial Court holding that
  only the Mosque is wakf property on account of long user which is
  severable from the other personal property of the appellants and their
D ancestors upon which no implied wakf can be inferred.

          It is now necessary to notice as to what is subject matter of the suit
    C.S. No. 28 of 1960 and the present suit with the pleadings thereto. The
    property in dispute was described in Ex. P.2 as comprising of a Mosque,
    open yard around the said Masque, imambada, a platform called
E   'imamchowk' a Hujra' (small room) adjoining the main Mosque, a well
    adjacent thereto, water tank and taps adjoining defendants further con-
    tended that Anjuman never took over charge of 'Badi Takia' nor every
    looked after its affairs. They explained the effect of the agreement said to
    have been executed in 1953 by the predecessors-in-title of the appellants
F   and stated that it will not affect the title in respect of the suit property.
    This Court in its order in Civil Appeal No. 2527 of 1966 noticed that the
    courts below held that the appellants' ancestors were the owners of the
    'Badi Takia' and no case of wakf by declaration of intention or by a will
    was either pleaded or proved and the proof adduced was not sufficient to
    hold that the entire 'Badi Takia' is wakf property and all that could be said
G   is that the Mosque in 'Badi Takia' is a wakf property. This Court agreed
    with the decision of the High Court and dismissed the appeal by stating as
    follows:                                                                         y



             "In view of the relief claimed in the plaint, the only point that the
H            court had to decide was whether the plot on which the Tazia was
        NAZIMALI v. ANJUMAN ISLAMIA CHHATARPUR [RAJENDRA BABU, J.]         521

)            placed was wakf property. On that question no satisfactory proof A
             was placed by the defendant before the Court. Hence we agree with
             the judgment and decree of the High ~ourt." (emphasis supplied by
             us)

            It is clear from the aforesaid extract from the judgment of this Court
     that it was noticed that the only question was whether the plot on which
                                                                                   B
     Tazia was placed was wakf property and on that question no satisfactory
     proof was placed by the defendants before the court and therefore, this
     Court agreed with the view of the High Court but did not upset any of the
     finding recorded by the courts below which was affirmed by the High
     Court. Therefore, it was not open to the parties to raise this question once c
     over again particularly when 'Badi Takia' was held to be a vast extent of
     property in which there was a Mosque which alone was shown to have been
     dedicated for purpose of wakf. The basis upon which the High Court
     disposed of the matter is noticed by this Court but it was pointed out that
     in the suit the principal question was relating to the plot where Tazia had
     been placed and that whether the property had been dedicated to a wakf
                                                                                   D
     or not and when those findings the Mosque on the south-east corner,
     residential house of the defendants described as 'Panchayat-ka-kamra'
     towards the north, and a big room adjoining to it on the eastern side
     described as 'Musafirkha11a'. No measurements have been set forth in the
     plan Ex. P.2. The respondents had in previous proceedings (C.S. No. 28 of E
     1960) contended that the property in .the suit known as 'Badi Takia'
     CC'nsisting of Mosque, open compound and buildings were constructed by
     Mohammedans of Chhatarpur by raising funds as well as with the help and
     aid provided by the State Rulers about 200 years back and the same was
     looked after and used by the Mohammedan community and the whole
                                                                                   F
     property was surrounded by a compound wall. The residential house had
     been used for residence of Faquirs. After the construction of imambada
     the Tazia was being erected there and placed on the imamchowk within
     the Mosque compound. The Musafirkhana had been used by the outsiders
     who visited Chhatarpur and the Panchayatghar was being used for holding
     meetings and the school was also being run in 'Badi Takia' for imparting G
     education to the Mohammedan children.

"'        The defendants therein (who are appellants in the present appeal)
     contended that the suit property was not wakf property and claimed the
     same to be their private ancestral property known as 'Badi Takia' and the H
    522                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [1999] 1 S.C.R.

A houses called as 'Panchayatghar' and 'Musafirkhahan' were infact the
  residential houses of the defendants and their predecessor-in-title, which
  were constructed about lon11 time back. They denied the contention of
  plaintiff, (therein) that the property in question has been constructed by
  the Mohammedans of Chhatarpur and the same work looked after by the
  Mohammedan community. The allegation of running of any school in the
B 'Badi Takia' was a\so denied. The only admission made by the appellants
  was that the Mohammedans of Chhatarpur congregated in the Mosque for
  prayers but they denied the use of open compound for prayers by them.
  They had become final and not disturbed by this Court, we think that the
  learned District Judge was justified in holding that the proceedings were·
C barred by res judicata. However, the contention put forth by respondents
  is that the previous suit was in respect of only a plot measuring 6' x 6' and
  not entire property of 'Badi Takia'. A careful examination of the pleadings
  in the previous suit will indicate that though the plaintiffs had not raised
  the issue as to the entire property in 'Badi Takia', the defendants (respon-
D dent) raised a plea that the entire property in 'Badi Takia' was wakf
  property and, therefore, the suit was liable to be dismissed. Hence, even
  before this Court the point agitated and put in issue was that the entire
  property in 'Badi Takia' was wakf property which was rejected by stating
  that though the Mosque and the school were wakf property that inference
  would not result in holding that the entire 'Badi Takia' is wakf property as
E no proof had been placed to reach any such conclusion and thus the
  conclusion or the findings of the High Court affirming that of the trial court
  were not upset or modified in any manner. The findings of the High Court
  as to the nature of the property having remained unaltered the claim of
  the respondents in the suit being contrary is barred by principles of res
F judicata. This finding of the trial court has to be restored, while setting
   aside that of the High Court.

        So far as the question raised in the matter that as to whether the
  agreement dated September 19, 1953 executed by Tegh Ali and Wajid Ali
  could be construed to be estoppel is concerned, in the suit, O.S. No. 28/60,
G it had been decided by the Trial Court that the agreement would not
  operate as estoppel as it related primarily to the Muharram arrangements
  and not to the settlement of the rights over 'Badi Takia'. Similarly the         j(
  Collector also had passed an order on August 31, 1954 which examines the
  background in which the agreement had been made. Several disputes had
H arisen between the parties out of which thi-, dispute relating to Muharram
        NAZIM ALI v. ANJUMAN ISLAM!A CHHATARPUR [RAJENDRA BABU, J.] 523
).   arrangements was one and by an agreement it was decided that the Tazia A
     of 'Badi Takia' belongs to all the even sects. of Muslims and the Tazia of
     'Badi Takia' was taken out according to old prevalent custom and it was
     made clear that the other private disputes will be settled in other proceed-
     ings and the High Court affirmed this finding by stating as follows :

             "The agreement Exhibit D-1 dated 19.9.1953, arrived at before the    B
             Tehsildar, Chhatarpur mentioning that the 'Badi Takia' was the
             property of seven communities would not operate as an estoppel
             against the appellants, as was rightly held by the learned Judges
             of the Courts below concurrently."

           That point stood decided against the respondents and therefore, on     c
     principles of res judicata it was not open to the High Court to re-examine
     that aspect of the matter and to hold that the same amounts to estoppel.

           The other findings recorded by the High Court as to the main-
     tainability of the suit by the respondents or the form in which it was filed D
     or the reliefs sought for would pale into insignificance in view of what we
     have stated above.

           These two grounds are ,t s.ufficient to set aside the judgment and
     decree made by the High 'Court and restore that of the trial court. The
     appeal is accordingly allowed but considering the nature and circumstances   E
     of the case, we make no order as to costs.

     S.M.                                                     Appeal allowed.