NARESH J. SUKHAWANIversusUNION OF INDIA

A                           NARESH J. SUKHAWANI
                                      v..
                                UNION OF INDIA

                                NOVEMBER 6, 1995

B                 fK. RAMASWAMY AND B.N. KJRPAL, J.J.j

          Customs Act, 1962 :

          S.10/f---Forcign CWTency-Scizure of-Statcmc11t of co-accused i11cul-
C cati11g the petitio11e1-Evide11tiary value of-Held, statement recorded under
    S.108 is a 111ate1ial piece of evidence-It can be used as substantive evidence
    to co1111ect the petitioner with the offence.

          The Customs Officials seized foreign currency worth lakhs of rupees
    while the same was being exported out of India. On the statement of one
D   of the accused, the Customs Officials searched the premises of the
    petitioner in his absence but nothing incriminating was recovered. Hen\'·
    ever, they initiated proceedings for confiscation of the foreign currency and
    used the statement of the said accused against the petitioner. The Addi-
    tional Collector confiscated the foreign currency and imposed a penalty of
E   Rs. 1 lakh. On petitioner's appeal, the Collector set aside the order. On
    suo n1otll revision, the Government restored the order of the Additional
    Collector; and the order of confiscation an.d penalty was ultimately af-
    firmed by the High Court. Aggrieved, the petitioner filed the petition for
    special leave.

F          It was contended for the petitioner that the statement of co-accused
    could be used only to corroborate other evidence as one of circumstances
    under S.30 of the Evidence Act but it cannot be used as a substantive
    evidence without corroboration from other independent evidence and as
    such the evidence of the co-accused could not be used to conclude
G   petitioner's complicity in the crime.

          Dismissing the petition, this Court

            HELD : The statement made before the Customs officials is not a
    statement recorded under S.161 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
H   It is a material piece of evidence collected by Customs ollicials under S.108
                                          778
                         N ..l.SUKHAWANI v. U.O.l.                         779

of the Customs Act, 1962. That material incriminates the petitioner               A
incul1•ating hin1 in the contravention of the provisions of the Customs Act
The staten1ent of the co-accused clearly inculpates not only hin1self but
also the petitioner. It can, therefore, be used as substantive evidence
connecting the petitioner \Vith the contravention by exporting foreign
currency out of India. There is no illegality in the order of confiscation of
                                                                                  B
foreign currency and hnposition of penalty. There is no ground warranting
reduction of fine. [780-D-F]

     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (C)
No. 23708 of 1995.

      From the Judgment and Order dated 7.8.95 of the Bombay High
                                                                                  c
Court in W.P. No. 1334 of 1995.

      The following Order of the .Court was delivered :

      The special leave petition arises from the order dated 7th August,          D
1995 passed by the Bombay High Court Court in W.P. No. 1334 of 1995.
The Customs officials at Sahar International Airport, Bombay ap-
prehended one Sukhawani Solanki when he was attempting to export
foreign exchange out of India valuing Rs. 13,27,212. Mr. Solanki in his
statement recorded under Section 108 of the Customs Act by the Customs
official, had stated that one Mr. Subhash Dudani had given him the
                                                                                  E
currency to hand over to Mr. Kenny at Hongkong. The Customs officials
apprehended Mr. Subhash Dudani who in his statement recorded under
Section 108 stated that foreign exchange given to Solanki was received from
one Mr. Rajcsh Sukha\vani. Thereafter, the Custon1s officials traced the
Jll:!lilinnl'.r and haJ searched hi~ prcn1iscs nn .Dc:cembcr 2-1, 1991, in. his   f
absence, but nothing incriminating \Vas recovered.

       The Customs officials initiated proceedings for confiscation of
foreign exchange and used the state111ent of Mr. Dudani against the
petitinncr. After enquiry an<l giving an opportunity to the petitioner, the
1'\d<litional Collector confiscated the foreign currency an<l imposed a           G
penalty of Rs. I, lakh. When the petitioner challenged the confiscation in
appcal, the Collector set aside the said order. ()n suo n1otu revision, the
Ciovern111ent r.:versc<l the order of the C.~ollcctor and restored the order of
the Additional Collector which was affirmed by the High Court hy the
in1pugni.:<l order. Thus the special leave petition.                              H
    780                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A         The Joint Secretary to the Government, the revisional authority, has
    held lhal the evidence and the statement given by Mr. Dudani incriminates
    the petitioner. This was established with reference lo the photograph and
    other intrinsic material. On that basis, he concluded that Mr. Dudani
    incriminated himself and the appellant in passing off foreign currency out
    of India, i.e., to Hong Kong. It was accordingly held that the contravention
B   was established. It is contended that the statement of co-accused could be
    used only to corroborate other evidence as one of the circumstances under


                                                                                     -
    Section 30 of the Evidence Act. But it cannot be used. as substantive
    evidence without corroboration from other independent evidence. Except
    the statement of Dudani, there is no other independent evidence. Mr.
C   Dudani's evidence cannot be pressed into service ~o arrive at the con-
    clusion that the petitioner is involved in the passing off foreign currency
    out of India.

           It must be remembered that the statement made before the Customs
    officials is not a statement recorded under Section 161 of the Criminal
D   Procedure Code, 1973. Therefore, it is a material piece of evidence col-
    lected by Customs officials under Section 108 of the Customs Act. That
    material incriminates the petitioner inculpating him in the contravention of
    the provisions of the Customs Act. The material can certainly be used to
    connect the petitioner in the contravention inasmuch as Mr. Dudani's
E   statement clearly inculpates not only himself but also the petitioner. It can,
    therefore, be used as substantive. evidence connecting the petitioner with
    the contravention by exporting foreign currency out of India. Therefore,
    we do not think that there is any illegality in the order of confiscation of
    foreign currency and imposition of penalty. There is no ground warranting
    reduction of fine.
F
           The special leave petition is dismissed accordingly.

    R.P.                                                      Petition dismissed.