Holding

Explanation (a) to Section 129 creates a distinct, wider concept of "common compound" that includes all buildings sharing common land, so the 600‑foot radius restriction applies to the entire complex, permitting water‑tax on both residential and non‑residential premises.

Summary

The Municipal Board of Saharanpur sought to levy water tax on Imperial Tobacco's factory and residential buildings under Section 128(1)(x) of the U.P. Municipalities Act, 1916, claiming that the entire complex lay within a 600‑foot radius of a public stand‑pipe and was situated in a "common compound". The respondent argued that only the residential bungalows formed a common compound and that the factory premises were outside the taxable radius, contending that the 1958 government notification applied only to residential buildings. The High Court Single Judge held in favour of the Board, treating the whole complex as a common compound, but the Division Bench reversed, relying on the definition of "compound" in Section 2(5) and limiting tax to buildings within the radius. The Supreme Court examined the statutory scheme, held that Explanation (a) to Section 129 creates a distinct, broader concept of "common compound" that includes all buildings sharing common land, and that the 600‑foot rule applies to the entire complex irrespective of appurtenance. It also affirmed the High Court's jurisdiction to correct the patent error of law by the appellate authority. Consequently, the Court set aside the Division Bench’s order, restored the Single Judge’s decision, and allowed the water‑tax levy on both residential and non‑residential buildings.

Issues considered

The meaning and scope of "common compound" under Explanation (a) to Section 129 of the U.P. Municipalities Act, 1916.
Whether the 600‑foot radius restriction for water‑tax applies to non‑residential (factory) buildings within a common compound.
Whether the High Court, exercising writ jurisdiction under Articles 226 and 227, could intervene in the decision of the appellate authority.
The maintainability of the special appeal under the Letters Patent and the possibility of invoking Article 136.
The applicability of the 1958 Government Notification to factory premises.

Legislation cited

Constitution of Indias. Article 133, s. Article 136, s. Article 226, s. Article 227
Indian Evidence Act, 1872s. Section 114
Limitation Act, 1963s. Section 14

Subjects

water taxcommon compoundmunicipal taxationinterpretation of statuteshigh court jurisdictionspecial appealU.P. Municipalities Actdefinition of compoundradius restrictiontax on non‑residential premises

Judgment

MUNICIPAL.BOARD, SAHARANPUR A
v.
IMPERIAL TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD .
.. NOVEMBER 24, 1998

[S.B. MAJMUDAR AND M. JAGANNADHA RAO, JJ.] B

Municipalities :

U.P. Municipalities Act, 1916: Sections 129 Explanation (a), 128(1)
(x), 2(2) and 2(5). Water tax-levy of-Jn respect of buildings situated C
within a "common compound"-At the prescribed radius from nearest public
water standpipe-Determination of-Words "compound" and "common
compound"-Meaning of-Held: The term "compound" is different from the
term '"common compound"- "Compound" means an individual compound
forming an adjunct or appendage to the building or a cluster of buildings D
for the exclusive use of the occupants-Whereas "common compound" is any
land used in common by the occupants of the buildings situated in such
common land-To constitute "common compound" the land need not be
appurtenant to the buildings-All buildings situated in the "common
compound" together will be treated as one building for measuring the
distance from the nearest water standpipe-If such distance is within the E
prescribed limit all the buildings situated in the "common compound" will
be subject to levy of water tax.

Water tax-Imposition of-Pursuant to Rules framed by Governor-
Gazette notification of said Rules published in a printed booklet-Rules F
permitted imposition of water tax even on non-residential buildings situated
within a radius of 600 feet from the nearest water standpipe-Validity-Held:
There is no restriction under the Rules to show that the radius of 600 feet
is confined only to residential buildings-The said notification entitled the
Municipality to impose water tax on lands and buildings including the
factory situated within municipal limits and within a radius of 600 feet from G
the nearest water standpipe-There is nothing to indicate that the said
notification would not have been gazetted in the same form in which it is
printed in the booklet-Therefore, presumption under Section I I 4 JJJ(e) of
· the Evidence Act regarding the peiformance of Official Act would clearly get
attracted in the facts of the present case-Evidence Act, 1872, S. I 14 JJJ(e). H
87
88 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1998) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

,A Constitution of India, 1950:
Articles 226 and 227-Jurisdiction of High Court-Scope of-Writ
petition filed before Single Judge of High Court challenging decision of
Appellate Authority regarding assessment of water tax-Appellate Authority
ignored the second part of the provision applicable to the case-Held: High
B Court cannot act as a court of appeal and only patent errors of law as found
from 1he orders of the authorities below can be corrected in exercise of its
jurisdiction-In the circumstances of the case, a glaring error of law has
resulted requiring it to be set aside in writ jurisdiction by the Single Judge.
Practice and Procedure:
C New Plea-Special Appeal before Division Bench against decision of
Single Judge of High Court-Maintainablity of-Under Letters Patent-
Held: Appeal under Art. 133 is pending since long before Supreme Court on
certificate offitness granted by High Court-Even assuming that the Special
Appeal was not maintainable under the Letters Patent applicable to the High
D Court a party would be entitled to urge before the Supreme Court that he
may be permitted to challenge the order of the Single Judge directly before
the Supreme Court under Article 136 since the entire period spent by him
in the High Court and the Supreme Court will get excluded under Section
14 of the Limitation Act, 1963-Consequently, at such a late stage it is not
fit to allow the opposite party to take up this contention for voiding the
E decision of the Division Bench.
New plea-Regarding mixed question of law and fact-Never taken up
at any stage in the hierarchy of proceedings-Permissibility of-The said
plea went to the root of the jurisdiction and authority of the Municipal Board
to impose water tax on non-residential premises-Held: In the circumstances,
p it becomes necessary for the Supreme Court, in appeal, to consider that
point.
Interpretation of Statutes:
External aids-Dictionary meaning or 111eaning in commonparlance-
Held: Can be resorted to if a word or an expression is not defined in the
G statute.
Words and Phrases:
"Compound"-Meaning of-In the context of Section 2(5) of the U.P.
Municipalities Act, 1916.

H "Co111mon compound"-Meaning of-In the context of Explanation (a)
MUNL BO. SAKARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. 89
to Section 129 of the U.P. Municipalities Act, 1916. A
The appellant-Municipal Board sought to levy water tax on the

- respondent-company under Section 128 of the U.P. Municipalities Act; 1916.
The case of the appellant was that the respondent-company had erected a
factory with a large number of ancillary buildings and residential houses
occupied by its officers and staff within the municipal limits of the appellant- B
Board and that the entire complex of buildings owned by the respondent-
company was surrounded by a high wall for security reasons. The appellant-
Board raised the bills of water tax calling upon the respondent to note that
as a result of a public water standpipe, the company's property bearing all
factory buildings situated on the Factory, being within a radius of 600 feet
from the said pipe had come within the taxable area for the purpose of
c
·imposition of water tax. The water tax was sought to be imposed pursuant to
the Rules framed by the Governor under Section 296 of the .Act which were
published under a Gazette Notification. The said Gazette Notification was
published in a printed booklet known as Nagarpalika Saharanpur 's Bye-
laws, Rules and Regulations. D
The respondent-company objected to the said imposition of water tax on
the ground that the buildings of the respondent-company were not in a
"common compound" and the residential bungalows should be treated as
•
separate units in the same way as they have been treated as separate units
in the case of house tax assessment and that the water tax bills might be E
reissued for only those buildings of the company that fell within the radius
of 600 feet from the water standpipe and the company was objecting to pay
water tax on buildings which did not fall within a radius of 600 feet from
the water standpipe. But the appellant informed the respondent that in view
of Explanations (a) and (b) of Section 129 of the Act, all "buildings" and
F
"common compounds" were assessable to water tax and, therefore, the bills
had been correctly worked out against the company and the tax was payable.

- On appeal, the appellate authority, viz., the District Magistrate, came
to the conclusion that the respondent's houses situated in the company's
complex could not be said to have been situated in a "common compound" as
G
- ...,, the term 'building' defined in Explanation (a) to Section 129 of the Act
required a 'compound to be a common appurtenance of several buildings'. On
the aforesaid reasoning, it was found that the whole plot of land of the
company containing a number of factory buildings and residential buildings
could not be treated as one unit for the purpose of water tax and that only
those buildings and plot of land which came within the radius of 600 feet of H
90 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1998) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A the nearest water standpipe from where water was made available to public
by the Board could bear the burden of water tax and accordingly, only three.
bungalows which came within the radius of 600 feet could be assessed to
water tax by the appellant-Board and not all the residential bungalows and c::
factocy· buildings which were outside the radius of 600 feet from the water -
standpipe.
B
The appellant filed a writ petition before the High Court. A Single
Judge of the High Court held that all the buildings belonging to the respondent-
company were standing in a "common compound" (even though the company
might be subdivided into different sections), because the entire complex was
c surrounded by a common wall Relying on the map which was supplied by the
respo111dent-company, it was held that the said map clinched the arguments
of the appellant which showed that inside the residential area there was one
road which was undeniably appurtenant to the factory, since it led from the
main municipal road to the gate of the factory proper, and there was another
road 'Which provided access to the various residential houses and was,
D therefore, a common appurtenance of all those houses. The first of these
roads consequently had to be treated as the "compound" of the factory, as
defim:d in Section 2(5) of the Act; and similarly the second road was the
compound of the residences. Both these roads started from a point quite
close •o the municipal standpipe; and a substantial portion of both the roads •
E was lying well within the radius of 600 feet measured from the standpipe.
Hence the appellant was entitled to raise the water tax bills connected with
all the structures situated within the compound.

The Division Bench of the High Court allowed the Special Appeal filed
by the respondent under the Letters Patent applicable to the High Court by
F holding that the road lying in the entire compound was not appurtenant to
the r4~sidential bungalows situated within the same and consequently, it could
not be said that all these buildings were situated within the radius of 600
feet from the water standpipe. The Division Bench of the High Court came
to the said conclusion heavily relying upon the definition "compound" in
Section 2(5) of the Act. It also observed that the District Magistrate found
G
that only three of the residentjal bungalows fell within 600 feet limit of the
nearest water stand pipe and that he was justified in relying upon the ' .-
mah:rial before him and hence his order could not be said to be suffering
from any error apparent or jurisdictional error. Therefore, both on merits
as well as on the ground that there was no occasion for the Single Judge
H to interfere with the decision rendered by the District Magistrate, the Special
MUNL BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. 91
Appeal was allowed. The Municipal Board preferred the present appeal under A
a certificate of fitness granted by the High Court under Article 133 of the
Constitution.
~
Allowing the appeal, this Court
.._
HELD : I.I. Explanation (a) of Section 129 of the U.P. Municipalities
Act, 1916 contemplates two types of compounds; (I) compound of the building B
which naturally remains compound land attached to the building or
_. appurtenant to the building as defined by Section 2(5) and (II) even apart from
such compound appurtenant to the buildings, common compound land on
which such buildings are situated together with their own adjoining
compounds. The term "common compound" has a wider coverage as compared c
to the term "compound" as defined by Section 2(5). To be a compound to the
building, the land must form an adjunct or appendage to the building or a
cluster of buildings being available to the occupiers of such buildings for
their exclusive use. [104-E-F)
1.2. The term "compound" is different from the term "common
D
compound". The former is the individual compound of a building, whereas
the latter is the common compound for all the buildings situated therein.
What is "common compound" must necessarily be something more than a
.... "compound". Therefore, if a number of buildings are situated in open land
wherein the occupants of the buildings have the right to make common use
of the said surrounding land then the question whether such surrounding E
land has a common boundary wall or not would pale into insignificance. All
that would be required to bring such a cluster of buildings situated in a
"common compound" within the sweep of Section 129(iii) for measuring the
distance of the standpipe from such buildings is to find out whether any part
of such common compound is within 600 feet distance of the water standpipe.
F
Then the entire complex of the buildings situated in such common land would
be covered by the taxing net of Section 129 read with Section 128(1)(x) and
the restriction would stand lifted qua such entire complex.
[104G-H; 105-A-B-C)
1.3. The concept of appurtenance of compound land to buildings is not
G
at all germane to the second part of Explanation (a) to Section 129. The
~

"' dictionary meaning of the word "common", amongst others, is "shared
among several". The aforesaid meaning of the term "common" read in the
light of the term "compound" as an adjective makes it very clear that if the
compound land is shared in common by occupants of a number of buildings
situated therein it would be a common compound for them. It has nothing to H
92 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A do with the question of being appurtenant to any one of those buildings.
(105-D-E)

1A. The term "common compound" is not defined by the Act. It has to
be given its dictionary meaning or meaning understood in common parlance.
Any land used in common by the occupants of buildings situated in such
-
B common land can be said to form a "common compound" covering all such
buildin:gs and once that conclusion is reached, Explnation(a) to Section 129
starts clicking and makes all those buildings along with the "common
compound" land wherein they are located to fall within the sweep of the term
"buildiing" as contemplated by Section 129 for measuring the distance of the
C standpipe from any part of such building including the "common compound".
(105-F-G-H; 106-A)

P. Ramanatha Aiyar: "Law Lexicon", Reprint Edition 1987, p. 216-r,
referrEd to.

D 2. It must, therefore, be held, especially in the light of the chart
submitted by the respondent-company itself before the authorities, that all
the residential buildings belonging to the respondent-company were situated
in common compi>und land belonging to the respondent-company and in the
said common land different residential bungalows were situated but even that
apart there were other structures like swimming pool, nursery, canteen
E kitchen; children's park etc. All these structure and buildings including the
factory were situated in common land which was available for use of all the
occup:ants of the various buildings and structures situated therein. It is not
in dispute that the entire common land formed a building complex which
belon1~s to the respondent-company. Therefore, this entire area styled as
..
F Bungalow Park Area or for that matter, the factory area could be said to be
comprising of buildings situated in a "common compound" so as to fall
within the sweep of Section 129 read with Explanation (a). Therefore, the
question whether the "common compound" land was appurtenant to any of
the structures becomes irrelevant. (106-D-E-F)

G State of U.P. v. L.J. Johnson, (198313 SCR 897; Larsen & Toubro Ltd.
v. Trustees of Dharmamurthy, Rao Bahadur Calavala Cunnan, Chetty's
Charities, (19881 Suppl. 2 SCR 755; Morarji Goculdas Deoji Trust v. Madhav
Vithal Kudwa, AIR (1983) Bom 68; The Central India Spinning and Weaving
and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. The Municipal Committee, Wardha, (1958) I
SCR 1102; C/Tv. Ku/u Valley Transport Co. (P.) Ltd., (197111SCR452;
H CED v. Kanakasabai (197313 SCR 747; Polestar Electronic (P) Ltd. v. Addi.
•
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD 93
Commissioner, Sales Tax, Delhi, 1197813 SCR 98 and Methuen-Campbell v. A
,. Walters, (1979) 1 All. E.R. 606, referred to.

3. High Court cannot act as a court of appeal and only patent errors
of law as found from the orders of the authorities below could be corrected
in exercise of its jurisdiction. But on the facts of the present case, the
jurisdiction of the High Court squarely got attracted. The writ petition B
before the Single Judge of the High Court was against the decision rendered
by the appellate-authority under Section 160 of the Act regarding assessment
of water tax. The Appellate Authority based its decision on the first part of
the Explanation (a) to Section 129 of the Act ignoring its second part, which
applied to the case. The said glaring error of law, therefore, was rightly C
required to be set aside in writ jurisdiction by the Single judge.
[107-E-F; 108-C-D)

Shri Ambica Mills Co. Ltd v. Shri SB. Bhatt, [196113 SCR 220; Syed
Yakoob v. KS Radhakrishnan, [19641 5 SCR 64; Bhutnath Chatterjee v.
State of West Bengal, 119691 3 SCC 675; Mohd Mustaqim, [1984) 1 SCR D
211 and Harbans Lal v. Jamohan Saran, [19851Suppl.3 SCR 634, referred
to.

4. The present appeal is pending since long in this Court on the
Certificate of fitness granted by the High Court. Even assuming that the
Special Appeal was not maintainable under the Letters Patent applicable to
E
the High Court, the respondent would be entitled to urge before this Court
that it may be permitted to challenge the order of the Single Judge directly
before this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution since the entire
period spent bx. it in the High Court and this Court up till now will get
excluded under Section 14 of the Limitation Act, 1963. Consequently, at this
late stage it is not fit to allow the appellant to take u'p this contention for F
voiding the decision of the Division Bench. 1109-A-Cj

5. The contention regarding imposition of water tax on non-residential
buildings raising a mixed question of law and fact was never taken by the
respondent-company at any stage in the hierarchy of proceedings. But this
point goes to the root of the jurisdiction and authority of the appellant to tax G
non-residential premises by way of water tax. It, therefore, becomes necessary
for this Court to consider this point. 1101-B; 109-D-El

6. Rule 8, with reference to Section 129(a) of the Act, permitted the
appellant- Municipality to impose water tax on lands or buildings, which were
within the radius of 600 fl'ct from the nearest water standpipe. A conjoint H
94 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A reading of Section 129(a) and the aforesaid Rule 8 of the Rules shows that
therE: was no restriction under these Rules to show that the radius of 600
feet was confined only to residential buildings. The notification authorising
imposition of water tax entitled the appellant- Municipality to impose water
tax on lands and buildings of all types. (111-F-G)

B CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1218of1976.

From the Judgment and Order dated 22.7.74 of the Allahabad High Court
in S.A. No. 696of1965.

Dinesh Kumar Garg for the Appellant.
c R.F. Nariman and Baskar Gupta, Mrs. Deepa Rathore, Ravinder Narain
and T. Sridharan for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

S.B. MAJMUDAR, J. The Municipal Board, Saharanpur, appellant herein,
D has filed this appeal against the decision of the Division Bench of the High
Court of Judicature at Allahabad on a certificate of fitness granted to it by .
the High Court for appeal to this Court under Article 133 of the Constitution
of India. The said certificate is granted on the ground that a question of law
arises as to what is the concept and meaning of the words "common compound"
E used in the Uttar Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1916 (hereinafter referred to as
the 'Act'). A few relevant facts leading to these proceedings deserve to be
noted at the outset to appreciate the grievance of the appellant-Municipal
Board.

BACKDROP FACTS:

F During the relevant period from 1.10.1959 to 31.3.1960, the respondent
company was sought to be taxed by the appellant Municipality by way of
water-tax levied under Section 128, sub-section (I )(x) of the Act. The case of
the 1.1ppellant was that the respondent company had erected a factory with
a large number of ancillary buildings and residential houses occupied by its
G officers and staff within the municipal limits of the appellant Board and that
the entire complex of buildings owned by the respondent company was
surrounded by a high wall for security reasons. The appellant Board raised
the hills of water-tax on 13th Aug., 1959 calling upon the respondent to note
that as a result of a public water stand pipe, the company's property bearing
all factory buildings situated on Cigarette Factory Khalasi Line, being within
H a radius of 600 feet from the said pipe had come within the taxable area with
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. (S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.J95

effect from the month of May, 1959 for the purpose of imposition of water- A
tax. The respondent-company, by its communication dated 19th December,
1959 objected to the said imposition of water-tax and submitted that the
company was not liable to pay water-tax bills for the period from I.I 0.1959 to
31.3.1960, as according to the respondent company, the bills were incorrectly
made out in that they included all residential and factory buildings. It was B
further submitted that these buildings were not in a "common compound" and
the residential bungalows should be treated as separate units in the same way
as they have been treated as separate units in the case of house tax assessment.
The respondent-company further submitted that water-tax bills might be
reissued for only those buildings of the company that fell within the radius
of 600 feet from the water stand pipe and the company was objecting to pay C
water-tax on buildings which did not fall within a radius of 600 feet from the
water stand pipe. The aforesaid communication by the respondent-company
did not find favour with the appellant. The appellant, by its letter dated 29th
December, 1959, informed the respondent that in view of Explanations (a) and
(b) of Section 129 of the Act, all "buildings" and "common compounds" were
assessable to water-tax and, therefore, the bills had been correctly worked out D
against the company and the tax was payable.

Th is resulted into an appeal by the r::spondent under Section 160 of the
Act to the District Magistrate, who was the appellate authority. The appellate
authority, after hearing the parties, came to the conclusion that the respondent's E
houses situated in the company's complex could not be said to have been
situated in a "common compound" as the 'term building' defined in Explanation
(a) to Section 129 of the Act required a 'compound to be a com'l!on
appurtenance of several buildings'. On the aforesaid reasoning, it was found
that the whole plot of land of the company containing number of factory
buildings and residential buildings could not be treated as one unit for the F
purpose of water-tax and that only those buildings and plots of land which
came within the radius of 600 feet of the nearest water stand pipe from where
water was made available to public by the Board could bear the burden of
water-tax and accordingly, only three bungalows which came within the radius
of 600 feet could be assessed to water-tax by the appellant Board and not all G
the residential bungalows and factory buildings which were outside the radius
of 600 feet from the water stand pipe. The company's appeal was, accordingly,
allowed and the appellant was directed to issue fresh water-tax bills in the
light of that order. This resulted into a writ petition by the appellant before
the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. The learned single Judge of the
High Court, who heard the writ petition, after hearing the contesting parties, H
96 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A came to the conclusion that all the buildings belonging to the respondent- ·
company were standing in a "common compound" (even though that the
company might be subdivided into different sections), because the entire
complex was surrounded by a common wall. Relying on the map which was
supplied by the respondent-company, it was held that the said map clinched
B the arguments of the appellant which showed that inside the residential area
there was one road which was undeniably appurtenant to the factory, since
it led from the main municipal road to the gate of the factory proper, and there
was another road which provided access to the various residential houses
and was, therefore, a common appurtenance of all those houses. The first of
these roads consequently had to be treated as the "compound" of the factory,
C as defined in section 2(5) of the Act; and similarly the second road was the
compound of the residences. Both these roads started from a point quite
close to· the municipal stand pipe; and a substantial portion of both the roads
was lying well within the radius of 600 feet measured from the stand pipe.
Hence, the appellant was entitled to raise the water-tax bills connected with
all the structures situated within the compound. The writ petition, was
D accordingly, allowed and the order of the learned District Magistrate was set
aside.

This decision of the learned single Judge was challenged in Special
Appeal by the respondent-company before a Division Bench of ihe High
E Court. The Division Bench allowed the said Special Appeal by holding that
the road lying in the entire compound was not appurtenant to the residential
bungalows situated within the same and consequently, it could not be said
that all these buildings were situated within the radius of 600 feet from the
water !itand pipe. The Division Bench of the High Court came to the said
conclusion heavily relying upon the definition "compound" in Section 2(5) of
F the Act It also observed that the learned District Magistrate found ~at only
three of the residential bungalows fell within 600 feet limit of the nearest water
stand pipe and that he was justified in relying upon the materials before him
and hence, his order could not be said to be suffering from any error apparent
or jurisdictional error. Therefore, both on merits as well as on the ground that
G there was no occasion for the learned single Judge to interfere with the
decision rendered by the learned District Magistrate, the Special Appeal was
allowed; the order of the learned single Judge was set aside and the writ
petition of the appellant was dismis.sed with costs. Subsequently, on the
request of the appellant, leave to appeal to this Court was granted by the
Division Bench and a certificate of fitness was issued under Article 133 of
H the Constitution of India as noted earlier and that is how the appellant is
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.] 97
before us in this appeal. A
By an order dated 30th Nov., 1976, this Court granted stay pending
disposal of appeal and ordered expedition of this appeal.

RIVAL CONTENTIONS:

When this appeal reached final hearing before us, Shri Garg, learned
B
counsel for the appellant, in the first instance, submitted that as per the
Letters Patent applicable to the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, no
Special Appeal could be entertained by the Division Bench against the order
of the learned single Judge as the learned Judge had exercised in substance
jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution of India against the appellate C
order of the District Magistrate passed under Section 160 of the Act. On
merits, it was submitted that the Division Bench had patently erred in law in
applying the provisions of Section 2 sub-section (5) defining "compound"
while il).terpreting Explanation (a) to Section 129 of the Act. He submitted that
the temi. "building" for the purpose of the said section will have to be D
understood in the light of Explanation (a) to Section 129 and hence could
include not only the structure or structures along with their compounds
which may be appurtenant to them but the said term would also include in
its meaning several buildings which are situated in a common compound, as
in the present case, and consequently, all such buildings in the "common
compound" together will be treated as "buildings" for the purpose of finding E
out 600 feet distance from the nearest stand pipe to such buildings as
required under Section 129 (iii) of the Act. Shri Garg further submitted that
neither the District Magistrate nor the learned single Judge and also not even
the Division Bench of the High Court had kept this aspect of the matter in
view. With the result that a question of "appurtenance" of compound land
to the structures by invoking the definition of Section 2 sub-section (5) was F
wrongly considered. It was contended that on a conjoint reading of Section
128(1)(x) and Section 129(iii) Explanation (a), it ought to have been held that
as all the buildings belonging to the respondent were situated in a "common
compound", hence the imposition of water-tax by the appellant was fully
justified on account of the fact that from the nearest stand pipe the distance G
of a part of the common compound of the respondent was admittedly not
more than 600 feet and consequently, the judgment and order of the Division
Bench be set aside and the order of the learned single judge be restored
though on a different reasoning as put forward by him for our consideration.

Shri R.F. Nariman, learned senior counsel for the respondent company, H j
98 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A on th<: other hand submitted that the certificate granted by the High Court
itself is erroneous as no question of law arises in connection with the
interpretation of the term "common compound" on the facts of the present
case as the District Magistrate had come to a finding of fact that the concerned
buildings were not situated within a radius of 600 feet from the nearest water
B stand pipe, that such a finding of fact should not have been interfered with
under Article 226 of the Constitution of India by the learned single Judge.
Under these circumstances, the Division Bench could have allowed the appeal
only on that ground without undertaking the further exercise of finding out
whether on merits the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the Act by
the learned single Judge was justified or not. He further contended that even
C that apart, as noted by the Division Bench in impugned judgment, by
Notitiication of the Government of Uttar Pradesh dated 18th Sept., I 958, the
Board was authorised to assess water-tax on those "residential buildings"
which fell within a radius of 600 feet from the nearest water stand pipe under
Section 129(a) of the Act; that the said Notification naturally could not apply
to the "factory premises" of the respondent. Consequently, the water-tax bills
D issued by the appellant seeking to impose water-tax on the factory premises
and other non-residential buildings of the respondent company were ex facie
unauthorised leaving aside any other questions.

On merits, it was submitted by Shri R.F. Nariman that on a correct
E interpretation of Section 128 (l)(x) and Section 129 Explanation (a), the term
"common compound" has to be construed as a place where the common
compound land was having appurtenance to the buildings situated therein
and in the land in that compound, the residents of the buildings should have
a right of common use or enjoyment and that would make the said surrounding
land a "common compound". Therefore, according to the learned senior
F counsel for the respondent, the concept of "appurtenance" of the compound
land to the buildings in question was a relevant question and could not be
said to be contradicated, as in his view Section 2 sub-section (5) which
defin.es "compound" would squarely get attracted even in such a case. In
support of his contention, he invited our attention to the word "common" as
G found in P. Ramanatha Aiyar's "The Law Lexicon", Reprint Edition 1987 at
page 216-r. He also submitted that under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution
of India, the learned single Judge of the High Court had a limited jurisdiction
and he could only revise any patent error of law that might have been
committed by the authorities below and could not act as a court of appeal.
In support of the aforesaid submission, he placed reliance upon the following
H decisions of this Court inShri Ambica Mills Co. Ltd v. Shri S.B. Bhatt & Anr.,
MUNI. BO. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, l.) 99

[1961] 3 SCR 220 at pages 227-229; Syed Yakoob v. K.S. Radhakrishnan & A
Ors., [1964] 5 SCR 64 at pages 68-70; Bhutnath Chatterjee v. State of West
Bengal & Ors., [1969] 3 SCC 675 at page 677; Mohd Yunus v. Mohd. Mustaqim
& Ors., [1984] l SCR 211 at pages 215-216; Harbans Lal v. Jagmohan Saran,
[ 1985] Suppl. 3 SCR 634 at pages 636-637. He also invited our attention to the
decisions of this Court and other courts for submitting that the word
"appurtenance" connotes a nexus with the object which is sought to be B
connected therewith. He placed reliance on two decisions of this Court,
namely, State of U.P. & Ors. etc. v. L.J. Johnson & Anr. etc., [1983] 3 SCR
897 at pages 901-911; Larsen & Toubro Ltd Club House Road, Madras v.
Trustees of Dharmamurthy, Rao Bahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty 's Charities
by its Trustees, [1988] Suppl. 2 SCR 755 at pages 764-768. He also relied upon C
the decision of the Bombay High Court in Morarji Goculdas Deoji Trust &
Ors. v. Madhav Vithal Kudwa, AIR (1983) Bombay 68 at page 71 and a
decision of the Court of Appeal in England reported in Methuen - Campbell
v. Walters, (1979) (1) All England Law Reports 606 at page 609. Mr. Nariman
also submitted that on the facts of the present case, the learned single Judge
of the High Court had patently erred in taking the view that the two private D
roads situated in the complex of the respondent, one leading to the factory
and another leading to the residential complex could be said to be an
"appurtenance" to these structures and as these roads were within a radius
of 600 feet from the nearest water stand pipe, the charge of water-tax could
be said to have settled on these structures. He further submitted that, in any E
case, if two views are possible in connection with the interpretation of the
"common compound" then the view which supports the tax payer rather than
the taxing authority should be preferred as we are concerned with a taxing
statute imposing water-tax on tax payers. In support of these contentions, he
invited our attention to the decisions of this Court reported in The Central
India Spinning and Weaving and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. The Empress Mills, F
Nagpur v. The Municipal Committee, Wardha, [1958] 1 SCR 1102 at page
1107; Commissioner of Income-Tax, Punjab v. Kulu Valley Transport Co. (P)
Ltd., [1971] 1 SCR 452 at page 464; Collector of Estate Duty v. Mis. R.
Kanakasabai & Ors., [1973] 3 SCR 747 at page 753 and Polestar Electronic
(P) Ltd v. Addi. Commissioner, Sales Tax, Delhi, [1978] 3 SCR 98 at page 116. G
~ '
It was also submitted by Shri Nariman that as the learned single Judge
had exercised powers under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the
Special Appeal was maintainable and that as this objection was not raised by
the appellant before the Division Bench, it should not be permitted to be
raised at this late stage. In any case, he is entitled to challenge the decision H
JOO SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A of the learned single Judge in the present proceedings.
In rejoinder, Shri Garg, learned counsel for the appellant, submitted that
the District Magistrate had patently erred in law in relying upon the definition
of the term "Compound" as found in Section 2, sub-section (5) of the Act,
while interpreting Explanation (a) to Section 129 and in fact the appellate
B authority completely by-passed the said provision and wrongly relied upon
the aforesaid definition of the word "compound" which had nothing to do
wi1h the second part of the said Explanation and as these provisions were
completely ignored by the appellate court, it could be said that the decision
rendered by the appellate court suffered from a patent error of law. Such an
C error could rightly be set aside by the learned single Judge of the High Court
under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India. He next reiterated his
main contention on the scheme of the Act in support of the appeal and also
submitted that the question regarding non-applicability of the Govt. Notification
dated 18th September, 1958 to the factory premises was never urged by the
respondent before the appellate authority or even before the iearned single
D Judge or the Division Bench. Therefore, the said contention, which raises
mixed question of law and fact may not be permitted to be raised for the first
time in this appeal. He further alternatively contended that if such a contention
has. to be entertained, the proceedings deserve to be remanded to the appellate
authority for considering this mixed question of law and fact with a view to
E finding out whether the factory premises were covered by sweep of Section
129 of the Act and whether there was any other Govt. Notification in that
connection.

In view of the aforesaid rival contentions, the following points arise for
our consideration :
F I. Whether the term "common compound" as found in Section 129,
Explanation (a) would cover all buildings situated within the land
wherein the occupants of the buildings have a common right of usage
by way of passage to and fro or even otherwise a right to commonly
use the said land wherein the cluster of these buildings is situated,
G especially when a part of the said common land was within a radius
of 600 feet from the nearest water stand pipe fixed by the appellant . '
Board;

2 . Whether the term "common compound", as found in the aforesaid
provision, would require the land comprised in such common compound
H to be appurtenant to each of such buildings situated therein;
MUNI. BD SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [SB MA.IMUDAR, J.] 101

3. Whether the learned single Judge of the High Court was justified A
in interfering under Article 226 or 227 of the Constitution oflndia with
the decision of the appellate authority;

4. Whether the Special Appeal was maintainable against the decision
of the learned single Judge before the Division Bench of the High
Court; B
5. Whether the factory premises of the respondent company can be
brought within the tax net of water-tax under Section 129 of the Act
read with Section 128 (l)(x) in the light of the Govt. Notification dated
18th September, 1958 which, it is alleged, covered only residential
buildings; and C
6. What final Order ?

We will deal with these points seriatim.

Points Nos.(1) and (2):
D
These two points raise common questions of law and fact and therefore,
they are being dealt with together. The water-tax which is in dispute between
the parties could be imposed by the appellant as per the provisions under
Section 128 (l)(x) of the Act which reads as under :

128. Taxes which may be imposed - (1) Subject to any general rules E
or special orders of the State Government in this behalf, the taxes
which a municipality may impose in the whole or any part of a
municipality are -

xxx xxx xxx
F
(x) a water-tax on the annual value of buildings or lands or of both;

Restriction in the imposition of water-tax is found in Section 129 of the
Act. The said provision, as it stood at the relevant time, reads as under :

129. !Restriction in the imposition of water-tax] -The imposition of G
a tax under clause (x) of sub-section (i) of Section 128 shall be subject
to the following restrictions on the imposition of namely, water-tax.

(a) that the tax shall not be imposed on land exclusively used for
agricultural purposes, or, where the unit of assessment is a plot
of land or a building as hereinafter defined, on any such plot or H
102 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
\

A building of which no part is within a radius, to be fixed by rule
in this behalf for each Municipality, from the nearest stand-pipe
or other water-work whereas at water is made available to the
public by the board; and
(b) that the tax is imposed solely with the object of defraying the
B expenses connected with construction, maintenance, extension
of improvement of municipal water-works and that all moneys
derived therefrom shall be expended solely on the aforesaid
object.

Explanation - In this Section-
c "(a) "building" shall include the compound (if any) thereof and,
where there are several buildings in a common compound, all
such buildings and the common compound;

(b) "a plot of land" means any piece of land held by a Single
D occupier, or held in common by several co-occupiers, whereof
no one portion is entirely separated from any other portion by
the land of another occupier or of other co-occupiers or by
public property."

The terms "building" and " compound" are defined by
E
Section 2, sub-sections (2) and (5) respectively as under :

"2. "Building" means a house, outhouse, stable, shed, hut or other
enclosure or structure whether of masonry bricks, wood, mud, metal
or any other material whatsoever, whether used as a human dwelling
F or otherwise, and includes any verandah, platform, plinth, staircase,
doorstep, wall including compound wall other than a boundary wall
of the garden or agricultural land not appurtenant to a house but does
not include a tent or other such portable temporary shelter.

5. "Compound" means land, whether enclosed or not which is the
G appurtenance of a building or the common appurtenance of several
buildings".

A mere look at the aforesaid provisions shows that "building" will include
any structure attached to earth and " Compound" would mean any land,
whether enclosed or open which is appurtenant to such building or which is
H a "common appurtenance" to several buildings, meaning thereby that, if a
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.] 103

building has got adjoining land may be ·as side compound or front compound A
or backyard which is exclusively attached to the building and which would
be in the exclusive use of the occupier of the building, such land could be
said to be its compound land. Similarly, if a cluster of buildings situated so
close to each other and well knit had common land attached only to such
composite cluster of buildings for use and occupation of owners of such a
cluster of buildings, then these buildings could be said to have a compound B
of their own attached as appurtenance to all of them. It is obvious that such

- compound land would be available for exclusive use of the occupiers of these
buildings so closely situated to one another that their occupants could use
this adjoining compound land being an appendage to their building. However,
so far as the tenn "common compound" is concerned, it is not defined by the C
Act. When we turn to Section 128, we find that the Municipalities have been
authorised subject to general rules or special rules of the State Government
to impose water-tax on the annual value of buildings or lands or of both.
Consequently, any building situated anywhere within the municipal limits
along with its appurtenant compound as defined by Section 2, sub-section
(5) could be subjected to water-tax on the annual value of such buildings or D
lands or of both. However, Section 129 lays down restriction on the imposition
of such water-tax to the extent provided therein. Sub-clause (a) of Section 129
restricts the power of the Municipality to impose water-tax on any buildings
of which no part is within the radius to be fixed by the rule in this behalf for
each Municipality from the nearest stand-pipe or other waterworks whereat E
water is made available by the Board. It is not in dispute between the parties
that under the relevant Notification issued by the State of Uttar Pradesh, the
pennissible radius for imposition of such water tax as measured from the
nearest stand pipe was 600 feet. Thus, buildings falling wholly or partially
within the said radius would come within the sweep of the water-tax levy. The
question is for the purpose of imposition of this area restriction what type F
of buildings would be covered? For answering the above question, we have
to examine Explanation (a) to the said Section which enacts a separate definition
of the tenns "building" and "land" for the purpose of that section.

When we tum to the said definition of the tenn "building" as laid down G
in Explanation (a) to Section 129, we find that in the first part of this definition,
the tenn "building" would include "compound", if any, thereof. The first part
of the said Explanation, therefore, clearly includes the buildings as defined by
Section 2, sub-section (5) along with compound thereof, meaning thereby the
compound fonning part and parcel of that building being annexed thereto. For
understanding the meaning of the said tenn " compound of the building" H
104 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A definition of "compound" as found in Section 2, sub-section (5) becomes
relevant. Such a compound whether enclosed or not should be appurtenant
to such building or should have a common appurtenance to several buildings
so situated near each other that they enjoy the common land as adjunct of
such buildings. The phrase "compound if any thereof' expands the scope of
B the ti~ffil "building" as found in the first part of the Explanation. It clearly
indicates that such -compound must be a part and parcel of that building. But
the said phrase also gets covered by the definition of the teffil "building" as
found in Section 2(2) of the Act which covers even boundary walls of such
compound land appurtenant to such a building. Such compound land gets in
its tum covered by the definition of the teffil "compound" as found in Section
C 2(5) of the· Act. Thus the first part of Explanation (a) to Section 129 which
defines "building" can have a nexus with the definition of the teffils "building"
as found in Section 2(2) and "compound" as found in Section 2(5).

But when we tum to the second part of this Explanation, we find that
it deals entirely with a different situation wherein none of the buildings are
D said to be situated in a "common compound''. Thus entirely a different
legislative scheme is envisaged by the said second part which provides that
where there are several buildings situated in a common compound all such
buildings in the common compound together will be treated to be foffiling one
building for the purpose of finding out the permissible 600 feet radius from
E the nearest water stand pipe, as mentioned in Section 129 main part. It
becomes at once clear that the Explanation (a) to Section 129 contemplates
two types of compounds; (!) compound of the building which naturally
remains compound land attached to the building or appurtenant to the building
as defined by Section 2, sub-section (5) and (II) even apart from such compound
appm1enant to the buildings, common compound land on which such buildings
F are situated together with their own adjoining compounds. It is, therefore,
obvious that the teffil "common compound" has a wider coverage as compared
to th1~ teffil "compound" as defined by Section 2, sub-section (5). To be a
compound to the building, the land must foffil an adjunct or appendage to
the building or a cluster of buildings being available to the occupiers of such
G buildings for their exclusive use. They are individual compounds. While the
concept of "common compound" will embrace open land whether bound by
boundary or not which can be utilised by the residents of buildings situated
in this common compound land who have a right to use this land in common
for the beneficial enjoyment of their buildings situated in such a land. It is
axiomatic to say that the term "compound" is different from the teffil "common
H compound". The former is the individual compound of a building, latter is the
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J] J 05
common compound for all the buildings situated therein. If both these terms A
had the same meaning, then the legislature would be guilty of tantalising in
mentioning "compound" in the first part of the Explanation (a) to Section 129
and then again referring the same by way of "common compound" in the
latter part. What is "common compound" must necessarily be something more
than a "compound". It is, therefore, to be held that if number of buildings are B
situated in open land wherein the occupants of the buildings have the right
to make common use of the said surrounding land then the question whether
such surrounding land has a common boundary wall or not would pale into
insignificance. All th<.! would be required to bring such a cluster of buildings
situated in a "common compound" within the sweep of Section 129 (iii) for
measuring the distance of the stand pipe from such buildings is to find out C
whether any part of such common compound is within 600 feet distance of
the water stand pipe. Then the entire complex of the buildings situated in
such common land would be covered by the taxing net of Section 129 read
with Section 128 (1) (x) and the restriction would stand lifted qua such entire
complex. It is difficult to appreciate how the learned single Judge arrived at D
the conclusion that "common compound" was appurtenant to such buildings.
In fact as seen earlier, the concept of appurtenance of compound land to
buildings is not at all germane to second part of Explanation (a) to Section
129. It is relevant for the first part thereof only. The term "common" is defined
in "Law Lexicon" by P .Ramanatha Aiyar, Reprint Edition 1987, at page 216-
.. r as an adjective to mean amongst others "shared among several". The E
aforesaid meaning of the term "common" read in the light of the term
"compound" as an adjective makes it very clear that if the compound land
is shared in common by occupants of number of buildings situated therein
it would be a common compound for them. It has nothing to do with the
question of being appurtenant to any one of those buildings. The phrase
"appurtenant to the building" gets ruled out while considering the question F
of a "common compound" as contemplated by second part of explanation (a)
of Section 129, as the phrase 'thereof as found in the first part is
conspicuously absent in the second part. It is pertinent to note that the term
"common compound" is not defined by the Act. It has _to be given its
dictionary meaning or meaning understood in common parlance. Any land G
• used in common by the occupants of buildings situated in such common land
can be said to form a "common compound" covering all such buildings and
once that conclusion is reached, Explanation (a) to Section 129 starts clicking
and makes all those buildings along with the "common compound" land
wherein they are located to fall within the sweep of the term "building" as
contemplated by Section 129 for measuring the distance of the stand pipe H
106 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A from any part of such building including the "common compound". It is not
in dispute and is well established on record that all the buildings of the
respondent company, whether residential or factory buildings, were situated
in the "common compound" land available for approach to and fro & for
common use of the occupiers of all such buildings though such land was not
B appurt1:nant to these buildings and if distance from the stand pipe put up by
the Board on the public road nearby was to be measured up to the starting
p.:>int of such a common compound it would be within the permissible limits
of 600 feet of radius of such a stand pipe. The District Magistrate and even
the learned single Judge as well as the Division Bench have not considered
this vital aspect of the definition of the term "building" as found in Explanation
C (a) to Section 129 for the purpose of measuring the permissible distance from
the stand pipe towards respondent's buildings. They erroneously went at a
tangent in importing the concept of "appurtenant land" for being treated as
a common compound land by relying upon the definition of "compound" in
Section 2, sub-section (5) of the Act for construing the term "common
compound" when the said definition did not cover the said term. It must be
D held, especially in the light of the chart submitted by the respondent company
itself before the authorities that all the residential buildings belonging to the
respondent company were situated in common compound land belonging to
the re5pondent company and in the said common land different residential
bungalows were situated but even that apart there were other structures like
E swimming pool, nursery, canteen, kitchen, children's Park etc. All these
structures and buildings including the factory were situated in common land
which was available for use of all the occupants of the various buildings and
structures situated therein. It is not in dispute that the entire common land
formed a building complex which belongs to the respondent company.
Therefore, this entire area styled as Bungalow park Area or for that matter,
F the factory area could be said to be comprising of buildings situated in a
"common compound" so as to fall within the sweep of Section 129 read with
Explanation (a). Once we reach the aforesaid factual conclusion on the scheme
of the relevant provisions of the Act, the question whether the "common
compound" land was appurtenant to any of the structures becomes irrelevant.
G Hence,, we do not think it fit to burden this judgment by consideration of
variow; decisions of this Court noted earlier for deciding the correct connotation
of the term "appurtenant''. The learned senior counsel for the respondent
company, Shri Nariman rightly invited our attention to the various de.cisions
taking the view that for taxing purpose, if two view are possible on the
constmction of the provision, the view. which supports the case of the tax
H payer ~;hould be preferred as compared to the view which supports the taxing
MUNL BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.] J07

authority. However, on the express language of Section 129 Explanation (a) A
it must be held that no two views are possible, but only one view is possible,
namely, that the connotation of the term "common compound" is entirely
different and wider in nature as compared to the connotation of "compound"
~

as defined in Section 2, sub-section (5) as seen earlier. It is unfortunate that
this express provision in all its aspect was not noticed by any of the courts
below, though the Explanation to Section 129 was referred to both by the
B
learned single Judge as well as the Division Bench of the High Court. We may
·~
mention at this stage that it was not the case of the respondent company at
any time that the occupants of the buildings situated in the Bungalow Park
Area or factory area had no common right to pas~ and re-pass from or to use
the open land in which the said structures were situated or that the occupants c
of the residential bungalows could not use the common children's park or
swimming pool or kitchen etc. Their only contention was that because this
common area was not an adjunct of or an area appurtenant to each of these
buildings, the buildings that came within the radius of 600 feet from water
stand pipe only attracted the water-tax levy. As we have discussed earlier, it
D
is not possible to agree with this contention canvassed by learned senior
counsel of the respondent company on the scheme of the Act. As a result
of the aforesaid discussion, point no. 1 has to be answered in the affirmative,
and point no.2 in the negative. Thus the answers on both these points shall
be in favour of the appellant and against the respondent.
E
Point No. 3:

So far as this point was concerned, the learned senior counsel rightly
contended that under Articles 226 and 227 ·of the Constitution of India, the
High Court could not act as a court of appeal and only patent errors of law
as found from the orders of the authorities below could be corrected in F
exercise of its jurisdiction. But on the facts of the present case, the jurisdiction
of the High Court squarely got attracted as we will presently see. The writ
petition before the learned single Judge of the High Court was against the
decision rendered by the appellate authority under Section 160 of the Act.
While dealing with the question of imposing of water-tax and the restrictions G
I
regarding the same as envisaged by Section 129(a) of the Act, the appellate
authority in its judgment considered the definition of the term "building" as
found in the Explanation to Section 129 and observed as under :

"Compound means land, whether enclosed or not, which is
appurtenance of a building or the common appurtenance of several H
108 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A buildings".

It was further observed that :

"if the factory premises are treated as a common compound the
question arises as to of which building or building it is an appurtenance.
B I, therefore, do not recognise the whole plot of land containing a
number of factory buildings and residential buildings as one Unit for
purpose of water-tax ..."

A mere look at the reasoning of the appellate authority shows that it suffered
from a patent error of law; while considering Explanation (a) to Section 129
C which defines "building" the second part of the Explanation was completely
ignored by the appellate authority. As seen earlier, the second part goes
beyond the question of "compound" and embraces a wider field, namely,
"common compound". As that part of the Explanation was completely ignored
and as th1! appellate authority wrongly concentrated on the definition of the
D tenn "compound" as found under Section 2, sub-section (5), the entire reasoning
adopted by the learned appellate authority became patently erroneous in law.
The said glaring error of law, therefore, was rightly required to be set aside
in writ jurisdiction by the learned sil)gle Judge. Once this conclusion is
reached, the preliminary objection of Shri Nariman to the certificate issued by
E the High Court does not survive. The question also about the correct
connotation of the tenn "common compound" would certainly give rise to a
substantial question of law. However, we may mention that the reasoning
adopted by the learned single Judge for upsetting the finding of the appellate
authority is not accurate as the learned single Judge also wrongly invoked
the restricted definition of the tenn "compound" as found in Section 2, sub-
F section (5) and assuming that this definition applied, he went in search of
appurtenant land being attached to such bungalows. Such exercise was not
necessary on the clear scheme of second part of the Explanation (a) to Section
129 as seen earlier. However, by a wrong process of reasoning, ultimately the
learned single Judge reached the correct conclusion that a part of the "common
G compound" land which was to be tenned as "building", for the purpose of
Section 129, belonging to the respondent company was within the pennissible
limits of 600 feet from the water stand pipe so as to entitle the appellant
Municipality to impose water-tax on the entire complex of the buildings
situated i.n common land belonging to the respondent company. This point
for consideration is, therefore, to be answered in the affirmative in favour of
H appellant and against the respondent.
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.] )09

Point No. 4 : A,
This point for consideration strictly does not arise out of the certificate
issued by the High Court in favour of the appellant Municipality. We, therefore,
do not deem it fit to consider this point. We are inclined to take this view for
a more substantial and practical reason, namely, that this appeal is pending
since 1976 in this Court on the Certificate of fitness granted by the High B
Court. Even assuming that the learned counsel for the appellant is right that
the special appeal was not maintainable under the Letters Patent applicable
to the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, respondent would be entitled
to urge before us that they may be permitted to challenge the order of the
learned single Judge directly before us under Article 136 of the Constitution C
since the entire period spent by them in the High Court and this Court up
till now will get excluded under Section 14 of the Limitation Act. Consequently,
at this late stage, we do not deem it fit to allow the appellant to take up this
contention for voiding the decision of the Division Bench. Point no. 4 is,
therefore, disposed of as not entertained and, therefore, not answered.
D
Point No. 5:

So far as this point is concerned, the learned counsel for the appellant
was right when he submitted that such a contention raising mixed question
of law and fact was never taken by the respondent company at any stage in
the hierarchy of proceedings. No such contention was canvassed before the E
appellate authority as well as before the learned single Judge nor before the
Division Bench. However, in our view, this point goes to the root of the
jurisdiction and authority of the appellant to tax non-residential premises by
way of water-tax. It, therefore, becomes necessary for us to consider this
point. When we tum to the judgment under appeal, we find, as noted earlier, F
that the Division Bench has clearly mentioned that the Noti.fication of the
Govt. of U.P. dated 18th September, 1958 authorised the Board to assess
water-tax on residential buildings within a radius of 600 feet from the nearest
stand pipe under Section 129(a) of the Act. These recitals prima facie, showed
that the appellant Board was not authorised to impose water-tax on non-
residential building like factory premises. G
In order to ascertain whetl1er there was any other Notification entitling
the appellant Board to recover water-tax even on non-residential buildings, we
posted these appeals by our order dated 30th July, 1998 to a further date for
. enabling the learned counsel for the appellant to supply the information
T_J
regarding Notification dated 12th September, 1958 and thereafter it stood .l~
110 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A further adjourned from time to time till it was listed on 17th November, 1998 '
for hearing learned counsel for the parties only on this limited question
pertaining to point no. 5. Learned counsel for the appellant Board in the
meantime has filed an additional affidavit dated 3rd Nov., 1998 ofone Badaru
Zaman, presently working as Suit's clerk in Nagar Palika Parishad, Saharanpur
B wherein it was averred that water-tax was imposed pursuant to rules framed
by the Hon 'ble Governor in exercise of power conferred under Section 296 of
the U.P. Municipalities Act, 1916 which were published vide Notification No.
3218-S/IX-B-348-55 dated Sept. 12, 1956 for the Saharanpur Municipality. The
Hindi version of the said gazette notification was published in a booklet
known as Nagarpalika Saharanpur's bye laws, rules and regulations in its
C edition dated 6th October, 1973. Along with the affidavit its English version
is also enclosed. The said printed booklet was produced before us. The said
booklet clearly shows that on 12th Sept., 1956 relevant rules were framed by
the appellant Municipality imposing amongst others, water-tax which were
subsequently got sanctioned by the Govt. Order dated 12th Sept., 1958. The
D said rules recited that in continuation of the Government notification dated
24th July, 1956 the Governor in exercise of the powers conferred under section
296 of the U.P. Municipalities Act, 1916, has made the Rules for the assessment
and collection of water-tax of Saharanpur Municipality. Amongst others, Rule
8 read as under :

E "With reference to Section 129(a) of the Act, the radius governing the
imposition of the water-tax shall be 600 ft."

Along with the said affidavit was also produced an extract ofU.P. Municipalities
Act, 1916. In the said extract published in 1957 Section 129 of the U.P.
Municipalities Act as it then stood read as under :
F
"I 29. Restrictions on the imposition of water-tax - The imposition of
a tax under clause (x) of sub-section ( 1) of section 128 shall be subject
to the following restrictions namely,-

(a) that the tax shall not be imposed on land exclusively used for
G
agricultural purposes, or, where the unit of assessment is a plot
of land or a building as hereinafter defined on any such plot or
building of which no part is within a radius, to be fixed by rule.
in this behalf for each municipality, from the nearest stand-pipe
or other water-work whereat water is made available to the public
H by the board; and
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.] 111

(b) that the tax is imposed solely with the object of defraying the A
expenses connected with lhe construction, maintenance,
extension of improvement of municipal water-works and that all
moneys derived therefrom shall be expended solely on aforesaid
object.

Explanation - In this section - B
(a) "building" shall include the compound (if any) thereof, and,
where there are several buildings in common compound, all such
buildings and the common compound;

(b) "a plot of land" means any piece of land held by a single
occupier, or held in common by several co-occupiers; whereof C
no one portion is entirely separated from any other portion by
the land of another occupier or of other co-occupiers or by
public property."
A mere look at the said provision shows that in 1957 the Act authorised the
appellant Municipality to impose water-tax under Section 128 {I) clause (x) D
subject to the restriction that the tax shall not be imposed on any plot or
building of which no part is within the radius prescribed for the municipality
from the nearest stand-pipe or other water work. The rules framed by the
appellant Municipality which came into force on 12th September, 1958 amongst
others, as noted earlier, included Rule 8 which with reference to Section 129(a) E
of the Act permitted the appellant Municipality to impose water-tax on lands
or buildings which were within the radius of 600 feet from the nearest water
stand pipe. A conjoint reading of Section 129 !(a) and the aforesaid rule 8
of the appellant's Rules leaves no room for doubt that after 1958 the appellant
Municipality imposed water-tax on lands and buildings which fell within the
radius of 600 ft. from the nearest water stand pipe. There was no restriction F
under these rules to show that the radius of 600 ft. was confined only to
residential buildings as tried to be suggested by learned senior counsel Shri
Nariman for the respondent. It is of course true that the District Magistrate
in his order at page 24 of Volume II and the High Court in the impugned
judgment at page 6 have referred to notification dated 12th Sept., 1958 G
pertaining to only residential buildings. But when the copy of the original
notification as produced with the additional affidavit of Shri Badaru Zaman
aforesaid is seen along with the relevant rules no doubt is left in our mind
that the said notification entitled the appellant Municipality to impose water-
tax on lands and buildings of all types situated within the municipal limits and
which were in the radius of 600 ft. from the nearest water stand pipe. Shri H
112 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1998] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A Nariman, learned senior counsel for the respondent submitted that when the
High Court has referred to notification dated 12th Sept., 1958 the copy of the
notification relied upon in this additional affidavit may refer to some other
notification. The aforesaid contention cannot be sustained for the simple
reason that a close look at the said notification shows that the sanction for
B imposition of water-tax is pursuant to the Government Order dated 12th Sept.,
1958 but the draft rules appeared to have been framed on 12th Sept., 1956.
The High Court and the District Magistrate seem to have referred to 12th
Sept., 1958, as the date on which the relevant rules came into force. As the
disputed assessment is for a period after 12th Sept., 1958, the objection raised
by Shri Nariman about any inconsistency regarding date of the rules pales
C into insignificance. Shri Nariman, learned senior counsel for the respondent
then submitted that the Gazette Notification is still not produced and only a
booklet is produced. But when we turn to the printed booklet, we do find that
what is printed at page 9 of the booklet does refer to the relevant Notification
as in terms the number of the relevant notification has been mentioned. There
D is nothing to indicate that the said notification would not have been gazetted
in the same form in which it is printed in the booklet. Presumption under
Section 114 of the Indian Evidence Act regarding the performance of Officials
Act therefore, would clearly get attracted in the facts of the present case.
Nothing was pointed out to us by learned senior counsel for the respondent
to indicate that there was any contrary gazette notification or that the gazette
E notification was laying down any different scheme as compared to the one
which is printed in the booklet of 1973 which has stood the test of time for
all these years. Consequently, point no. 5 is answered against the respondent
and in favour of the appellant by holding that the notification of 12th Sept.
1958 also brought the factory premises of the respondent company within the
F . tax net of water-tax and the said notification did not cover only the residential
buildings. This point is therefore, answered in favour of the appellant and
against the respondent.

Point No. 6:

G As a result of the aforesaid finding on the relevant points, we set aside
the order of the Division Bench and confirm the order of the learned single
Judge and allow the writ petition of the appellant Municipality on the reasoning
indicated herein-above. It is held that the impugned levy of water-tax on
residential and non-residential buildings of the respondent company was
perfectly justified in the facts and circumstances of the case. As the levy of
H the water-tax for the relevant period is found to be well sustained there will
MUNI. BD. SAHARANPUR v. IMPE. TOBACCO OF INDIA LTD. [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.] 113

remain no question of refunding any amount collected by the appellant A
towards the said levy from the respondent.

The appeal is accordingly allowed. In the facts and circumstances of the
case, there will be no order as to costs.

v.s.s. Appeal allowed. B