MOHMEDRAFIZ HUSENMIYA THAKOR AND ORS.versusSTATE OF GUJARAT

A           MOHMEDRAFIZ HUSENMIYA THAKOR AND ORS.
                                          v.
                              STATE OF GUJARAT

                               DECEMBER 3, 1996

B                 [DR. AS. ANAND AND K.T. THOMAS, JJ.]


          Criminal Law :

          Indian Penal Code, 1860-Section 302/Terrorist and Disrnptive Ac-
C tivities [Prevention] Act,-Section 3 and 4-f'rosecution under-With regard
  to 5 appellants identification by eye-witness corroborated by other wit-
  nesses-ffeld, conviction justified-Hence, upheld-With regard to 2 appel-
  lants--1dentifi cation by only one witness-No corroboration by other
  witnesses-Hence, acquitted-With regard to other 2 appellants their names
D memioned as assailants by eye-witness-2 other accused bearing the same
  name, acquitted by trial coult-Held, there is reasonable doubt as to identity
  of the accused whether the witness meant the appellant or other two ac-
  cused-Hence, acquitted.

E        Criminal Trial : Regarding evidence in cases involving multiplicity of
  accused-Trial Courts to indicate the rank of the accused, besides using the
  name-High Courts to issue circulars to Trial Courts to implement the
  practical suggestion to avoid possible miscarriage of justice-It is essential
  since the appellate and revisional Courts have to exercise jurisdiction with the
F help of records.

           63 persons, inclnding the 9 appellants were charged under Section
    302 IPC & Sections 3 & 4, TADA Act. There were 3 eye witnesses to the
    incident. In trial before the Designated Court, one eyewitness [P.W. 5],
    deposed that he identified A-42, A-43, A-44, A-45, A-46, A-47, A-48, A-49
G   and A-58 as assailants. Another eyewitness [P.W. 6], deposed that he
    identified only A- 42, A-45, A-46, A-49 and A-58. The third eyewitness [P.W.
    4], identified A-42, A-45, and A-58. He also named 'M' and 'I' as assailants
    who were treated by the trial court as A-43 and A-47. There were 2 other
    accused A-1 and A-53 bearing the same name. There was no corroboration
H   with regard to A-44 and A-48.
                                         504
                         M.H. TIIAKOR v. STATE     i                     505

     Relying on the eyewitnesses, the trial court convicted the appellants      A
and acquitted the rest of the accused including A-1 and A-53.

      In appeal u/s 19 of TADA Act, this Court

       HELD : 1. The Court is unable to sustain the convictioil of four
 appellants who are A-43, A-44, A-47 and A-48. Therefore, the conviction        B
 and sentence passed on them is set aside. No other witness has supported
 the version of PW. 5 that A-44 & A-48 were also the assailants. The
·reference made by PW. 4 could as well apply to A-53 and A-1 also instead
 of A-43 and A-47. There is a real doubt regarding the identity of the
 accused as to whether PW. 4 would have meant A-53 and A-1. The Mnefit          C
 of that reasonable doubt is extended to A-43 & A-47. [509-G-H' C-Dl('

      2. PW-5 has identified all the 9 appellants as participants in the
crime, but PW-6 has identified only A-42, A- 45, A-46, A-49 and A-58 and
PW-4 has also said that A-42, A-45 and A-58 were participants in the
incident. In view of facts and circumstances, the conviction and sentence
                                                                                D
passed by the trial court on other appellants viz. A-42, A-45, A-46, A-49 &
A-58 is confirmed. [508-H; 509-A-B; 510-A-B]

       [The court observed that the trial court should indicate the rank of
the accused, besides using the name, while recording evidence in cases          E
involving multiplicity of accused; it would be profitable for the High Courts
to issue circulars to the trial courts to implement this practical suggestion
to avoid possible miscarriage of justice - resulting solely on account of
defective and truncated recordin~ of evidence in criminal cases involving
many accused, and that it is a necessary for the appellate and revisional
                                                                                F
courts, since such courts have to ' exercise jurisdiction only with the help
of records.] [509-E-G]

     CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
31of1992.
                                                                                G
     From the Judgment and Order dated 30.11.91 of the Designated
Court in Kheda at Nadiad, in Gujarat in Cr!. Case No. 2 of 1991.

      U.R. Lalit and Ms. Kamini Jaiswal for the Appellant.

      Dr. N.M. Ghatate, Ms. N. Mukherjee and Ms. Hemantika Wahi for             H
    506                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1996] SUPP. 9 S.C.R.

A the Respondent.
          Uma Nath Singh (NP) for the Complainant.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by :

B         THOMAS, J. Girishbhai was a Secretary of the local unit (Bhalej) of
    Vishwa Hindu Parishad and he was murdered by a group of people by
    attacking him with lethal weapons on the night of 27.3.1990. Police charge·
    sheeted 63 persons for the said murder and also for certain other allied
    offences before a designated Court at Kheda district (Gujarat State) set
C   up under the Terrorists and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987
    (for short 'the TADA Act'). Learned Judge has convicted nine of them of
    the charge of murder with the aid of section 149 !PC and sentenced them
    to undergo imprisonment for life. They are the appellants in this appeal
    which has been filed under Section 19 of the TADA Act. (We may mention
D   here itself that two other accused-Jusabmiya Rahimmiya (A51) and Moh·
    sinmiya Rasulmiya (A62) · were convicted under Section 323 !PC and
    sentenced to suffer simple imprisonment for two months and they too have
    joined as appellants in this appeal. But in view of the relatively minor
    offence found against them learned counsel for the appellants did not press
E   the appeal as for those two persons, more so because both of them had
    already undergone the sentence). Appeal on their behalf would, therefore,
    stand dismissed. As the accused are so many in number and as the names
    of many of them have closed resemblance with the names of some other
    accused, we propose, for convenience, to refer to them in this judgment by
F   the rank given to each of them in the trial court.

       Facts of the prosecution case are summarised like this : There was
  communjl) unrest in the village Bhalej for some time. People belonging to
  two communities were on warpath against each other and criminal cases
  were registered by the police against some persons belonging to both
G communities. Girishbhai, being the Secretary of Bhalej Unit of Vishwa
  Hindu Parishad became a focus for those who were opposed to the
  movement. On the day of occurrence, Girishbhai along with Jitubhai
  (PW5) and Nathubhai (PW6) alighted from a bus at Bhalej old Bus stop
  around 9.00 p.m. As they proceeded and reached near Rafiq Pan Centre,
H they were surrounded by a large number of people who were variously
                  M.H. THAKOR v. STATE [THOMAS, J.]                      507
armed with spear, razor and lathis etc. One of them (Mahemudmiya A
Isainiya • A49) gave a clarion call to kill the deceased and so saying he
aimed a blow at the deceased with a dharia. The blow was warded off by
the deceased with his hands. Then a feeble attempt was made by Jitubhai
(PW5) and Nathubhai (PW6) to save their comrade, but they were driven
away by the assailants during the course of which they too were beaten with B
lathis. Thereafter, the assailants showered Girishbhai with blows using
weapons in their hands. One Anil Kumar (PW4) who happened to see the
beginning part of the encounter rushed to house of the village Sarpanch
(PW3} and informed him of the incident. PW3 then set out in search of
the deceased but could not locate him even at the place of incident. He C
later came to know that Girishbhai was taken in a car to the hospital in a
badly injured condition. Later, Girishbhai succumbed to his injuries.

      First Information Report was registered on the strength of a com-
plaint lodged by PW3. The Investigating Officer arrested the accused and
recovered some weapons. On completion of investigation final report was D
laid against 63 persons for offences ranging from section 302 !PC to
Sections 3 and 4(4} of the TADA Act. However, learned judge of the
designated court found that prosecution succeeded in proving that the nine
appellants have committed the offence under section 302 read with section
149, !PC, but could not prove any other offence. Accordingly, the nine E
appellants were convicted and sentences as aforesaid.

       Girishbhai snstained a large number of injuries from the pate of his
head upto the tibial mallasous of his legs. Such injuries included lacerated
wounds involving his skull and brain and incised wounds involving other
                                                                                F
vital organs. Details of the wounds have been described by Dr. Mohd. Iliyas
(PWl} in the post-mortem certificate. It is not necessary to reproduce the
details of those injuries here because it is not disputed before us that
Girishbhai was mangled brutally and fatally on the night of 27.3.1990 by
attacking him with lethal weapons. The main point raised before us by Sri
UR Lalit, learned Senior counsel, is that evidence in this case is too meagre   G
to establish that appellants were among the assailants.

       We have no doubt that PW5 and PW6 have seen the occurrence, at
least the beginning of it. PW3 who gave FIR on the same night had given
a narration in it that Girishbhai went in the company of PW5 and PW6 H
    508                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 9 S.C.R.

A after alighting from the bus and later PW3 knew that Girishbhai became
    victim of a violent attack and then he rushed to the scene and on the way
    he came across PW5 and PW6 who gave him a curt summary of the plight
    of Girishbhai. Moreover, PW5 and PW6 were also subjected to assault in
    the incident and they too sustained, though very minor, some injuries. We
B   have no reason to think that PW5 and PW 6 would have falsely testified
    that they witnessed the first part of the occurrence. We are satisfied, on a
    perusal of their testimony that the trial court has rightly placed reliance on
    the testimony of those two witnesses.

          PW4 (Anil Kumar) is another witness who said that he saw a part of
C the occurrence. His version is that while he was proceeding to the godown
     of his uncle he happened to see the deceased in the company of Jitubhai
     (PW5) and Nathubhai (PW6). As they were proceeding near Rafiq Pan
    Centre, PW4 saw some persons emerging from ambush near the cabin
    situated on the road side, armed with weapons and attacking the deceased
D   Girishbhai. PW4 took to his heels and reached the house of the Sarpanch
    (PW3) and conveyed to him the frightening news. It is pertinent to note in
    this context that PW3 has also said that he came to know of the incident
    first when Anil Kumar (PW4) told him about it at his house. Learned trial
    judge has found the testimony of PW4 quite reliable and we have no reason
E   to dissent from it.

          From the account given by PW4, PW5 and PW6, we have no doubt
    that the assailants who attacked the deceased were far more than five in
    number who formed themselves into an unlawful assembly whose common
    object was to finish off Girishbhai.
                                                                                     -
F
          But the crucial question is whether appellants, or any one of them,
    were members of the unlawful assembly. If it was so, the conviction and
    sentence passed by the trial court on such of them, are liable to be upheld.

         The nine appellants are A42 (Mohmedrafiq). A43 (Mehboobmiya
G   Lalmiya), A44 (Mohmed Hanif), A45 (Imtyaz Ibraham), A46 (Idrisbhai
    Gafoorbhai), A47 (Isamiya Alimiya), A48 (Basirmiya Insammiya), A-49.
    (Mahemudmiya Isamiya) and A58 (Mohmedmiya alias Marnia Salimmiya)

          PW5 (Jitubhai) has identified during trial stage all the nine appel-
H !ants as participants in the crime but PW6 (Nathubhai) has identified
                      M.H.THAKORv. STATE [THOMAS,J.]                       509

    only A42 (Mohmedrafik), A45 (Imtyaz Ibrahim), A46 (Idrisbhai A
    Gafurbhai), A49 (Mahemudmiya Isamiya) and ASS (Mohmedmiya) as


-
    the assailants. We have no difficulty in concurring with the finding of the
    trial court that those five persons were members of the unlawful assemb-
    ly. Anil Kumar (PW4) has also said that A42, A45 and A58 were
    participants in the incident. But no other witness has supported the B
    version of PW5 that A44 (Mohmedhanif) and A48 (Basirmiya Insam-
    miya) were also the assailants.

           Of course, PW4 has deposed that he identified Mahemudmiya and
     Isamiya also among the assailants but we have difficulty in this case for
     fixing up those two persons as A43 and A47 because among the 63 C
     accused, there are two other persons also bearing the same names. They
     are A53 (Maheboobmixa Akbarmiya) and Al (Isamiya Mirsabmiya) As
     PW4 in his deposition has described the said two accused by the names
     "Mahboobmiya" and "lsamiya" without any further prefix or suffix. The
     reference made by the witness could as well apply to A53 and Al also D
                                         •
     instead of A43 and A47. There is a real doubt regarding the identity
     of the accused as to whether PW4 would have meant A53 when he said
     the name "Mahboobmiya" and Al when he said the name "Isamiya". We
     are inclined to extend the benefit of that reasonable doubt to A43 and
     A47.                                                                      E
           We wish to utilise this opportunity to impress upon the trial courts
     of the need to indicate the rank of the _accused, besides using the name,
     while recording evidence in cases involving multiplicity of accused. It
     would be profitable for the High Courts to issue circulars to the trial
                                                                                  F
     courts to implement this practical suggestion to avoid possible miscar-
     riage of justice resulting solely on account of defective and truncated
     recording of evidence in criminal cases, involving many. accused. It is a
     necessity for the appellate and revisional courts since such courts have
     to exercise jurisdiction only with the help of records of the case.
                                                                                  G
            The result of the above discussion is that we are unable to sustain
      the conviction of four appellants who are A43 (Maheboobmiya Lalmiya),
      A44 (Mohmedhanif), A47 (Isamiya) and A48 (Basirmiya Insarnmiya).
      We, therefore, allow their appeal and set aside the conviction and sen-
    . tence passed on them. Their bail bonds are discharged. We acquit them H
    510                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996) SUPP. 9 S.C.R.

A and direct them to be set at liberty if they are not required in any other
    case but we confirm the conviction and sentence passed by the trial court
    on other appellants who are A42 (Mohmedrafik), A45 (Imtyaz Ibrahim),
    A46 (Idrisbhai Gafurbhai), A49 (Mahemudmiya Isamiya) and A58 (Moh-
    medmiya alias Mamlo). Steps shall be taken to put them back in jail, if     -
B   they are not in custody now. Their bail bonds (except of A42) are .
    cancelled.

    K.K.T.                                                  Appeal allowed.