MOHINDER SINGHversusSTATE OF PUNJAB

                        [2013) 3 S.C.R. 90


A                       MOHINDER SINGH
                               v.
                       STATE OF PUNJAB
            (Criminal Appeal Nos. 1278-1279 of 2010)
                        JANUARY 28, 2013
B
           [P. SATHASIVAM AND FAKKIR MOHAMED
                   IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, JJ.]

        Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - ss.366, 432 and
C 433A - Double murder - Appellant-accused committed
  murder of his wife and daughter in the background of inimical
  relationship between them on account of criminal cases
  registered against him by his wife for committing rape on the
  said daughter, for which he was sentenced to rigorous
o imprisonment for 12 years, and for attacking her after release
  on parole for which an FIR was registered against him -
  Appellant had committed the offence with a deadly weapon
  i.e. 'Ku/hara' (Axe) - Trial court convicted the appellant u/
  s.302 IPC and sentenced him to death - High Court affirmed
E the conviction and confirmed the death sentence - Held: In
  the peculiar facts and circumstances, the case did not fall
  within the category of 'rarest of rare case' though it called for
  stringent punishment - Appellant was feeling frustrated
  because of the attitude of his wife and children - It was thirst
F for retaliation, which became the motivating factor in this case
  - Appellant not such a dangerous person that sparing his life
  will endanger the community - He did not harm his other
  daughter, namely, PW-2 even though he had a good chance
  for the same - Moreover, probability of appellant's
G rehabilitation and reformation not foreclosed - Therefore, his
  sentence modified from one of death penalty to that of life
  imprisonment till the end of his life - Appellant to undergo
  rigorous imprisonment for life meaning thereby the end of his
  life subject, however, subject to remission granted by the

H                                90
     MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                   91

appropriate Government satisfying the conditions prescribed   A
in s.432 CrPC and further substantiate check u/s.433A CrPC
by passing appropriate speaking orders.

    According to the prosecution, the appellant-accused
committed murder of llis wife and daughter-'G' in the
                                                              8
background of inimical relationship between them on
account of criminal cases registered against him by his
wife for committing rape on 'G', for which he was
sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for 12 years, and for
attacking her after release on parole for which an FIR
was registered against him. The appellant had entered         C
the scene of occurrence to commit the said offence
carrying a deadly weapon i.e. 'Kulhara' (Axe) which was
used in the commission of both the killings. The
appellant committed the offence in the presence of his
youngest daughter (PW-2). The trial court convicted the       D
appellant under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to
death. By the impugned judgment, the High Court
dismissed the appeal of the appellant and confirmed the
death sentence imposed on him by the trial court.
                                                              E
    Disposing of the appeals, the Court

    Per Sathasivam, J. [for himself and Kalifulla, J.]

     HELD: 1. In terms of Section 366(1) of CrPC, when
the Court of Session passes a sentence of death, the F
proceedings shall be submitted to the High Court, and
the sentence shall not be executed unless it is confirmed
by the High Court. The scope and application of the
above section is only in cases where a sentence of death
has been passed by the Court of Session. The Court of G
Session should refer the proceedings to the High Court
and the High Court can only deal with them as a Court
of reference. It is the practice of the High Court to be
satisfied on the facts as well as the law of the case, that
the conviction is right, before it proceeds to confirm that H
    92      SUPREME COURT REPORTS           [2013) 3 S.C.R.

A sentence. In other words, the High Court has to come to
  its own independent conclusion as to the guilt or
  innocence of the accused, independently of the opinion
  of the Judge. In a reference for confirmation of death
  sentence, the High Court must examine the entire
B evidence for itself independent of the Session Court's
  views. While confirming the capital sentence, the High
  Court is under an obligation to itself consider what
  sentence should be imposed and not be content with the
  trial Court's decision on the point unless some reason is
c shown for reducing the same. Where, in addition to an
  appeal filed by an accused sentenced to death, the High
  Court has to dispose of the reference for confirmation of
  death sentence under Section 366 of the Code, the High
  Court, while dealing with reference, should consider the
  proceedings in all its aspects and come to an
D independent conclusion ori the material on record apart
  from the views expressed by the Sessions Judge. The
  confirmation of death sentence cannot be based only on
  the precedents and or aggravating facts and
  circumstances of any other case. [Para 5] [101-G-H; 102-
E A-E]

       2.1. In the instant case, the accused-appellant had
  earlier committed rape on his deceased daughter-'G' in
  1999 and in that case, his deceased wife was a witness
F wherein the accused was convicted under Sections 376
  and 506 IPC and sentenced to RI for 12 years. It is also
  subsequently taken on record that his deceased wife sent
  the accused out of his house and as a consequence, he
  had to live separately in a rented house with no means
G of livelihood. It was thirst for retaliation, which became
  the motivating factor in this case. The case of the
  accused does not come within the category of "rarest of
  rare" case to award death penalty. [Para 15] [106-G-H;
  107-A-B]
H
       MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                      93


     2.2. The doctrine of "rarest of rare" confines two             A
aspects and when both the aspects are satisfied only
then the death penalty can be imposed. Firstly, the case
must clearly fall within the ambit of "rarest of rare" and
secondly, when the alternative option is unquestionably
foreclosed. Bachan Singh case suggested selection of                B
death punishment as the penalty of last resort when,
alternative punishment of life imprisonment will be futile
and serves no purpose. [Para 16] [107-C-D]

      2.3. In life sentence, ttiere is a possibility of achieving   C
 deterrence, rehabilitation and retribution in different
 degrees. But the same does not hold true for the death
 penalty. It is unique· in its absolute rejection of the
 potential of convict to rehabilitate and reform. It
·extinguishes life and thereby terminates the being,
 therefore, puts an end anything to do with the life. This          D
 is the big difference between two punishments. Thus,
 before imposing death penalty, it is imperative to consider
 the same. [Para 17] [107-E-F]

     2.4. "Rarest of rare" dictum hints at this difference          E
between death punishment and the alternative
punishment of life imprisonment. Life imprisonment can
be said to be completely futile, only when the sentencing
aim of reformation can be said to be unachievable.
Therefore, for satisfying the second aspect to the "rarest          F
of rare" doctrine, the court will have to provide clear
evidence as to why the convict is not fit for any kind of
reformatory and rehabilitation scheme. [Para 18] [107-G-
H; 108-A]
     2.5. Treating the instant case on the touchstone of the        G
guidelines laid down in Bachan Singh, Machhi Singh and
other decisions and balancing the aggravating and
mitigating circumstances emerging from the evidence on
record, the instant case cannot appropriately be called
                                                                    H
    94       SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2013] 3 S.C.R.


A the "rarest of rare" case warranting death penalty. Also
  it is difficult to hold that the appellant is such a dangerous
  person that sparing his life will endanger the community.
  Also it cannot be said that the circumsta!'lces of the crime
  are such that there is no other alternative but to impose
B death sentence even after according maximum weightage
  to the mitigating circumstances in favour of the accused.
  This case is the one in which humanist approach must
  be taken in the matter of awarding punishment. [Para 19]
  [108-B-D]
c        2.6. It is well settled law that awarding of life sentence
    is a rule and death is an exception. Life imprisonment
    cannot be equivalent to imprisonment for 14 years or 20
    years or even 30 years, rather it always means the whole
    natural life. This Court has always clarified that the
D   punishment of a fixed term of imprisonment so awarded
    would be subject to any order passed in exercise of
    clemency powers of the President of India or the
    Governor of the State, as the case may be. Pardons,
    reprieves and remissions under Article 72 or Article 161
E   of the Constitution of India are granted in exercise of
    prerogative power. There is no scope of judicial review
    of such orders except on very limited grounds such as
    the non-application of mind while passing the order, non-
    consideration of relevant material, or if the order suffers
F   from arbitrariness. The power to grant pardons and to
    commute sentences is coupled with a duty to exercise
    the same fairly, reasonably and in terms of restrictions
    imposed in several provisions of the Code. A convict
    undergoing life imprisonment is expected to remain in
G   custody till the end of his life, subject to any remission
    granted by the appropriate Government under Section
    432 of the Code which in turn is subject to the procedural
    checks mentioned in the said provision and further
    substantive check in Section 433-A of the Code. [Paras
H   20, 21 and 22] [108-E-H; 109-A-C-H; 110-A-B]
      MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                  95

     2.7. One significant factor in this case, which we        A
should not loose sight of is that he did not harm his other
daughter, namely, PW-2 even though he had a good
chance for the same. Further, it was highlighted that he
being a poor man and unable to earn his livelihood since
he was driven out of his house by his deceased wife. It        B
is also his claim that if he was allowed to live in the
house, he could easily meet both his ends and means,
as the money which he was spending by paying rent
would have been saved. It is his further grievance that
his deceased wife was adamant that he should live              c
outside and should not lead a happy married life and that
was the reason that their relations were strained. This
also shows that the accused was feeling frustrated
because of the attitude of his wife and children.
Moreover, the probability of the offender's rehabilitation
                                                               0
and reformation is not foreclosed in this case. Likewise,
it is seen from the affidavit filed by the sister of the
accused that his family has not totally renounced as yet.
Hence, there is a possibility for reformation in the present
appellant. For the reasons aforementioned, this is not a       E
case where death penalty should be imposed .. The
appellant-accused, therefore, instead of being awarded
death ·penalty, is sentenced to undergo rigorous
imprisonment for life, meaning thereby, the end of his life
but subject to any remission granted by the appropriate
Government satisfying the conditions prescribed in             F
Section 432 CrPC further substantiate check under
Section 433-A CrPC by passing appropriate speaking
orders. [Paras 23, 24] [110-B-G; 111-A-B]
    Bachan Singh vs. State of Punjab (1980) 2 SCC 684          G
and Machhi Singh and Ors. vs. State of Punjab (1983) 3 SCC
470: 1983 (3) SCR 413 - relied on.
    State of Uttar Pradesh vs. Sanjay Kumar (2012) 8 SCC
537; Sangeet and Anr. vs. State of Haryana 2012 (11) Scale     H
    96      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2013] 3 S.C.R.

A 140 and Panchhi & Ors. vs. State of U.P. (1998) 7 SCC 177:
  1998 (1) Suppl. SCR 40 - referred to.
                        Case Law Reference:
         1998 (1) Suppl. SCR 40    referred to         Para 11
B
         (1980) 2 sec 684          relied on           Para 12
         1983 (3) SCR 413          relied on           Para 13
         (2012) a sec 537          referred to         Para 21
c        2012 (11) Scale 140       referred to         Para 22

         Per Kalifulla, J. [Supplementing]

       1.1. The conduct of the appellant, if analyzed, based
  on the previous crimes committed by him, it is found that
D in the year 1999 as found by the courts below the
  appellant committed rape on his deceased daughter 'G'
  when she was minor and that too after beating her. To
  which beastly action, unfortunately the other deceased
  (viz) his wife, was an eye-witness. The conduct of the
E appellant in the commission of the said offence was not
  only bordering on immorality of the highest order but
  would be extremely difficult for anyone to lightly brush
  aside such a conduct by stating that either it was
  committed in a fit of anger or rage or such other similar
F situation. When the father himself happens to be the
  assailant in the commission of such beastly crime, one
  can visualize the pathetic situation in which the girl would
  have been placed and that too when such a shameless
  act was committed in the presence of her own mother.
G When the daughter and the mother were able to get their
  grievances redressed by getting the appellant convicted
  for the said offence of rape one would have in the normal
  course expected the appellant to have displayed a
  conduct of remorse. Unfortunately, the subsequent
H conduct of the appellant when he was on parole
     MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                  97


disclosed that he approached the victims in a far more A
 vengeful manner by assaulting the hapless victims which
 resulted in filing of an FIR once in the year 2005 and
subsequently when he was on parole in the year 2006.
 The monstrous mindset of the appellant appears to have
 not subsided by mere assault on the victims who B
 ultimately displayed his extreme inhuman behaviour by
 eliminating his daughter and wife in such a gruesome
 manner in which. he committed the murder by inflicting
 the injuries on the vital parts of the body of the deceased
 and that too with all vengeance at his command in order c
 to ensure that they met with instantaneous death. The
 nature of injuries as described in the postmortem report
 speaks for itself as to the vengeance with which the
 appellant attacked the hapless victims. He was not even
 prepared to spare his younger daughter (viz) PW-2 who, 0
 however, escaped the wrath of the appellant by bolting
1
  herself inside a room after she witnessed the grotesque
  manner in which the appellant took away the life of his
 wife and daughter. [Para 9) [116-F-H; 117-A-H]
     1.2. However, the case still does not fall within the    E
category of 'rarest of rare case' though it calls for a
stringent punishment. Therefore, the sentence is modified
from one of death penalty to that of life imprisonment till
the end of his life. The appellant deserves to be sentenced
to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life meaning             F
thereby the end of his life subject, however, to remission
granted by the appropriate Government satisfying the
conditions prescribed in Section 432 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure and further substantiate check under
Section 433A of the Code by passing appropriate               G
speaking orders. [Paras 10, 11) [118-B-C, F-G]
    Bachan Singh Vs. State of Punjab (1980) 2 SCC 684;
Machhi Singh and others Vs. $t·:te of Punjab (1983) 3 SCC
470: 1983 (3) SCR 413; Swamy Shraddananda @ Murali
Manohar Mishra Vs. State of Karnataka (2008) 13 SCC 767:      H
    98       SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2013] 3 S.C.R.

A 2008 (11) SCR 93; Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar
  Vs. State of Maharashtra (2009) 6 SCC 498: 2009 (9) SCR
  90; Mohd. Farooq Abdul Gafur & Anr. Vs. State of
  Maharashtra (2010) 14 SCC 641: 2009 (12) SCR 1093;
  Haresh Mohandas Rajput Vs. State of Maharashtra (2011) 12
B SCC 56: 2011 (14) SCR 921; State of Maharashtra Vs.
  Goraksha Ambaji Adsul AIR 2011 SC 2689: 2011 (9) SCR
  41; Mohammed Ajma/ Mohammadamir Kasab @ Abu
  Mujahid Vs. State of Maharashtra JT 2012 (8) SC 4; Gopal
  Vinayak Godse Vs. State of Maharashtra & Ors. AIR 1961 SC
c 600: 1961 SCR 440 and Mohd. Munna Vs. Union of India
  and Ors. (2005) 7 SCC 417: 2005 (3) Suppl. SCR 233 -
  relied on.

       Ravji@ Ram Chandra Vs. State of Rajasthan (1996) 2
  SCC 175: 1995 (6) Suppl. SCR 195; Shivaji@ Dadya
D Shankar A/hat Vs. State of Maharashtra (2008) 15 SCC 269:
  2008 (13) SCR 81; Mohan Anna Chavan Vs. State of
  Maharashtra (2008) 7 SCC 561: 2008 (8) SCR 1072; Bantu
  Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh (2008) 11 SCC 113: 2008 (11)
  SCR 184; Surja Ram Vs. State of Rajasthan (1996) 6 SCC
E 271: 1996 (6) Suppl. SCR 783; Dayanidhi Bisoi Vs. State
  of Orissa (2003) 9 SCC 310 and State of Uttar Pradesh Vs.
  Sattan @ Satyendra & Ors. (2009) 4 SCC 736: 2009 (3) SCR
  643 - referred to.

F                        Case Law Reference:
     (1980) 2 sec 684           relied on           Para 5
     1983 (3) SCR 413           relied on           Para 5
     2008 (11) SCR 93           relied on           Para 8
G
     2009 (9) SCR 90            relied on           Para 8
     2009 (12) SCR 1093         relied on           Para 8
     2011 (14) SCR 921          relied on           Para 8
H    ~011   (9) SCR 41          relied on           Para 8
      MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                      99


  JT 2012 (8) SC 4            relied on             Para 8        A
  1995 (6) Suppl. SCR 195 referred to               Para 8
  2008 (13) SCR 81            referred to           Para 8
  2008 (8) SCR 1072           referred to           Para 8
                                                                  B
  2008 (11) SCR 184           referred to           Para 8
  1996 (6) Suppl. SCR 783 referred to               Para 8
  (2003) 9 sec 310            referred to           Para 8
  2009 (3) SCR 643            referred to           Para 8        c
  1961 SCR 440                relied on             Para 10
  2005 (3) Suppl. SCR 233 relied on                 Para 11
    CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal              D
Nos. 1278-1279 of 2010.
     From the Judgment & Order dated 30.05.2008 of the High
Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Murder
Reference No. 8 of 2007 and Criminal Appeal No. 1033-DB
of 2007.                                                          E
     Tripurari Raj, B.S. Bilowria, M.S. Kh~n. Vishnu Sharma for
the Appellant.
    V. Madhukar, AAG, Srajita Mathur, Anvita Cowshish,
Kuldip Singh for the Respondent.
                                                                  F
    The Judgments of the Court was deliverd by
     P. SATHASIVAM,J. 1. These appeals are filed against the
common final judgment and order dated 30.05.2008 passed
by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in
Murder Reference No. 8 of 200T and Criminal Appeal No.            G
1033-DB of 2007 whereby the High Court accepted the murder
reference and confirmed the death sentence imposed on the
appellant herein by the Sessions Judge, Ludhiana by order
dated 22.11.2007 in Session Case No. 32 of 2006 and
dismissed the appeal filed by him.                                H
    100       SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2013] 3 S.C.R.

A         2. Brief facts:
       (a) According to the prosecution, on 08.01.2006, the
  appellant-accused has committed murder of his wife-Veena
  Verma and daughter-Geetu Verma in the background of
  inimical relationship between them on account of criminal cases
B registered against him by his wife for committing rape on his
  minor daughter-Geetu Verma, for which he was sentenced to
  rigorous imprisonment for 12 years, and for attacking her after
  release on parole in January, 2005 for which an FIR was
  registered against him.
c       (b) On the date of incident, i.e., 08.01.2006, at around
  06:30 p.m., when Shalu Verma-the complainant, daughter of
  the appellant-accused was present along with her mother-
  Veena Verma and sister-Geetu Verma in their house at village
  Partap Singh Wala, Haibowal, Ludhiana, at that time, the
D appellant-accused, who was living separately in a rented
  accommodation, came to the said place carrying a Kulhara
  (axe) in his hand. The complainant informed her mother about
  the same. When Veena Verma came to the lobby of the house,
  the appellant-accused gave an axe blow on her head. She
E fell on the ground and, thereafter, he gave two more blows using
  axe on her neck and hand. Immediately after that, he stepped
  towards Geetu Verma and gave 3 repeated blows on her head.
  Both of them smeared with blood and died on the spot. When
  he approached Shalu, she went into the room and bolted the
F same from inside. The appellant-accused fled away leaving
  the axe at the spot. After sometime, she came outside the
  room and raised hue and cry.
        (c) On the basis of the statement of Shalu (PW-2), a First
  Information Report (FIR) being No. 6 was registered against
G the appellant-accused under Section 302 of the Indian Penal
  Code, 1860 (in short "the IPC") at P.S. Haibowal, Ludhiana. On
  the same day, the appellant-accused was arrested froni his
  rented house and the case was committed to the Court of
  Session, Ludhiana and numbered as Session Case No. 32 of
H 2006
     MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                    101
             [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]
    (d) The Sessions Judge, Ludhiana, by order dated A
22.11.2007, convicted the appellant under Section 302 of IPC
and sentenced him to death.

      (e) Against the said order, the appellant preferred an
appeal before the High Court and the State filed a reference
under Section 366 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 B
(in short 'the Code') for confirmation of death sentence. By a
common impugned order dated 30.05.2008, the High Court
while accepting the murder reference confirmed the death
reference imposed by the trial Court and dismissed the appeal
filed by the appellant-accused.                                C

    (f) Aggrieved by the said judgment, the appellant preferred
these appeals by way of special leave before this Court.

     (g) This Court, by order dated 20.07.2009, issued notice
                                                                0
on the special leave petitions confining to sentence only. Even
on 16.07.2010 when this Court granted leave, nothing has been
stated about the above said initial notice. Hence, in these
appeals, we are concerned about the quantum of sentence
imposed on the appellant.
                                                                E
     3. Heard Mr. Tripurari Raj, learned counsel for the
appellant and Mr. V. Madhukar, learned Additional Advocate
General for the respondent-State.

     4. Though at the outset, learned counsel for the appellant   F
insisted us to go into the entire merits of the case including
the circumstances relied on by the prosecution and accepted
by the Courts below, in view of the fact that this Court has
issued notice confining to sentence only, we rejected his plea.

     5. We are conscious of the fact that in terms of Section G
366(1) of the Code, when the Court of Session passes a
sentence of death, the proceedings shall be submitted to the
High Court, and the sentence shall not be executed unless it
is confirmed by the High Court. The scope and application of
the above section is only in cases where a sentence of death H
    102        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2013] 3 S.C.R.

A has been passed by the Court of Session. The Court of
  Session should refer the proceedings to the High Court and the
  High Court can only deal with them as a Court of reference. It
  is the practice of the High Court to be satisfied on the facts as
  well as the law of the case, that the conviction is right, before it
B proceeds to confirm that sentence. In other words, the High
  Court has to come to its own independent conclusion as to the
  guilt or innocence of the accused, independently of the opinion
  of the Judge. In a reference for confirmation of death sentence,
  the High Court must examine the entire evidence for itself
c independent of the Session Court's views. While confirming the
  capital sentence, the High Court is under an obligation to itself
  consider what sentence should be imposed and not be content
  with the trial Court's decision on the point unless some reason
  is shown for reducing the same. Where, in addition to an appeal
  filed by an accused sentenced to death, the High Court has to
0
  dispose of the reference for confirmation of death sentence
  under Section 366 of the Code, the High Court, while dealing
  with reference, should consider the proceedings in all its
  aspects and come to an independent conclusion on the
  material on record apart from the views expressed by the
E Sessions Judge. The confirmation of death sentence cannot be
  based only on the precedents and or aggravating facts and
  circumstances of any other case.

       6. Keeping the above principles in mind, let us analyze the
F materials placed before the trial Judge as well as the
  confirmation order of the High Court. In view of the limited notice
  and in the light of the mandates provided under Section 366
  of the Code relating to confirmation of death sentence by the
  High Court, we are of the view that considering two earlier
G orders passed by this Court on 20.07.2009 and 16.07.2010
  confining to the sentence, we intend to concentrate only to the
  question, namely, acceptability or otherwise of the "sentence"
  hereunder.

          7. No doubt, it is a case of double murder by the appellant-
H
       MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                    103
               [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]
 accused who murdered his wife and daughter in a gruesome           A
 manner in the background of inimical relationship between the
 family on account of criminal cases registered against the
 appellant-accused at the instance of his deceased wife -
 Veena Verma and deceased daughter- Geetu Verma for which
 he was sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for 12 years'·for        s
 committing rape on his daughter-Geetu Verma. In that case
  his deceased wife was a witness. It is seen that after release
 on parole in January, 2005, he attacked on his wife and an FIR
 was registered against him for violating the conditions of
. release. It is further seen that the accused committed the        c
  offence in the presence of his youngest daughter Shalu (PW-
  2). It is also proved that the appellant had entered the scene
  of occurrence to commit the said offence carrying a deadly
  weapon i.e. 'Kulhara' (Axe) which was used in the commission
  of both the killings. The members present in the house were
                                                                    0
  his family members, viz., wife and two daughters.

      8. We noticed the following special reasons given by the
trial Court for warranting the death sentence and the High Court
for confirming the same which are as follows:
                                                                    E
     (i) The appellant-accused had earlier committed rape on
his deceased daughter- Geetu Verma in the year 1999 when
she was a minor after giving beatings and threat to her and in
that case his wife-Veena Verma (since deceased) was a
witness and that a case under Sections 376 and 506 IPC was          F
registered against him which finally resulted in rigorous
imprisonment for 12 years.

      (ii) While on parole in January 2005, the appellant-accused
 having violated the conditions of release, attacked his wife-
 Veena Verma and an FIR being No. 58 dated 06.04.2005 was           G
 registered against him under Sections 323, 324 and 506 IPC
 which is pending in the Court of JMIC, Ludhiana on the date of
·alleged occurrence.
     (iii) The appellant-accused entered into the house with a      H
    104      SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2013] 3 S.C.R.

A deadly weapon 'Kulhara' (Axe) and caused unprovoked brutal
  attacks on the victims.
        (iv) The appellant-accused caused repeated blows on the
  vital parts of the body of his wife and daughter resulting in
  instantaneous deaths in the presence of his youngest daughter
8 of tender age, who by running into a room and bolting its from
  inside, saved herself when the accused proceeded towards her.
        (v) The appellant-accused gave first blow to his wife -
  Veena Verma from behind with Kulhara (axe) on her head and
c when she fell down on the ground he caused successive blows
  on her neck and the head and, thereafter, he attacked his
  daughter-Geetu Verma and caused repeated Kulhara blows
  till her death. Thereafter, he proceeded towards his youngest
  daughter Shalu (PW-2) and showed Kulhara to her, who ran into
0 a room and bolted it from inside.
        (vi) In the case of the deceased - Veena Verma, out of 4
  incised wounds, Injury Nos. 1 & 2 were caused on head, Injury
  No.3 on neck and Injury No. 4 resulted in partial amputation of
  left index finger from 1/3rd with clean cut margins. Regarding
E the deceased - Geetu Verma, who had been earlier subjected
  to diabolical act of rape by the appellant-accused during her
  minority in 1999, as many as 9 injuries were caused, out of
  which 7 were incised wounds and 2 were abrasions. Further,
  out of 7 incised wounds 3 had been caused on head region
F itself, 1 on the left mastoid and rest 3 on left and right elbow
  and fingers. In both the cases, the victims died instantaneous
  death.
      (vii) Apart from taking revenge for his conviction and
  sentence, the appellant-accused has committed the offence for
G personal gain as he wanted the house, being occupied by his
  deceased wife and children, to. be vacated for his personal use.
       9. The crime of double murder of his wife and daughter in
  a gruesome and diabolical manner will irrefutably be taken into
H consideration as aggravating circumstance. However, for some
        MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                      105
                [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]
 reasons, the High Court did not find any mitigating                  A
 circumstance in favour of the accused for the purpose of
 balancing aggravating against mitigating. Even, the High Court
 recorded at page 38 of the impugned order as under:-

      " ... In this background, looking for a strong mitigating       8
      circumstance, may not yield any result and this offence has
      in fact, ceased to remain a simple case of murder. This
      has rather acquired an enormity to the extent of rushing into
      the category of the "rarest of rare case."

      It is pertinent to mention that in spite of the onerous duty    C
 bestowed on the reference court to balance the aggravating and
 mitigating circumstances, the High Court evaded the same.

      10. On the other hand, the Sessions Court had attempted
 to draw a balance of aggravating and mitigating circumstances        o
 by stating two mitigating circumstances as follows:

       1.    Firstly, his age at the time of commission of crime .
             i.e. 41 years.

       2.    Secondly, that the accused is a poor man, who had        E
             no livelihood.

       While it is true that the above two circumstances alone will
. not make good for commuting the death sentence to life
  sentence, however, before we move on to enumerate the other         F
  mitigating circumstances in this case, it is necessary to
  consider few case laws which reiterate that brutality is not the
  sole criterion of determining whether a case falls under the
  "rarest of rare" categories.

      11. In Panchhi & Ors. vs. State of U.P., (1998) 7 SCC 177,      G
 this Court held that brutality is not the sole criterion of
 determining whether a case falls under the "rarest of rare"
 categories, thereby justifying the commutation of a death
 sentence to life imprisonment. This Court observed:
                                                                      H
    106        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2013] 3 S.C.R.

A         "No doubt brutality looms large in the murders in this case
          particularly of the old and also the tender age child. It may
          be that the manner in which a murder was perpetrated
          may be a ground but not the sole criterion for judging
          whether the case is one of the "rarest of rare cases" as
B         indicated in Bachan Singh's case."

       12. The Constitution Bench of this Court, by a majority,
  upheld the constitutional validity of death sentence in Bachan
  Singh vs. State of Punjab, (1980) 2 SCC 684. This Court took
C particular care to say that death sentence shall not normally be
  awarded for the offence of murder and that it must be confined
  to the "rarest of rare" cases when the alternative option is
  foreclosed. In other words, the Constitution Bench did not find
  death sentence valid in all cases except in the aforesaid cases
  wherein the lesser sentence would be wholly inadequate.
D
          13. In Machhi Singh and Ors. vs. State of Punjab, (1983)
    3 SCC 470, a three-Judge Bench of this Court while following
    the ratio in Bachan Singh (supra) laid down certain guidelines
    amongst which the following is relevant in the present case:
E
          "A balance-sheet of aggravating and mitigating
          circumstances has to be drawn up and in doing so the
          mitigating circumstances have to be accorded full
          weightage and a just balance has to be struck between
          the aggravating and the mitigating circumstances before
F         the option is exercised."

        14. We have extracted the above reasons of the two courts
  only to point out that, in a way, every murder is brutal, and the
  difference between the one from the other may be on account
G of mitigating or aggravating features surrounding the murder.
      15. In the instant case, as already mentioned, the accused
  had earlier committed rape on his deceased daughter-Geetu
  Verma in 1999 and in that case, his deceased wife - Veena ·
H Verma was a witness wherein the accused was convicted under
        MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                      107
                [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]
  Sections 376 and 506 IPC and sentenced to RI for 12 years.          A
  It is also subsequently taken on record that his deceased wife
  sent the accused out of his house and as a consequence, he
  had to live separately in a rented house with no means of
  livelihood. It was thirst for retaliation, which became the
  motivating factor in this case. In no words are we suggesting       B
  that the motive of the accused was correct rather we feel it does
  not come within the category of "rarest of rare" case to award
  death penalty.

       16. The doctrine of "rarest of rare" confines two aspects
 and when both the aspects are satisfied only then the death          C
 penalty can be imposed. Firstly, the case must clearly fall within
 the ambit of "rarest of rare" and secondly, when the alternative
 option is unquestionably foreclosed. Bachan Singh (supra)
 suggested selection of death punishment as the penalty of last
 resort when, alternative punishment of life imprisonment will be     D
 fUtile and serves no purpose.

         17. In life sentence, there is a possibility of achieving
   deterrence, rehabilitation and retribution in different degrees.
   But the same does not hold true for the death penalty. It is       E
   unique in its absolute rejection of the potential of convict to
   rehabilitate and reform. It extinguishes life and thereby
   terminates the being, therefore, puts an end anything to do with
:: the life. This is the big difference between two punishments.
   Thus, before imposing death penalty, it is imperative to
                                                                      F
   consider the same.

      18. "Rarest f rare" dictum, as discussed above, hints at
 this difference between death punishment and the alternative
 punishment of life imprisonment. The relevant question here
 would be to determine whether life imprisonment as a G
 punishment would be pointless and completely devoid of any
 reason in the facts and circumstances of the case. As
 discussed above, life imprisonment can be said to be
 completely futile, only when the sentencing aim of reformation
 can be said to be unachievable. Therefore, for satisfying the H.
    108      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2013) 3 S.C.R.


A   second aspect to the "rarest of rare" doctrine, the court will have
    to provide clear evidence as to why the convict is not fit for any
    kind of reformatory and rehabilitation scheme.

       19. Treating the case on the touchstone of the guidelines
  laid down in Bachan Singh (supra), Machhi Singh (supra) and
8 other decisions and balancing the aggravating and mitigating
  circumstances emerging from the evidence on record, we are
  not persuaded to accept that the case can appropriately be
  called the "rarest of rare" case warranting death penalty. We
  also find it difficult to hold that the appellant is such a dangerous
C person that sparing his life will endanger the community. We
  are also not satisfied that the circumstances of the crime are
  such that there is no other alternative but to impose death
  sentence even after according maximum weightage to the
  mitigating circumstances in favour of the accused. In our
D considered view, this case is the one in which humanist
  approach must be taken in the matter of awarding punishment.

       20. It is well settled law that awarding of life sentence is a
  rule and death is an exception. The application of the "rarest
E of rare" case principle is dependant upon and differs from case
  to case. However, the principles laid down and reiterated in
  various decisions of this Court show that in a deliberately
  planned crime, executed meticulously in a diabolic manner,
  exhibiting inhuman conduct in a ghastly manner, touching the
F conscience of everyone and thereby disturbing the moral fiber
  of the society, would call for imposition of capital punishment
  in order to ensure that it acts as a deterrent. While we are
  convinced that the case of the prosecution based on the
  evidence adduced confirms the commission of offence by the
  appellant, however, we are of the considered opinion that still
G the case does not fall within the four corners of the "rarest of
  rare" case.

        21. Life imprisonment cannot be equivalent to
  imprisonment for 14 years or 20 years or even 30 years, rather
H it always means the whole natural life. This Court has always
        MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                      109
               {P. SATHASIVAM, J.]
 clarified that the punishment of a fixed term of il)'lprisonment A
 so awarded w6uld be subject to any order passed in exercise
 of clemency powers of the President of India or ,the Governor
 of the State, as the case may be. Pardons, ~eprieves and
 remissions under Article 72 or Article 161 of the Constitution ·
 of India are granted in exercise of prerogative power. As B
 observed in State of Uttar Pradesh vs. Sanjay Kumar, (2012)
 8 SCC 537, there is no scope of judicial review of such orders
 except on very limited grounds such as the non-application of
 mind while passing the order, non-consideration of relevant
 material, or if the order suffers from arbitrariness. The power       c
 to grant pardons and to commute sentences is coupled with a
 duty to exercise the same fairly, reasonably and in terms of
 restrictions imposed in several provisions of the Code.

        22. In order to check all arbitrary remissions, the Code
  itself provides several conditions. Sub-sections (2) to (5) of       D
   Section 432 of the Code lay down basic procedure for making
  an application to the appropriate Government for suspension
  or remission of sentence either by the convict or someone on
  his behalf. We are of the view that exercise of power by the
  appropriate Government under sub-section (1) of Section 432          E
  of the Code cannot be suo motu for the simple reason that this
  is only an enabling provision and the same would be possible
  subject to fulfillment of certain conditions. Those conditions are
  mentioned either in the Jail Manual or in statutory rules. This
  Court in various decisions has held that the power of remission      F
  cannot be exercised arbitrarily. In other words, the decision to
  grant remission has to be well informed, reasonable and fair
  to all concerned. The statutory procedure laid down in Section
· 432 of the Code itself provides this check on the possible
  misuse of power by the appropriate Government. As rightly            G
  observed by this Court in Sangeet and Anr. vs. State of
  Haryana, 2012 (11) Scale 140, there is misconception that a
  prisoner serving life sentence has an indefeasible right to
  release on completion of either 14 years or 20 years
  imprisonment. A convict undergoing life imprisonment is              H
    110       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2013] 3 S.C.R.


A expected to remain in custody till the end of his life, subject to
  any remission granted by the appropriate Government under
  Section 432 of the Code which in turn is subject to the
  procedural checks mentioned in the said provision and further
  substantive check in Section 433-A of the Code.
B
        23. One significant fac;tor in this case, which we should not
  loose sight of is that he did not harm his other daughter, namely,
  Shallu (PW-2) even though he had a good chance for the same.
  Further, it was highlighted that he being a poor man and unable
C to earn his livelihood since he was driven out of his house by
  his deceased wife. It is also his claim that if he was allowed
  to live in the house, he could easily meet both his ends and
  means, as the money which he was spending by paying rent
  would have been saved. It is his further grievance that his
  deceased wife was adamant and he should live outside and
D should not lead a happy married life and that was the reason
  that their relations were strained. This also shows that the
  accused was feeling frustrated because of the attitude of his
  wife and children. Moreover, the probability of the offend~r's
  rehabilitation and reformation is not foreclosed in this case.
E Likewise, we can see from the affidavit filed by the sister of the
  accused that his family has not totally renounced as yet. This
  is also clear that pending the above appeals, the appellant-
  accused, through his sister - Pramjit Kaur, filed an application
  for modification of earlier orders of this Court dated 20.07.2009
F and 16.07.2010 for widening the scope of the appeals and
  sought permission to raise all available grounds. For this
  application, only his sister - Pramjit Kaur has filed an affidavit
  strengthening the above points. As mentioned above, the
  affidavit of his sister shows that his family has not totally
G renounced him. Hence, there is a possibility for reformation in
  the present appellant. Keeping in mind all these materials, we
  do not think that the present case warrants the award of the
  death penalty.

          24. For the reasons aforementioned, we are of the opinion
H
          MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                      111


    that this is not a case where death penalty should be imposed.      A
    The appellant-accused, therefore, instead of being awarded
    death penalty, is sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment
    for life, meaning thereby, the end of his life but subject to any
    remission granted by the appropriate Government satisfying
    the conditions prescribed in Section 432 of the Code and            B
    further substantiate check under Section 433-A of the Code
    by passing appropriate speaking orders. The appeals are
    disposed of on the above terms.

         FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J. 1. I had
· the opportunity of reading the judgment of my learned brother C
  Justice P. Sathasivam who has dealt with the issue in extenso
1
  while modifying the death sentence to one of imprisonment for -
  life i.e. till the end of his life. I only wish to supplement my views
  while fully endorsing and concurring with the judgment of His
  Lordship Justice P. Sathasivam. Since, the facts have been D
  elaborately stated in the judgment of His Lordship Justice P.
  Sathasivam, I do not refer the same in detail. For the purpose
  of my reasoning, in toeing with the conclusion of His Lordship
  Justice P. Sathasivam, I only wish to refer to certain factors to
  support our conclusions.                                           -   E

         2. These appeals were entertained on 20.07.2009,
    however, while issuing notice, the appeals were confined to
    sentence only. The appellant was found guilty of the offence
    under Section 302 IPC and was sentenced to death for                F
    committing the murder of his wife Veena Verma and his
    daughter Geetu Verma on 08.01.2006 in the area of Pratap
    Singh Wala, Ludhiana. The above appeals arose out of the
    confirmation of death sentence in Murder Reference No.8/2007
    as well as the connected Criminal Appeal No.1033-DB of              G
    2007 filed by the appellant.

         3. It is necessary to state that the appellant indulged in
    grotesque crime of murdering his wife and daughter one after
    another on 08.01.2006. The motive for such a heinous crime
    was that there was,a dispute b1etv,een him and his wife Veena       H
               'i
    112        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2013) 3 S.C.R.


A Verma as regards the house which he owned and that he was
  deprived of having access to his own house. In fact it was a
  matter of record that in the year 1999 there was an FIR against
  the appellant in FIR No.27 wherein the appellant was charged
  for offences under Sections 376 and 506 IPC for having
B committed rape on his deceased daughter Geetu Verma which
  ended in a conviction of 12 years rigorous imprisonment by
  judgment dated 15.05.2001. There was yet another FIR No.58
  dated 06.04.2005 against the appellant for offences under
  Sections 323 and 506 IPC for having assaulted and for having
c given threat to his wife Veena Verma which was also proved
  as per Ex.PAA. There was yet another record of criminal case
  No.2531 dated 01.08.2005 (FIR No.58 of 2005) again for
  offences under Sections 323 and 324 IPC which was pending
  in the Court of JMIC, Ludhiana. In fact, the present offence of
0 murder  of his wife and daughter was committed by the appellant
  when he was on parole while undergoing rigorous
  imprisonment of 12 years for the conviction of the offence of
  rape of his daughter committed in the year 1999. It was also
  relevant to keep in mind that for holding the appellant guilty of
E the charge of murder of his wife and daughter apart from the
  qther evidence, the evidence of his own minor daughter Shalu
  PW.2 who was an eye-witness to the occurrence weighed to
  very great extent along with the evidence of his own son Malkiat
  Singh PW.7.

F      4. The trial Court having noted the above factors held that
  having regard to his involvement in various criminal cases in
  the past as well as the gravity of the offence of murder of his
  own wife and daughter, whom the appellant felt were
  responsible for his conviction for the offence of rape committed
G on his own minor daughter, took the view by stating elaborate
  reasons as to why the case fell within the principles of 'rarest
  of rare cases' for the award of death sentence and inflicted the
  same on him.

          5. The High Court after setting out the principles laid down
H
       MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB.                     113
   . [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

in the celebrated Constitution Bench decisions of this Court in       A
Bachan Singh Vs. State of Punjab - (1980) 2 SCC 684 and
the subsequent judgment in Machhi Singh and others Vs.
State of Punjab - (1983) 3 SCC 470 held that the murder
reference deserved to be accepted and the death sentence
was, therefore, confirmed. The Division Bench of the High             B
Court took into account the circumstances which are to be kept
in mind for applying the 'rarest of the rare case' theory based
on the above referred two decisions and noted the same as
under:

      "I.    Manner of commission of murder.
                                                                      c
      II.    Motive for commission of murder.

      Ill.   Anti-social or socially abhorrent nature of the crime.
                                                                      D
      IV.    Magnitude of crime

      V.     Personality of victim of murder."
                                                                ~




      6. The High Court has also noted the injuries found on the
 body of the deceased insofar as it related to Veena Verma, E
 the wife of the appellant, who suffered four incised wounds of
 which injury No. 1 was on the right lateral side and upper part
 of the neck and injury No.2 was on the head, third one was on
 the neck and fourth one resulted in partial amputation of left .
 index finger from its lower one-third with clean cut margins. As F
 far as the deceased daughter Geetu Verma is concerned, there
 were as many as nine injuries out of which seven were incised
 wounds and two were abrasions. Out of the seven incised
 wounds three were caused on the head region itself, fourth was
 on the left mastoid and the remaining three were on left and
 right elbow and fingers. Both the victims had instantaneous G
_death. The basic griev~nce of the appellant was nothing but
 his desire to occupy his house which was occupied by rione
 else than his own wife, daughters and son.

     7. By noting the special reasons, the Division Bench held        H
    114        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2013] 3 S.C.R.


A that the conduct of the appellant in causing the murder of his
    wife and daughter acquired enormity to the extent that the case
    was fully governed by the principle of 'rarest of rare cases' and
    ultimately held that the imposition of death sentence by the trial
    Court was fully justified.
B
          8. In this context we analyzed the various principles laid
  down in the subsequent decisions reported in Swamy
  Shraddananda @ Murali Manohar Mishra Vs. State of
  Karnataka - (2008) 13 SCC 767, Santosh Kumar
  Satishbhushan Bariyar Vs. State of Maharashtra -(2009) 6
C SCC 498, Mohd. Farooq Abdul Gafur & Anr. Vs. State of
  Maharashtra -(2010) 14 SCC 641, Haresh Mohandas Rajput
   Vs. State of Maharashtra -(2011) 12 SCC 56, State of
  Maharashtra Vs. Goraksha Ambaji Adsul - AIR 2011 SC 2689
  and the recent decision reported in Mohammed Ajmal
D Mohammadamir Kasab @ Abu Mujahid Vs. State of
  Maharashtra - JT 2012 (8) SC 4. From conspectus
  consideration of the above decisions apart from the four
  principles laid down in Bachan Singh (supra) and also the
  requirement of a balance sheet of aggravating and mitigating
E circumstances, the following principles are required to be borne
  in mind:

          (i) A conclusion as to the 'rarest of rare' aspect with
          respect to a matter shall entail identification of aggravating
F         and mitigating circumstances relating both to the crime and
          the criminal.

          (ii) The expression 'special reasons' obviously means
          ('exceptional reasons') founded on the exceptionally grave
          circumstances of the particular case relating to the crime
G         as well as the criminal.
          (iii) The decision in Ravji @ Ram Chandra Vs. State of
          Rajasthan - (1996) 2 SCC 175 which was subsequently
          followed in six other cases, namely, Shivaji @ Dadya
H         Shankar A/hat Vs. State of Maharashtra - (2008) 15 SCC
  MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                       115
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]
269, Mohan Anna Chavan Vs. State of Maharashtra -                 A
(2008) 7 SCC 561, Bantu Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh -
(2008) 11 SCC 113, Surja Ram Vs. State of Rajasthan -
{1996) 6 SCC 271, Dayanidhi Bisoi Vs. State of Orissa -
(2003) 9 SCC 310 and State of Uttar Pradesh Vs. Sattail
@ Satyendra & Ors. - (2009) 4 SCC 736 wherein it was              B
held that it is only characteristics relating to crime, to the
exclusion of the ones relating to criminal, which are relevant
to sentencing in criminal trial, was rendered per incuriam
qua Bachan Singh (supra) in the decision reported in
Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar (supra) at 529.               c
(iv) Public opinion i~ difficult to fit in the 'rarest of rare'
matrix. People's perception of crime is neither an
objective circumstance relating to crime nor to the criminal.
Perception of public is extraneous to conviction as also
sentencing, at least in capital sentencing according to the       D
mandate of Bachan Singh (supra). (2009) 6 SCC 498 at
p.535.
(v) Capital sentencing is one such field where the
safeguards continuously take strength from the
Constitution. (2009) 6 SCC 498 at 539.                            E
(vi) The Apex Court as the final reviewing authority has a
far more serious and intensive duty to discharge and the
Court not only has to ensure that award of death penalty
does not become a perfunctory exercise of discretion
under Section 302 after an ostensible consideration of            F
'rarest of rare' doctrine, but also that the decision-making
process survives the special rigours of procedural justice
applicable in this regard. (2010) 14 sec 641 at 692.
 {vii) The 'rarest of rare' case comes when a convict would G
 be a menace and threat to the harmonious and peaceful
 coexistence of the society. The crime may be heinous or
·brutal but may not be in the category of "the rarest of the ·
 rare case". There must be no reason to believe that the
 accused cannot be reformed or rehabilitated and that he H
    116        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2013] 3 S.C.R.


A         is likely to continue criminal acts of violence as would
          constitute a continuing threat to the society. 2011 (12) sec
          56 at p.63 para 20.
          (viii) Life sentence is the rule and the death penalty is the
          exception. The condition of providing special reasons for
B         awarding death penalty is not to be construed linguistically
          but it is to satisfy the basic features of a reasoning
          supporting and making award of death penalty
          unquestionable.
          (ix) The circumstances and the manner of committing the
c         crime should be such that it pricks the judicial conscience
          of the Court to the extent that the only and inevitable
          conclusion should be awarding of death penalty.(AIR 2011
          SC 2689)
D         (x) When the case falls under the category of 'rarest of rare'
          case penalty of death is clearly called for and any leniency
          shown in the matter of sentence would not only be
          misplaced but will certainly give rise to and foster a feeling
          of private revenge among the people leading to
E         destabilization of the society.(AIR 1983 SC 585)
          (xi) Death penalty has been held to be constitutionally valid.
          The test is what case would attract death penalty if not the
          case of the appellant. JT (2012) 8 SC 4.
       9. Keeping the above settled principles in mind, when we
F examine the case on hand, it is needless to state that the
  conduct of the appellant, if analyzed, based on the previous
  crimes committed by him, we find that in the year 1999 as
  found by the courts below the appellant committed rape on his
  deceased daughter Geetu Verma when she was minor and that
G too after beating her. To which beastly action, unfortunately the
  other deceased (viz) his wife, was l;ln eye-witness. One cannot
  comprehend to visualize a situation of such nature in which father
  himself committed rape on his own minor daughter in the
  presence of her own mother. The conduct of the appellant in
H
      MOHINDER SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB                     117
    [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.)
the commission of the said offence was not only bordering on A
immorality of the highest order but would be extremely difficult
for anyone to lightly brush aside such a conduct by stating that
either it was committed in a fit of anger or rage or such other
similar situation. If such grotesque offence of rape had been
committed by anyone, other than the father himself, the victim B
would have had every opportunity to cry for solace in her father
or mother. In this context. we are only reminded of the Tamil
proverb· 'C6ll6'5lCUJ ul.LllmlJ T:LDti.J~1!'l &ffl1!'J-rr which means
in English "When the fence eats the crops". When the father
himself happens to be the assailant in the commission of such     c
beastly crime, one can visualize the pathetic situation in which
the girl would have been placed and that too when such a
shameless act was committed in the presence of her own
mother. When the daughter and the mother were able to get
their grievances redressed by getting the appellant convicted 0
for the said offence of rape one would have in the normal course
expected the appellant to have displayed a conduct of remorse.
Unfortunately, the subsequent conduct of the appellant when he
was on parole disclosed that he approached the victims in a
 far more vengeful manner by assaulting the hapless victims E
which resulted in filing of an FIR once in the year 2005 and
 subsequently when he was on parole in the year 2006. The
 monstrous mindset of the appellant appears to have not
 subsided by mere assault on the victims who ultimately
 displayed his extreme inhuman behaviour by eliminating his .
 daughter and wife in such a gruesome manner in which he F
 committed the murder by inflicting the injuries on the vital parts
 of the body of the deceased and that too with all vengeance at
 his command in order to ensure that they met with instantaneous
 death. The nature of injuries as described in the postmortem
 report speaks for itself as to the vengeance with which the G
 appellant attacked the hapless victims. He was not even
prepared to spare his younger daughter (viz) .PW-2 who,
 however, escaped the wrath,of the appellant by bolting herself
 inside a room after she witnessed the grotesque manner in
 which the appellant took away the life of his wife and daughter. H
    118        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2013] 3 S.C.R.


A       10. Be that as it may when we come to the question of
  applying the various principles culled out from the decisions
  right from the Constitution Bench decision in Bachan Singh
  (supra) right up to the case Mohammed Ajmal
  Mohammadamir Kasab (supra) as held by my learned brother
B Justice P. Sathasivam for the various reasons referred to
  therein, we find that the case still does not fall within the
  category of 'rarest of rare case' though it calls for a stringent
  punishment. Therefore, while modifying the sentence from one
  of death penalty to that of life imprisonment till the end of his
c life we apply the earliest decision of this Court reported in Gopal
  Vinayak Godse Vs. State of Maharashtra & Ors. - AIR 1961
  SC 600 wherein this Court held in paragraph 5 as under:
          "It does not say that transportation for life shall be deemed
          to be transportation for twenty years for all purposes; nor
D         does the amended section which substitutes the words
          'imprisonment for life' for 'transportation for life' enable the
          drawing of any such all-embracing fiction. A sentence of .
          transportation for life or imprisonment for life must prima
          facie be treated as transportation or imprisonment for the
E         whole of the remaining period of the convicted person's
          natural life."
        11. The said principle was followed subsequently in Mohd.
  Munna Vs. Union of India and Ors. - (2005) 7 SCC 417.
  Applying the above decisions, we have no he$itation in holding
F that the appellant deserves to be sentenced to undergo rigorous
  imprisonment for life meaning thereby the end of his life subject,
  however, to remission granted by the appropriate Government
  satisfying the conditions prescribed in Section 432 of the Code
  of Criminal Procedure and further substantiate check under
G Section 433A of the Code by passing appropriate speaking
  orders.
    B.B.B.                                      Appeals disposed of.