MODINSAB KASIMSAB KANCHAGARversusSTATE OF KARNATAKA & ANR.

                        (2013] 2 S.C.R. 357

              MODINSAB KASIMSAB KANCHAGAR                            A.
                                  v.
                  STATE OF KARNATAKA & ANR.
                 (Criminal Appeal No. 512 of 2007)
                         MARCH 11, 2013.
                                                                     B
             [A.K. PATNAIK AND SUDHANSU JYOTI
                     MUKHOP.ADHAYA, JJ.]

        Penal Code, 1860: .
                                                                     c
         ss. 304-B and 498-A - Demand from husband through
    wife (deceased) for repayment of society loan - Held: The
    demand was not in connection with dowry, therefore,
    provisions of s.304-B were not attracted and appellant-
)   husband acquitted of the charge - But, there is clear evidence   0
    establishing that deceased was subjected to harassment by
    her husband on account of her failure to meet the said
    unlawful demand - Therefore, conviction u/s 498-A is
    maintained - Appellant sentenced for the period already
    undergone, which is approximately 2 years.
                                                                     E
        Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961:

         ss. 3, 4 and 6 read with s.5 (1), proviso - Accused-
    husband found guilty of demanding and receiving cash and
    gold - Conviction and six month sentence under each of the       F
    three counts awarded by High Court, not interfered with.
         The appellant and his mother were prosecuted for
    committing offences punishable ulss 498-A and 304-B
    read with s.34 IPC as well as ulss 3, 4 and 6 of Dowry
    Prohibition Act, 1961. The prosecution case was that at          G
    the time of marriage of the appellant with the deceased,
    the accused demanded and were given Rs.1000/- cash
    and one tola of gold. Subsequently, the appellant
    harassed the deceased for more dowry of Rs.10,000/-.
    Rs.2000/- were paid and theS'lmily showed its inability to       H
    358      SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2013] 2 S.C.R.

A meet the balance demand of Rs.8000/-. When the
  deceased came to her mother, she once again asked for
  the balance amount of Rs.8000/- and within 15 days
  thereafter she committed suicide. The trial court acquitted
  both the accused, but the High Court convicted the
B appellant of the offences charged.
          Allowing the appeal in part, the Court
       HELD: 1.1. The High Court has recorded its findings
  to hold the appellant guilty of the charges on the basis
C of evidence of PWs. 2,3,4,5,7 and 12. What appears to
  have been lost sight of by the High Court is that the
  demand of Rs.10,000/- was not towards dowry but for
  payment of a society loan. From the evidence of PW-3,
  the uncle of the deceased, it is clear that at the time of
  marriage, there was no such demand and the amount of           '
0 Rs.10,000/- demanded by the appellant through the
  deceased was for repayment of a society loan of the
  appellant and it had no connection with the marriage of
  the appellant and the deceased. Therefore, even if, there
  was demand of Rs.10,000/- by the appellant, it was not a
E demand in connection with the dowry and the offence u/
  s 3048 was not attracted. [para 5, 6 and 7] [362-F-G; 363-
  F; 364-H; 365-F]
          Appasaheb and Another v. State of Maharashtra 2007
F (1) SCR 164     =(2007) 9 sec 721 - relied on.
      1.2. However, the appellant was liable for the offence
  u/s 498A IPC. The demand of Rs. 10,000/- towards the
  society loan made by the appellant may not be a demand
  in connection with dowry but is certainly an unlawful
G demand for a property or valuable security and there is
  clear evidence of the prosecution to show that the
  deceased was subjected to harassment by the appellant
  on account of her failure to meet the aforesaid demand
  of Rs. 10,000/-. [para 8) [365-G; 366-A-B]
H
        MODINSAB KASIMSAB KANCHAGAR v. STATE OF 359
                   KARNATAKA & ANR.
             1.3. On a reading of the evidence of the prosecution     A
       witnesses and in particular, P.Ws. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 12,
       it is evident that a sum of Rs. 1000/- in cash and one tola
       of gold in addition to other articles were given to the
       appellant at the time of marriage. Therefore, the said cash
       and articles have been given towards dowry. The High           B
       Court has found that the appellant was guilty of the
       offences u/ss 3, 4 and 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act,
       1961, but has not considered the offences to be grave
       and has imposed punishments for only six months for
       each of the offences in accordance with the proviso to         c
       sub-s. (1) of s.5 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. [para 10]
       [366-E-F; 367-B-C]
           1.4. In the result, the conviction and sentence of the
'.'-   appellant u/s 3048 IPC are set aside, but the conviction
       u/s 498A IPC and under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961         D
       is maintained. The appellant is sentenced for the offence
       punishable u/s 498A IPC to the period already undergone,
       which is approximately two years. The sentence of six
       months' imprisonment awarded to the appellant under
       the Dowry Prohibition Act for each of the offences under       E
       the said Act is also maintained. [para 11] [367-D-F]
                           Case Law Reference:
           2007 (1) SCR 164         relied on            para 3
           CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal           F
       No. 512 of 2007.
            From the Judgment & Order dated 11.09.2006 of the High
       Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in Criminal Appeal No. 805
       of 2000.                                                       G
          Anirudh Sanganeria, 8. Subrahmanya Prasad,
       Raghuvendra Kumar, V.K. Kunduru for the Appellant.

          Vishruti Vijay, Neha Singh, Anitha Shenoy for the
       Respondents.                                                   H
    360      SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2013) 2 S.C.R.


A         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

        A.K. PATNAIK J. 1. This is an appeal against the
    judgment dated 11th September, 2006 of the Karnataka High
    Court in Criminal Appeal No. 805 of 2006.

B         2. The facts very briefly are:

         2.1. The appellant was married to Rajbee on 21st April,
    1997. She committed suicide on 29th March, 1998. A case
    was registered and investigated by the Police Inspector [Anti-
c   Dowry Cell) and charge sheet was filed against the appellant
    and the mother of the appellant for offences under Sections
    498A and 3048 read with Section 34 IPC as well as Sections
    3, 4 and 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act read with Section 34
    of IPC.
D      2.2. The prosecution case was that at the time of marriage
  of the appellant with Rajbee(the deceased), Rs. 1,000/- cash
  and one Iola of gold was given to the appellant and thereafter
  the appellant harassed the deceased further for more dowry of
  Rs. 10,000/- and the deceased informed about this harassment
E to her mother. Thereafter, the mother of the deceased was able
  to give Rs. 2000/- towards the demand but was unable to pay
  the balance amount of Rs. 8000/-. The deceased came along
  with the appellant to her mother's place and when the appellant ·:
  was told that her family does not have any capacity to meet the
F balance demand of Rs. 8000/-, the deceased went back to her
  matrimonial house weeping and saying that her life would not
  be safe. She came back again to her mother's place during
  the Holi festival and complained of harassment and once again
  asked for the balance amount of Rs.8000/-, but the same was
G not paid to her by her mother and within fifteen days of this
  incident, the deceased committed suicide.

       2.3. At the trial, mother of the deceased was examined as
  P.W. 2 and two of her uncles were examined as P.W. 3 and
H P .W. 4 and besides them four other witnesses were examined
 MODINSA8 KASIMSA8 KANCHAGAR v. STATE OF 361
     KARNATAKA & ANR. [AK. PATNAIK, J.]
as P.Ws. 5, 7, 10 and 12, who all deposed about the demand         A
of Rs. 1,000/- cash and one tola of gold as well as demand of
Rs. 10,000/- and about the fact that Rs. 1,000/- cash and one
tola of gold were actually given to the appellant at the time of
marriage and also about the fact that out of the demand of Rs.
10,000/- made after the marriage, Rs. 2,000/~ was paid but the     8
balance of Rs. 8,000/- could not be paid because of which the
deceased was harassed and she committed suicide.
 Nonetheless, the trial court acquitted the appellant of the
charges by its judgment dated 2nd December, 1999.

      2.4. Aggrieved, the State of Karnataka filed Criminal        C
Appeal No. 805 of 2000 before the High Court and by the
impugned judgment, the High Court reversed the order of the
trial court only qua the appellant-husband and convicted the
appellant for the offences punishable under Section 498A,          D
3048 and Sections 3, .4 and 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act and
sentenced the appellant to undergo simple imprisonment for a
period of seven years for the offence under Section 3048 and
in view of the sentence awarded under Section 3048, the High
Court did not award any separate sentence for the offence
under Section 498A. In respect of the offences under Sections      E
3, 4 and 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, the High Court
sentenced the appellant to undergo simple imprisonment for a
period of six months for each of the three offences.

     3. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that there     F
was no demand for dowry by the appellant. He submitted that
'1000/- and one tola of gold was given by P.W.2, the mother
of the deceased to the appellant as "Varopachara• as has been
found by the trial court on the basis of the evidence of P.W. 3,
the uncle of the deceased. Regarding the demand of Rs.             G
10,000/-, he submitted that the evidence of P.W.3, the uncle of
the deceased, is clear that after six months of marriage, the
deceased demanded Rs. 10,000/- from P.W. 2, her mother,
stating that there was a society loan of the appellant. He
submitted that the demand of Rs. 10,000/-was, therefore, not
                                                                   H
    362      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2013] 2 S.C.R.


A towards dowry but was for repayment of a society loan. He cited
  a decision of this Court in Appasaheb and Another v. State of
  Maharashtra (2007) 9 SCC 721 in which it has been held that
  some money for meeting domestic expenses and for
  purchasing manures cannot be treated as dowry and, therefore,
B the provisions of Section 3048 IPC which applies to only the
  demand made in connection with dowry could not be attracted.
  He finally submitted that although all the prosecution witnesses
  have stated that there was harassment to the deceased in
  connection with the demand of '10,0001-, no specific acts of
c harassment or cruelty have been proved against the appellant
  by the prosecution.

       4. Learned counsel for the State, on the other hand,
  supported the impugned judgment of the High Court and
  submitted that there was clear evidence led by the prosecution
D through P.Ws. 2, 3,4, 5, 7, 10 and 12 that there was demand
  of dowry of Rs. 1,0001- and one Iola of gold at the time of
  marriage and further there was a demand of dowry of Rs.
  10,0001- after the marriage by the appellant and that the
  appellant harassed the deceased on account of which the
E deceased had no option but to commit suicide. Learned
  counsel for the State vehemently submitted that this is definitely
  not a case in which this Court should interfere with the
  impugned judgment of the High Court.

F     5. We have examined the impugned judgment of the High
  Court and we find that the High Court has in para 10 of its
  judgment impugned herein recorded its findings to hold the
  appellant guilty of the charges on the basis of evidence of
  P.W.s. 2,3,4,5,7 and 12. Para 10 of the judgment is extracted
G hereunder:-

        "/t is the specific case of the prosecution that at the time
        of marriage of the deceased with A1 Rs. 1,0001- cash was ..
        paid along with 1 to/a of gold, watch, etc. and the accused
        continued to demand further dowry of Rs. 10,0001- from
H       the deceased. The evidence in this regard is spoken to
 MODINSAB KASIMSAB KANCHAGAR v. STATE OF 363
     KARNATAKA & ANR. [A.K. PATNAIK, J.]
    by Pws. 2, 3,4,5,7 and 12. PW Hussainbi is the mother A
    of the deceased and she has stated in her evidence that
    at the time of marriage, 1 to/a of gold and Rs. 1,0001-
    cash was paid to the accused. She also stated that for
    six months following the matriage, her daughter and A 1
    - husband got on well, but later on, her daughter was B
    forced to bring Rs. 10,0001- cash and in that connection,
    Rs. 2,0001- was paid by one Abdul Sab the younger
    brother of PW 2's husband and she further states that her
    daughter came for Ramzan festival and told about the
    harassment given to her and she was sent back by stating      c
    that there was no money to be paid and again her
    duaghter came along with A-1 after some days and at that
    time A-1 demanded a sum of Rs. 8,0001- and when PW2
    expressed her inability to pay the said, the deceased went
    back weeping and saying her life may not be safe and
                                                               0
    once again came for holi festival and asked for money
    and was again sent back without money and after 15 days
    Rajbi committeed suicide in the house of her husband.
    PW2 has clearly stated in her evidence that her daughter
    committed suicide because of the harassment given by E
    the accused."
      6. What appears to have been lost sight of by the High
 Court is that the demand of Rs. 10,000/-was not towards dowry
 but for payment of a society loan. The evidence of P.W. 2 on
which the High Court has heavily relied upon in the impugned F
judgment for convicting the appellant is clear that when the
deceased came to her house on the occasion of Holi festival
and she demanded money, she told her to ask from her uncle.
Thus, the uncle of the deceased was the person who knew
exactly what were the demands upon the deceased in G
connection with her marriage. The uncle of the deceased
lsmailsab has been examined as P.W. 3 and his evidence is
to the following effect.:-

    "/ know accused, Daughter of my elder brother has given
    in marriage to A-1. P. W 2 is the wife of my elder brother.   H
     364      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2013] 2 S.C.R.


-A          I was present along with my brothers & parents at
            Banaginhal where marriage talks of Rajbee were held.
            One Ameerbee was the mediator. One to/a gold Rs.
           ,1, 0001- were demanded for A-1 apart from some
            ornaments to Rajbee. Half to/a boramala sara, 3 anas
B           ear rings, 3 anas bugudi were put to Rajbee at the time
            of her marriage. 2~ or 3 months after marriage talks
           marriage was held between Rajbee & A-1 & as agreed
            valuable ornaments, cash, utensils, bed etc. were given.
            Dresses & watch were also given. After maniage Rajbee
c           went to live with A-1. They were happy six months after
            thereafterwards Rajbee demanded Rs. 10,0001- stating
            there was society loan of A-1. We expressed our inability.
            However we consoled Rajbee that availability of amount
            will be seen. Again Rajbee had coem to our house on
           some occasion. At that time my brother had given Rs.
D
            2,0001'- to Rajbee, stating not to disclose it to A-1
           otherwise he would demand more. Again he came to our
           village at Holi festival and demanded remaining amount
           and stated she was harassed by the accused. Inability was
           expressed about fulfilling that demand. Rajbee went back
E          to her husband's house weeping. On 29.3.1998 at about
           5.30 p.m., received some message that there was heart
            to Rajbee. I alone went to their house. When all other
            came to Kanaginhal it was 10:00 p.m. Many persons had
           gathered there. That body was about to be removed to
F          hospital. There was some mark on the neck of Rajbee.
            It was told Rajbee died due to stomach pain. But she had
           no such pain, at any time. Rajbee committed suicide due
           to the harassment by the accused. I have given
           statement before the COi & Gadag Police & a/so
G           Tahsildar Maniage card & photo are marked at Ex. P. 5
            &6."

       From the aforesaid evidence, it is clear that at the time of
  marriage there was no demand of Rs. 10,000/- towards society
H loan, and only Rs. 1,000/- in cash, one tola of gold and other
        MODINSAB KASIMSAB KANCHAGAR v. STATE OF 365
            KARNATAKA & ANR. [AK. PATNAIK, J.]
      articles were demanded and were agreed and given to the A
      appellant. It further appears from the evidence of PW 3 l'iat after
      the marriage, the appellant and the deceased were happy for
      six months and thereafter the deceased demanded Rs. 10,000/-
        stating that there was a society loan of A1 (appellant) and the
      family expressed their inability and consoled the deceased that B
      the availability of the amount will be seen later and again when
      the deceased came to her house, Rs. 2000/- was paid to her
      but the balance was not paid and she committed suicide due
      to harassment by the appellant.

             7. Thus the demand of Rs. 10,000/- was not a dowry C
       demand but was in connection with a society loan of Rs. 10,0001-
         of the appellant. This Court in Appasaheb's case (supra) has
       referred to the provisions of Section 304B IPC and in particular
       explanation appended to sub-Section (1) thereof which says that
       the word "dowry" under Section 304B will have the same D
       meaning as in Section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
       and has held that the word "dowry• in Section 304B of the IPC
       would, therefore, mean 'any property or valuable security given
       or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly at or before
       or any time after the marriage and in connection with the E
       marriage of the parties'. In this case, the amount of Rs. 10,0001-
...     . was demanded by the appellant through the deceased was
       for repayment of a society loan of the appellant and it had no
       connection with the marriage of the appellant and the deceased.
       Hence, even if, there was demand of Rs. 10,000/- by the F
       appellant, it was not a demand in connection with the dowry and
       the offence under section 304B was not attracted.

              8. We are, however, of the view that the appellant was
        liable for the offence under Section 498A IPC. Section 498A
        read with Explanation (b) thereto provides that if a husband of G
      . a woman subjects the woman to harassment with a view to
        coerce her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful
        de~and for property or valuable security he shall be liable with
        pumshment for a term which may extend to three years and shall
                                                                        H
    366       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2013] 2 S.C.R.


,A also be liable to fine. The demand of Rs. 10,000/- towards the
   society loan made by the appellant, thus, may not be a demand
   in connection with dowry but is certainly an unlawful demand
   for a property or valuable security and there is clear evidence
   of the prosecution to show that the deceased was· subjected
 B to harassment by the appellant on account of her failure to meet
   the aforesaid demand of Rs. 10,000/-.
        9. Regarding the offences under the Dowry prohibition Act, .·
    1961, Section 2 of the Act defines 'dowry' to mean -
c         "any property or valuable security given and agreed to be
          given either directly or indirectly -                     '

          (a) by one party to the marriage to the other party to the
          marriage; or
D         (b) by the parents of either party to a marriage or by another
          person, to either party to a marriage or by another person
          to either party to the marriage or to any other person on
          or before any time of the marriage.

E       10. On a reading of the evidence of the prosecution
  witnesses and in particular, P.Ws. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 12, we
  find that a sum of Rs. 1000/- in cash and one tola of gold in
  addition to other articles were given to the appellant at the time
  of marriage. Hence, the aforesaid cash and articles have been
F given towards dowry. Sub-section (1) of Section 3 of the Dowry
  Prohibition Act provides that if any person, after the
  commencement of the Act, gives or takes or a bets the giving
  or taking of dowry, he shall be punishable for the term
  mentioned therein. Sub-section (2) of Section 3, however,
G states that nothing in Sub-section (1) of Section 3 - (a) in
  relation to presents which are given at the time of marriage to
  the bride; and (b) presents which are given at the time of ,
  marriage to the bride groom. The proviso under Clauses (a)
  and (b) of Sub-section (2), however, states that such presents
H must be entered in a list maintained in accordance with the
  MODINSAB KASIMSAB KANCHAGAR v. STATE OF 367
      KARNATAKA & ANR. [A.K. PATNAIK, J.)
· rules made under this Act. Hence the Section clearly intends A
  to exempt presents which are given at the time of marriage to
  the bride or the bride groom from the prohibition against dowry
  under the Act. Perhaps for this reason, the trial Court has taken
  a view that if anything was given to the appellant in the form of
  "Varopachara" such payment may not attract the provisions of B
  the Dowry Prohibition Act. The High Court, however, has found
  that the appellant was guilty of the offences under Sections 3,
  4 and 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, but has not
  considered the offences to be grave and has imposed
  punishments for only six months for each of the offences in           c
  accordance with the proviso to Section 5(1) of the Dowry
  Prohibition Act. Considering the lenient view taken by the High
  Court of the offences under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961,
  we are not inclined to interfere with the findings of the High
  Court in respect of the offences under the said Act.
                                                                        D
      11. In the result, we set aside the conviction of the appellant
 under Section 3048 IPC and the sentence thereunder but
 maintain the conviction of the appellant under Section 498A IPC
 and under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. We maintain the
 sentence of six months' imprisonment awarded to the appellant          E
 under the Dowry Prohibition Act for each of the offences under
 the said Act and award sentence of approximately two years
 which the appellant is stated to have already undergone for the
 offence under Sections 498A IPC and further direct that the
 sentences under Section 498A IPC as well as the offences               F
 under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 will run concurrently.

     12. The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent. The bail
 bonds stand discharged.

 R.P.                                             Appeal allowed.       G