Holding

The order of 6 Oct 1989 declaring satisfactory completion of probation and relaxing Rule 7(e) effected deemed confirmation of the appellant, obligating the authorities to consider him for the 1989 IPS selection.

Summary

M.M. Khashim, promoted to Deputy Superintendent of Police (Category‑2) in Andhra Pradesh, was placed on probation and passed the required departmental test in 1986. An order dated 6 Oct 1989, issued by the State Government, declared that he had satisfactorily completed his probation as of 27 Jan 1987 and relaxed Rule 7(e) and Rule 26 of the service rules. Despite this, he was excluded from the 1989 selection for the Indian Police Service on the ground that he was not confirmed. The Supreme Court examined whether the declaration of satisfactory completion of probation amounted to deemed confirmation even though no separate confirmation order was issued, and whether the relaxation covered the three‑year further service requirement. The Court held that the order itself effected deemed confirmation, making the appellant’s exclusion unreasonable, and directed that he be considered for the 1989 IPS selection.

Issues considered

Whether a declaration of satisfactory completion of probation, coupled with relaxation of Rule 7(e), amounts to deemed confirmation under the Andhra Pradesh Police Service Rules.
Whether a specific order of confirmation is required when the employer has already declared satisfactory completion of probation.
Whether the relaxation of Rule 7(e) also relieves the appellant from the three‑year further satisfactory service requirement.
Whether the appellant is entitled to be considered for the 1989 Indian Police Service selection.

Subjects

probationconfirmationdeemed confirmationservice rulesIndian Police Service selectionrelaxation of rulesadministrative lawpublic service

Judgment

..
MIR MOHAMMAD KHAS!M A
v.
UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

MARCH 26, 2004

[BRIJESH KUMAR AND ARUN KUMAR, JJ.] B

!.., Service Law:

Andhra Pradesh Police Service Rules, 1966/Andhra Pradesh State and
Subordinate Service Rules. c
Rr. 6(b) and 7(a) and (e)/r.26-Probation-Completion of-Deemed
confirmation-Police Officer in State of Andhra Pradesh-Promoted to Deputy
Superintendent of Police Category-2-Placed on probation and required to
pass tests-Officer passed the tests-By an order Officer declared to have
satisfactorily completed the probation in relaxation of r. 7(e)-Held, officer
D
having passed the required tests and a declaration having been made 1hat he
.... has satisfactorily completed the period of probation, he would be deemed to
have been confirmed.

The appellant was promoted as Deputy Superintendent of Police E
Category-2 in the State of Andhra Pradesh with effect from 1.3.1982. He was
placed on probation. He passed the required tests meant for the promotee
officers, held in 1986. By an order issued on 6.10.1989 the appellant was
declared to have satisfactorily completed the period of probation with effect
from 27.1.1987 in relaxation of Rule 7(e) of the Andhra Pradesh Police Service
Rules, 1966. In the seniority list he was placed at serial no.I 03 and the private F
).
respondents were shown at serial nos. 118 and 125. However, in the selection
to Indian Police Service from State Police Services for the year 1989 held on
5.1.1990, the private respondents shown junior to the appellant were selected
but he was not considered for selection on the ground that he was not
confirmed. After unsuccessfully approaching the Central Administrative
G
Tribunal, the appellant filed the present appeal.

.,. __
It was contended for the appellant that after successful completion of
the period of probation and an order having been passed by the employer to
that effect, the confirmation would be deemed to have been done. The
613 H
614 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] 3 S.C.R.

A respondents contended that there was no automatic confirmation unless a
specific order of confirmation was passed and that in view of provisions of
Rules 6 and 7 particularly sub Rule (e) of Rule 7 of the APPS Rules, a
further period of three years was yet to be completed as probationary period
by the· appellant w.e.f. 27.1.1987 in addition to a period of one year so as to
B be entitled for confirmation and as the said period in the case of the appellant
would have completed on 27.1.1990, there was no occasion to consider him
for selection to Indian Police Service in the year 1989. It was further
contended that relaxation under Rule 7(e) was granted to the appellant only
with regard to the period within which written test was required to be cleared ;.:.
by a probationer.
c Allowing the appeal, the Court

HELD: 1.1. In the matter of period of probation and confirmation it
would always depend upon the language of the rule on the point There cannot
be any dispute about the proposition that where no maximum period of
D probation is provided there would be no automatic confirmation of the
employee on expiry of period of probation unless an order is passed in that
regard. In such cases it is taken that the period of probation continues unless
and until an order of confirmation is passed. 1624-D-GJ

Commissioner of Police, Hubli and Anr. v. R.S. More, 12003) 2 SCC 408;
E High Court of MP. through Registrar and Ors. v. Satya Narayan Jhavar, 120011
7 SCC 161; State of Punjab v. Dharm Singh, 1196813 SCR and Dayaram Dayal
v. State of MP .. 119971 7 SCC 443, distinguished.

1.2. In the case of the appellant, the State Government itself has given
a declaration in the order dated 6.10.1989 that the appellant has satisfactorily
F completed the period of probation in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of
Police Category 2. That being the position it cannot be said that despite the
said order the appellant could still be treated to be continuing on probation
only for the reason that no specific order of confirmation has been passed.
After successful completion of the period of probation and any other condition
G or requirement as may be prescribed under the rules, in the instant case, the
appellant having passed the tests as prescribed under the Rules, nothing else
is required to be done and the only corollary to follow is that with successful,
completion of period of probation the appellant would be deemed to have been
confirmed. In this view of the matter, the appellant was unreasonably put
out of the consideration for selection to the cadre of Indian Police Sen·ice
H for the year 1989. 1626-F-H; 627-A-FI
f

M.M. KHASHIM v. U.0.1. 615

Sura) Prakash Gupta and Ors. v. State ofJ.K. and Ors., 1200017 SCC 561; A
l\eshav Chandra Joshi v. Union of India, 119921 Supp. 1 SCC 272 and
Government of Andhra Pradesh and Ors. v. Shri D. Janardhana Rao and Anr.,
AIR (1977) SC 451, cited.

2. It is not possible to confine the order of relaxation to the period of
clearing the tests and not in respect of requirement of further period of three B
years, besides one year's period under rule 6(a). In the last but one paragraph
of the order dated 6.10.1989 there is a mention of the fact that the appellant
had cleared the tests in the examination held in September, 1986 result of
.!i..
which was received by the Government on 27.1.1987. In the next paragraph
thereafter there is a mention of relaxation of rule 7(e) of the A.P.P.S. Rules
and Rule 26 of the A.P. State and Subordinate Service Rules. The order
c
further goes on to say that the period of probation of the appellant was
extended thereby up to and inclusive of27.1.1987. After mentioning the above
facts the order declares that the appellant has satisfactorily completed his
probation in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police category 2. There
is a specific mention of relaxation of "rule 7(e) and "under rule 26" of A.P. D
State and Subordinate Service Rules. The appellant was appointed as Deputy
Superintendent of Police category 2 on 1.3.1982 and the declaration of
satisfactory completion of period of his probation is with effect from 27.1.1987.
It is a period of near about 5 years. A bare reading of the order shows that
it relates to satisfactory completion of period of probation in the cadre of
E
Deputy Superintendent of Police category 2 without any restriction of any
kind. 1622-A-H; 623-A-BI
,'>..
3. The order passed by the Central Administrative Tribunal is set aside
and the respondents are directed to consider the case of the appellant for
selection to the Indian Police Service for the year 1989 and in case he is selected F
he shall be entitled to notional promotions and financial benefits only without
affecting the position of the private respondents in any manner whatsoever,
which shall be continued to be maintained treating their selection for Indian
Police Service in the year 1989. 1628-A-BI

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 307of1998. G
·, From the .Judgment and Order dated 14.6.91 of the Central
Administrative Tribunal, Hyderabad Bench in O.A. No. 127 of 1990.
~

H.S. Gururaja Rao, T.V. Ratnam, Ms. O.S.G. Prasuna and K. Subba
Rao for the Appellant. H
616 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] 3 S.C.R.

A K. Amareshwari, Rakesh Dwivedi, B. Ramana Murthy, Guntur
Prabhakar, G. Ramakrishna Prasad, Wasay Khan, and Abhishek Chaudhary
for the Respondents.

Mrs. Rekha Pandey and B.K. Prasad for U.P.S.C.

B The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

BRJJESH KUMAR, J. The controversy in this appeal relates to the
question of deemed confirmation on successful completion of period of
probation in the service and an order to that effect having been passed by the }!
employer, whereafter nothing further was required to be done, except the
c formality of passing an order of confirmation.
~

The appellant was appointed as AS! in the police department of the
State of Andhra Pradesh and was promoted as Deputy Superintendent of
Police Category-3 in the year 1975. He was further promoted as Deputy
Superintendent of Police Category-2 with effect from 1.3.1982. He was placed
D on probation. Sometime later his probation was tem1 inated and he was reverted
to his erstwhile cadre which was challenged by filing a writ petition in the
High Court. The writ petition was allowed as a consequence thereof, an order
was issued on 6.10.1989 declaring that the appellant had satisfactorily
completed the period of probation with effect from 27 .1.1987 in relaxation
E of Rule 7(e) of Andhra Pradesh Police Service Rules, 1966 (for short 'the
A.P.P.S.Rules').

In the seniority list of the officers of the state police service dated ,,
1.6.1989, he was placed at serial no. I 03. The names of the private respondents
were placed at serial nos.118 and 125. The eligible candidates, for selection
F to the Indian Police Service, from the state police services, were du~ for
consideration for which a selection was held on 5.1. I 990 and the select list
for 1989 was prepared but the name of the appellant did not appear in the list.
The private respondents shown junior to the appellant in the seniority list
were considered and selected. The appellant was not considered by the selection
committee with a remark that he was not yet confirmed. This fact was verified
G
by the Central Administrative Tribunal by perusing the record of the selection
in question. As a matter of fact, there is no denial that the appellant was not
considered for selection to the cadre of Indian Police Service on the ground
)£
that he was not confirmed. However, according to the appellant, he would be
deemed to be confirmed in view of the order of the State Government dated
H 6.10.1989 saying that the appellant had satisfactorily completed the period of
M.M. KHASHIM v. U.0.1. [BRIJESH KUMAR. J.] 617
probation in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police· Category 2. The A
said order of the State Government is reproduced below :

"Home (Police.E) Department G.0. Rt. No. 3245 Dated 6th October,
1989 Read the following:_

I. G.O. Ms. No. 39 Home (Police-E) dpt.
B
Dt. 16.1.1982.
2. GO. Ms. No. 406 Home (Police-E),
dt. 3.3.1983
3. G.O. Rt. No. 2923, Home (Police-E),
dt. 20.10.1984.
c
4. G.0. Rt. No. 579 Home (Police-E) Dpt.
Dt. 22.3.1982.
ORDER:
D
"Shri Mohd. Khasim, Asst. Commandant (DSP-Category-3) was
appointed by transfer as Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-
2 in the G.O.lst read above and commenced probation with effect
from 1-3-1982. His probation was terminated and he was reverted as
Asst. Commandant, though equivalent cadre, which he held prior to E
his appointment as Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-2, in
the G.O. 2nd read above. By virtue of High Court orders dated
10.10.1984 in W.P.M.P.No.1836of1984 in W.P.No.1398of1984 he
was reappointment as Deputy Superintendent of Police category-2 by
revoking the orders of termination of probation in G.0.3rd read above
and allowed to continue that Balance of Training. The duty period F
from 3-3-1983 to 19-11-1984 was treated as duty in the cadre on
Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-2.

Under Rule 6('l-) of A.P. Police services rules, he shall be on
probation for a total period of one year on duty within a continuous
period of two years. Rule 7(e) of the same ru les1 prescribes that a G
probationer has to pass the tests prescribed in rule & 7(a) at or before
fifth half yearly examination held after his appointment as Deputy
Superintendent of Police, Category-2. Shri MohcL°Khasim has passed
the Departmental Test-D(i) in the examination held in September,
1986 and the result of the test was received in Government on
H
)-

618 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] 3 S.C.R.

A 27.1.1987.'

After careful consideration, under Rule 47 of A.P. State and
Subordinate Service Rules, The Governor of Andhra Pradesh hereby
relaxes Rules 7(e) of A.P.f.S. in favour of Sri Mohd. Khasim, Deputy
Superintendent of Police, Category-2 and under Rule 26 ofA.P. State
B and Subordinate Service Rules, Government hereby extend the
probation of Sri Mohd. Khasim as Deputy Superintendent of Police,
Categoiy-2 up to and inclustVe of27.l./987 and declares that he was
.1
satisfactorily completed his probation in the cadre of Deputy
Superintendent of Police, Category-2 on the A.N.0.27.1.1987. ~

c (By order and in the name of the Governor of Andhra Pradesh)
Sd/-
P.V. Rangaiah Naidu,
Principal Secretary to Government"
(emphasis supplied)
D
The case of the appellant is that the rules do not require anything further to
be done after successful completion of period of probation and before
confirmation of the concerned employee. In such circumstances the
confirmation would be deemed to have been done as after successful
completion of the period of probation as it could not be treated to be impliedly
E extended any further.

The case of the respondent, however, is that in view of provisions
contained under rules 6 and 7 particularly sub-rule (e) of Rule 7 of A.P.P.S,
Rules, a further period of three years had yet to be completed as probationary
period by the appellant with effect from 27.1.I 987 in addition to a period of
F one year so as to be entitled for confirmation as Deputy Superintendent of
..(
Police Category 2. The period of three years with effect from 27.1.1987 t
would have been completed on 27.1.1990. Therefore, there was no occasion
to consider the appellant for selection to the Indian Police Service in the year
1989. Rules 6 and 7 of the A.P.P.S. rules are quoted below:
G "6(a) Probation - Every person appointed to a category in the service
shall be on probation, for a total period of two years on duty within
a continuous period of three years, if recruited direct; and for a total
period of one year of duty within a continuous period of two years, )(
if recruited by transfer or promotion. Every Deputy Superintendent
H of Police, Category-3 appointed to the post of Deputy Superintendent
M.M. KHASH!M v. U,0.1. [BRI.IESH KUMAR . .I.) 619

of Police, Category-2, shall be on 'probation for a total period of one A
year on duty within a continuous period of two years.(b) A probationer
in the category of Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-2 or
Category-3 shall be eligible to count, for purpose of his probation,
the duty rendered by him in any post, the duties and responsibilities
which are declared by a general or special order of the Government
to be equivalent to those attached to the post of Deputy Superintendent B
of Police, Category-2 or as the case may be in Category 3.

(c) A probationer in the category of Deputy Superintendent of Police,
Category-2 or Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-3 shall not
be eligible to draw the first increment until he passes the prescribed C
tests and satisfactorily completes the period of probation. The
postponement of declaration of probation on account of non-passing
of tests shall not however have the effect of postponing future
increments after he has passed the prescribed tests.

7. Tests-(a) A person appointed to the service by direct recruitment D
shall pass at or before the fifth half-yearly examination he Id after his
appointment, an examination in -

xxxx xxx xxx

(b) Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-2 appointed from the
post of Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-3 shall, if he has E
not already passed, pass the tests prescribed in sub-rule (a) above, at
or before the fifth half-yearly examination held after his appointment
as Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-2.

(c) Notwithstanding anything in the General Rules but subject to the
exceptions specified in sub-rule (d) - F
(i) no person appointed by direct recruitment shall be declared an
approved probationer unless .and until he has passed the
examination in all the subjects at or before the fifth half-yearly
examination held after his appointment as specified in sub-rule
W; G
(ii) if any such person has satisfactorily completed the prescribed
period of probation and has been declared an approved probationer,
he shall be deemed to have become a full member of the service
on and from the date on which he has satisfactorily completed the
period of probation; H
620 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004) 3 S. C.R.

A (iii) if any such person fails to pass the examination in any ·of the said
subjects as required by sub-rule (a) he shall, by order, be
discharged from the service unless he is exempted from passing
the examination in any such subjects or is given further time for
passing the examination;

B (d) if such a person has been exempted from passing the examination
in all or any of the said subjects or has passed the said examination
within the further period or periods allowed to him for passing the
said examination, he shall be declared to have satisfactorily completed
his probation, if otherwise found suitable for such declaration, and
appointed a full member and shall count his service for increments on
c and from such date as may be determined by the State Government,
but such date shall not be earlier than the date of the fifth half-yearly
examination held after his appointment to the service.

(e) No person appointed as Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-
2; from the post of Deputy Superintendent of Police, Category-3 shall
D be declared an approved probationer in Category-2 unless and until
he has passed the examination in all the subjects at or before the fifth
half-yearly examination held after his appointment as specified in
sub-rule (b ). Such a person shall, render a further satisfactory service
of three years before he is confirmed as Deputy Superintendent of
E Police, Categmy-2 besides the period of probation prescribed in rule
6."

According to the learned counsel for the respondent the appellant on
successful completion of one year's period of probation and clearing the tests
would be declared as an approved probationer whereafter alone one has to
F undergo further period of three years probation before becoming entitled for
confinnation in service. By means of order dated 6.10.1989 he was declared
only as an approved probationer w.e.f. 27.1.1987, therefore, as per rule 7(e)
a further period of three years would be counted from 27 .1.1987 which
period would be completed on 27.1.1990, therefore, there was no occasion to
G submit that appellant could be deemed to have been confinned any time
before 27.1.1990. It is further submitted that there is no automatic confinnation
unless a specific order is passed confirming an employee. To further strengthen
the latter submission it is pointed out that no maximum period of probation
has been provided under the Rules in this case on expiry whereof, it could
be claimed that there would be automatic confirmation of the appellant nor
H it has been provided that the period of probation could not be extended <
M.M. KHASHIM v. U.O.l. [BRIJESH KUMAR, J.] 621

beyond what is provided under rules 6 and ? .. Therefore, even after four years A
probationary period the appellant would only be treated to have been continued
on probation, unless specifically an order of confirmation was passed.

Ms. K. Amareshwari, learned senior.counsel appearing for respondent
no.3 further submits that the whole reading of the order dated 6.10.1989
granting relaxation to the appellant would show that the relaxation was B
provided only in so far it related to duration of penod within which written
tests were required to be cleared by a probationer. Rule 7(a) of the
A.P.P.S.Rules provides for clearing the prescribed tests at or before the 5th
half yearly examination held after his appointment, while clause (b) of rule
7 provides that those who have been promoted from Deputy Superintendent C
of Police Category 3 to category 2, in case they had already not passed the
tests prescribed in sub-rule (a) at or before the 5th half yearly examination
held after his appointment, shall do so accordingly on their appointment to
category 2; the appellant cleared the ·prescribed tests much after a period of
two and half years, namely, only in the examination held in September, 1986
the result of which was declared on 27.1.1987. It is submitted that the relaxation D
has been granted to the appe.llant only in respect of the period of time during
which he was required to clear the tests. In this connection, our attention has
been drawn to the order dated 6.10.1989 where in the last but one paragraph
of the order it is mentioned that the appellant had to pass the prescribed tests
at or before 5th half yearly examination held after his appointment but the E
appellant had passed the tests in September, 1986. Therefore, the contention
is that the order of relaxation pertains to the period of time which has been
extended in clearing the paper and not in respect of the period of three years
of probation which has further to be undergone over and above the period of
one year of probation as provided under rule 6(a) of the A.P.P.S.Rules. It is
further submitted that the appellant could be declared as an approved F
probationer only after he had successfully completed one year's period of
probation under rule 6(a) and had cleared the written tests at or before the 5th
half yearly examination and in view of latter part of clause (e) of rule 7 of
the A.P.P.S. Rules he has to complete a further satisfactory service of three
years before confirmation besides the period of probation prescribed in rule G
6.

On consideration of the submission made by learned senior counsel for
the respondent, we find it difficult to read the order of relaxation, in the
manner sought to be read by the respondent. It is no doubt true that .according
to rule 6 a promotee officer has to complete initially a period of one year's H
622 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004) 3 S.C.R.

A probation before he cou Id be declared as an approved probationer. The other
requirement is of clearing the tests as prescribed under rule 7(a). A further
period of three years satisfactory service is to be completed before being
confirmed in service as provided under latter part of clause (e) of rule 7. But
it is not possible to confine the order of relaxation to the period of clearing
the tests and not in respect of requirement of further period of three years,
B besides one year's period under rule 6(a). In the last but one paragraph of the
order dated 6.10.1989 there is a mention of the fact that the appellant had
cleared the tests in the examination held in September, 1986 result of which
was received by the Govemment on 27.1.1987. In the next paragraph thereafter
there is a mention of relaxation of rule 7(e) of the A.P.P.S.Rules and rule 26
C of the A.P. State and Subordinate Service Rules. The order further goes on
to say that the period of probation of the appellant was extended thereby up
to and inclusive of 27.1.1987. After mentioning the above facts the order
declares that the appellant has satisfactorily completed his probation in the
cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police category 2. As indicated earlier,
there is a specific mention of relaxation of "rule 7(e)" and "under rule 26"
D of A.P. State and Subordinate Service Rules. Therefore, it cannot be said that
relaxation of rule 7( e) is Iimited to first part of the said clause and it does not
cover the latter part. As a matter of fact the requirement of clearing the tests
in five half yearly examinations is provided in rule 7(b) and not in clause (e)
of rule 7. What is not provided in rule 7(b) or elsewhere but only in sub-rule
E (e) is contained in the latter part which provides for three years further
satisfactory service besides the period of probation prescribed in rule .6. The
appellant was appointed as Deputy Superintendent of Police category 2 on
1.3. I 982 and the declaration of satisfactory completion of period of his
probation is with effect from 27.1.l 987. It is a period of near about 5 years.
We find it difficult to restrict the relaxation provided in rule 7(e) to only the:
F first part of it ignoring the latter part and there seems to be no reason to do
so. The declaration which the order of relaxation contains is that the appellant
had satisfactorily completed his probation in the cadre of Deputy
Superintendent of Police category 2. A vain effort has been made to say that
maybe the appellant may not have completed one year's period of initial
G probation under rule 6, therefore, there could not be any declaration of
satisfactory completion of the period of three years after period of one year
in rule 6. We have not been able to appreciate the said submission as
declaration of satisfactory completion of period of probation under rule 7(e)
is without any strings and noticeably the said declaration of satisfactory
completion of period of probation is in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent
H of Police category 2. We, therefore, find no merit in the submission that the
M.M. KHASHIM v. U.0.1. [BRIJESH KUMAR, J.] 623
order of relaxation may be interpreted so as to confine it only to the tiine A
taken in clearing the tests. It is also to be noticed that the order dated 6.10.1989
does not declare the appellant as an "approved probationer" as tried to be
submitted. A bare reading of the order shows that it relates to satisfactory
completion of period of probation in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of
Police category 2 without any restriction of any kind.
B
Shri Rakesh Dwivedi, learned senior counsel appearing for the private
respondents submits that the order granting relaxation of service rules must
be construed strictly. It is submitted that the order dated 6.10.1989 should be
read as a whole and in doing so it would be clear that the relaxation is under
rule 26 of the A.P; State and Subordinate Service rules. That is to say in C
regard to the period of more than five half yearly examinations in clearing
the tests taken by the appellant. In support of strict construction of the orders
providing for relaxation from rules, reliance has been placed upon a decision
of this Court in Sura) Prakash Gupta and Ors. v. State of J & Kand Ors.,
reported in (200] 7 SCC 561. Our attention has also particularly been drawn
to paragraph 28 of the decision where it is observed that there can be no D
relaxation of basic or fundamental rules of recruitment. In that context
reference to another decision of this Court, Keshav Chandra Joshi v. Union
of India, (1992] Suppl. I SCC 272 was rnade, where relaxation from the rule
requiring consultation with the Public Service Commission was not accepted
as such a condition was treated to be mandatory. This case would not be E
applicable to the case in hand. Learned senior counsel for the private
respondents has also submitted that rule empowering an authority to relax the
conditions of service etc. cannot be so wide as to grant any kind of relaxation
whatsoever. It is submitted that rule 47 has been worded in very wide terms
and vests the authority with very wide powers. In connection with the above F
submission, suffice it to observe that the order of relaxation was passed on
6.10.1989. It was never put under challenge. Neither by the present private
respondents nor by anyone else. Even during the proceedings before the
Tribunal no such ground about the validity of rule 47 of the A.P. State and
Subordinate Rules was put in issue. We do not think it will be appropriate
to entertain the plea about the validity of rule 47 at this stage. The other G
respondents have also not come forward with the case that rule 47 is bad for
vesting very wide powers in the authority or that the order of relaxation is
bad having gone beyond the scope of rule 47. If at all, such a plea may better
be examined in any other appropriate case. Presently, we find that it is beyond
the scope of this appeal. Learned senior counsel for the appellant has submitted ·H
that the validity of the rule has already been upheld by this Court in a case
624 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] 3 S.C.R.

A reported in AIR (1977) SC p.45'1, Government of Andhra Pradesh and Ors.
v. Shri D.Janardliana Rao and Anr., We, however, leave this point at this
without going further into the matter.

The moot question which arises for consideration is about the effect of
the order of granting relaxation to the appellant from rule 7(e) and the
B consequences which flow from the said order. According to the appellant on
successful completion of period of probation nothing further is required to be
done before confirming the officer. All that was required had been
accomplished since the appellant had cleared the tests as required under rule
6(b) as well as has undergone the period of probation which has been
C considered to be successful completion of period of probation as per rule
7( e). That being the position the appellant shall be deemed to have been
confirmed. Whereas Ms. K. Amareshwari, learned senior counsel for the
respondent no.3 submits that unless an order of confirmation is passed the
appellant cannot be deemed to have been confirmed. It is further pointed out
that the rules do not prescribe any maximum period of probation nor any
D provision says that it shall not be extended beyond any given period of time.
In such circumstances, it is submitted, the law is settled that there will be no
automatic confirmation unless such an order is passed. In our view, there
cannot be any dispute about the proposition that where no maximum period
of probation is provided there would be no automatic confirmation of the
E employee on expiry of period of probation unless an order is passed in that
regard. In such cases it is taken that the period of probation continues unless
and until an order of confirmation is passed. Our attention has been drawn
to a decision in the case of Commissioner of Police, Hubli and Anr. v. R.S.
More, [2003] 2 SCC p. 408. In this case the appointing authority was
F empowered to extend the period of probation up to certain prescribed limit
but there was a further provision that mere expiry of the prescribed period
or extended period of probation would not entitle the probationer to claim
satisfactory completion of his probation. Hence he would continued to be
under probation and it would not be treated as deemed confirmation. In
connection with this case it may be observed that the rule itself provided for
G extension of period of probation and thereafter that completion of period of
probation or extended period of probation will not automatically entitle the
employee deemed to have been confirmed unless a specific order in that
regard is passed. Hence the above decision wou Id not be of any help to the
respondent. It may further be observed that in the matter of period of probation
H and confirmation it would always depend upon the language of the rule on
the point. A reference has also been made to a decision of this Court in the
~:

'
M.M. KHASHIM v. U.0.1. [BRLIESH KUMAR,!.] 625
'-""-
case of High Court of MP. through Registrar and Ors. v. Satya Narayan A
Jhavar, reported in [200 I) 7 SCC 161, more particularly to paragraph 11 of
the judgment which we beneficially quote as under :

"The question of deemed confirmation in service jurisprudence, w.hich
is dependent upon the language of the relevant service rules, has been
the subject-matter of consideration before this €ourt, times without B
number in various decisions and there are three iines of cases on this
point. One line of cases is where in the service rules or in the letter
~
of appointment a period of probation is specified and power to extend
the same is also conferred upon the authority without prescribing any
maximum period of probation and if the officer is continued beyond
the prescribed or extended period, he cannot be deemed to be
c
confirmed. In such cases there is no bar against termination at any
point of time after expiry of the period of probation. The other line
of cases is that where while there is a provision in the rules for initial
probation and extension thereof, a maximum period for such extension
is also provided beyond which it is not permissible to extend probation. D
The· inference in such cases is that the officer concerned is deemed
to have been confirmed upon expiry of the maximum period of
probation in case before its expiry the order of termination has not
been passed. The last line· of cases is where, though under the rules
maximum period of probation is prescribed, but the same requires a
specific act on the part of the employer by issuing an order of
E
confirmation and of passing a test for the purposes of confirmation.
In such cases, even if the maximum period of probation has expired
and neither any order of confirmation has been passed nor has the
person concerned passed the requisite test, he cannot be deemed to
).
have been confirmed merely because the said period has expired." F

According to the learned senior counsel for the respondent, the appellant
falls in first category as well as last namely where no maximum period of
probation is prescribed as well as where along with successful completion of
period of probation he has also to achieve some other accomplishment as in
the present case to clear prescribed tests in five half yearly examinations. It G
may be pointed out that it is nobody's case that the appellant is entitled to
~ be deemed to have been confirmed in view of any condition that the period
of probation is not extendable beyond a certain limit in which event an
employee is deemed to have been confirmed. We feel that on this point a
Constitution Bench decision of this Court in State of Punjab v. Dharam
H
626 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] 3 S.C.R.
_.._.
A Singh, [I 968] 3 SCR p. I, providing that if an employee is continued after
maximum period of probation which under the rules cannot be extended any
further the employee shall be deemed to have been confirmed, continues to
hold the field. But the case in hand is not claimed to form the second category
of cases as quoted in para 11 of the decision in the case of Satya Narayan
Jhavar (supra).
B
Learned senior counsel for the respondent, rightly points out that the
case of the petitioner may fall in the first and the third category of employees
i!
as indicated in para 1 I of Jhavar's case quoted above. That is to say the rules
do not prescribe any maximum period of probation beyond which it cannot
c be extended and that along with successful completion of period of probation
the employee has also to pass the required tests. We feel, given by itself,
without any further facts the appellant would not be entitled to claim deemed
confirmation but for the fact that an order passed by the competent authority
dated 6.1O.I989 intervenes which makes a declaration that the appellant has
satisfactorily completed the period of probation. As discussed in detail, in the
D earlier part of the judgment the relaxation has been given in regard to the
period taken in clearing the examination as well as in regard to rule 7(e)
latter part of which provides that three years further period of satisfactory
probation in addition to one year period as provided under rule 6. The
relaxation is therefore, from both the requirements, in that background the
question which thus arises for consideration is, in such circumstances there
E
would be deemed confirmation of the employee or not. In our view, this is
a category of cases other than those three mentioned in paragraph I I in the
•
case of Satya Narayan Jhavar (supra). The logic behind not treating a
probationer deemed to be confirmed on completion of period of probation is
that unless there is an order of confirmation he would be taken to be continuing
F on probation. But here we are faced with a situation where the state government
itself has given a declaration that the appellant has satisfactorily completed
the period of probation in the cadre of Deputy Superintendent of Police
category 2. That being the position it cannot be said that despite the above
said order dated 6.10.1989 the appellant could still be treated to be continuing
on probation only for the reason that no specific order of confirmation has
G been passed. It will rather be self-contradictory in terms. The inconsistency
cannot co-exist. Either the employee has successfully completed the period
)(
of probation or he may still be in the process of successful completion of
probation even though the period may run beyond the period prescribed for
the purpose. After successful completion of the period of probation and any
H other condition or requirement as may be prescribed under the rules nothing
•
M.M. KHASHJM v. U.0.1. (BRIJESH KUMAR, J.] 627
else is required to be done and the only corollary to follow is that with A
successful completion of period of probation the incumbent would be deemed
to have been confirmed. It would have been a different matter if the appellant
had only successfully completed the period of probation but had not yet
'Cleared the tests as prescribed under rule 6(b) because in that case there was
yet another hurdle to be crossed but as seen in the discussion held earlier, the B
appellant has satisfied both the conditions namely, successful completion of
period of probation as well as he cleared the tests as prescribed under the
rules. Both the conditions having been complied with and. a declaration to
that effect having been made under the orders of the State in relaxation of the
rules nothing else remained to be done. At this stage it may also be observed
that in the case of Dayaram Dayal v. State of M.P., [1997) 7 SCC 443, apart C
from the condition of completion of period of probation the condition regarding
clearing of the prescribed departmental examinations was overlooked. It was,
therefore, found that mere completion of period of probation was not enough
without passing prescribed departmental examination. Thus, the observation
made in the case of Satya Narayan Jhavar (supra) in relation to the case of
Dayaram Dayal (supra) that it does not lay down the correct law will have D
no effect, so far the present case is concerned.

In view of the discussion held above, the position that clearly emerges
is that in absence of the order dated 6.10.1989 granting relaxation to the
appellant in respect of rules 6(a) and 7(e) the appellant would not have been E
in a position to claim the benefit of deemed confirmation. But once that
relaxation has been granted and he is taken to have cleared the tests in time
and it was declared that he would successfully completed the period of
probation no other formality had to be undergone, thus he would inevitably
be deemed to be confirmed. In this view of the matter, the appellant was
unreasonably put out of the consideration for selection to the cadre of Indian F
Police Service for the year 1989.

Ms. K. Amareshwari, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondent
submitted that the Central Administrative Tribunal had held that the question
of confirmation in the state services could not be con'sidered by it, therefore,
the matter may either be remanded to the Central Administrative Tribunal or G
the appellant may be allowed to seek his remedy regarding confirmation
before the State Services Tribunal. We feel that the whole matter is before
us and all the parties have made their submissions relating to all aspects of
the matter. We don't think it would be an appropriate case for remanding it
to any Tribunal at this late stage when the appellant has already retired from H
628 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] 3 S.C.R.

A service. However, this point has not been further pursued 'by the learned
senior counsel for the respondent and we feel rightly.

In the result, the order passed by the Central Administrative Tribunal
is set aside and the respondents are directed· to consider the case of the.
appellant for selection to the Indian Police Service for the year 1989 and in
B case he is selected he shall be entitled to notional promotions and financial
benefits only without affecting the position of the private respondents in any
manner whatsoever, which shall be continued to be maintained treating their f
selection for Indian Police Service in the year 1989.

Parties to bear their own costs.
c
R.P. Appeal allowed.