MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIAversusJSS MEDICAL COLLEGE & ANR.

                        [2012) 1 S.C.R. 136


A                  MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA
                                  v.
                JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE & ANR.
                  (Civil Appeal No. 274 of 2012)
                         JANUARY 11, 2012
B
    [H.L. DATTU AND CHANDRAMAULI KR. PRASAD, JJ.)

       Interim order: Maintainability of - Writ petition by medical
  college seeking increase of seats for MBBS course from 150
C to 200 for the academic year 2011-12 - High Court passing
  an interim order granting permission to increase the intake
  of MBBS students from 150 to 200 for the academic year
  2011-12 - Correctness of - Held: High Court erred in
  permitting increase in seats by interim order - It ought to have
D realized that granting such permission by an interim order
  would have a cascading effect - By virtue of such order,
  students are admitted and though many of them would take
  the risk knowingly but few may be ignorant - In most of such
  cases when finally the issue is decided against the college,
E the welfare of the students is seriously effected - If on ultimate
  analysis it is found that the college's claim for increase of
  seats is untenable, in such an event the admission of students
  with reference to the increased seats shall be illegal - There
  cannot be anything more destructive of the rule of law than a
F direction by the court to allow continuance of such students,
  whose admissions is found illegal in the ultimate analysis -
  Courts cannot by its fiat increase the seats, a task entrusted
  to the Board of Governors, a body vested with the power to
  carry out the functions and duties of Medical Council of India
G and that too by interim order - The interim order passed by
  the High Court is set aside - Education.
     The Board of Governors, a body vested with the
  power to carry out the functions and duties of Medical
  Council of India rejected the application filed by the
H                           136
    MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. JSS MEDICAL               137
                  COLLEGE

respondent-medical college for increasing the seats for          A
MBBS course from 150 to 200 for the academic year 20,1·
12. The respondent-college filed a writ petition before the
High Court. The High Court passed an interim order
granting permission to increase the intake of MBBS
students from 150 to 200 for the academic year. The              B
instant appeal was filed challenging the interim order of
the High Court.

     Allowing the appeal, the Court

      HELD: 1. The High Court erred in permitting increase       C
 in seats by interim order. In normal circumstances the
 High Court should not issue interim order granting
 permission for increase of the seats. The High Court
 ought to realize that granting such permission by an
interim order has a cascading effect. By virtue of such          D
 order students are admitted as in the instant case and
though many of them had taken the risk knowingly but
few may be ignorant In most of such cases when finally
the issue is decided against the College the welfare and
plight of the students are ultimately projected to arouse        E
sympathy of the Court. It results in very awkward and
difficult situation. If on ultimate anc.lysis it is found that
the College's claim for increase of seats is untenable, in
such an event the admission of students with reference
to the increased seats shall be illegal. There cannot be         F
anything more destructive of the rule of law than a
direction by the court to allow continuance of such
students, whose admissions is found illegal in the
ultimate analysis. This Court is entrusted with the task to
administer law and uphold its majesty. Courts cannot by          G
its fiat increase the seats, a task entrusted to the Board
of Governors and that too by interim order. In a matter like
the present one, decisions on issues have to be
addressed at the interlocutory stage and they can not be
deferred or dictated later when serious complications            H
    138       SUPREME COURT REPORTS              (2012) 1 S.C.R.


A might ensue from the interim order itself. The interim
  order passed by the High Court is unsustainable. [Paras
  10, 11) [143-B-F; 144-D]

       Medical Council of India v. Rajiv Gandhi University of
B HealthSciences, (2004) 6 SCC 76 : 2004 (3) SCR 1119 •
  relied on.

                         Case Law Reference:

          2004 (3) SCR 1119       referred to           Para 10
c        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 274
    of 2012.

      From the Judgment & Order dated 24.08.2011 of the High
  Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in Writ Pt:tition (Civil) No.
D 31587 of 2007.

          Nidesh Gupta, Amit Kumar, Rekha Bakshi, Ashish Kumar,
    Avijit Mani Tripathi, Jawahar Narang for the Appellant.

      K.K. Venugopal, Vishvanath Shetty, S. Udaya Kumar
E Sagar, Bina Madhavan, Sashikiran Shetty, Vinita Sasidharan,
  Praseena E. Joseph, Lawyer's Knit & Co. for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

F      CHANDRAMAULI KR. PRASAD, J. 1. Medical Council
  of India, aggrieved by the interim order dated 24th August,
  2011 passed by a Division Bench of the Karnataka High Court
  in Writ Petition No. 31587 of 2011 whereby it had permitted
  JSS Medical College, Respondent No. 1 .herein, to increase
  the seats for MBBS Course from 150 to 200 for the academic
G year 2011-2012, has preferred this special leave petition.

          2. Leave granted.

      3. In view of the order which we propose to pass in this
H appeal it is inexpedieni to give in detail the facts of the case.
    MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. JSS MEDICAL                     139
    COLLEGE [CHANDRAMAULI KR. PRASAD, J.]
 Suffice it to say that JSS Medical College, Respondent No. 1 A
 herein (hereinafter referred to as 'the College'), is recognized
for imparting MBBS education with intake capacity of 150
 students. On 27th of November, 2010, the College submitted
 an application for increase of intake capacity for the MBBS
 Course from the academic year 2011-2012 from 150 to 250. B
The Board of Governors, the body to which power has been
vested to carry out the functions and duties of the Medical
Council of India (hereinafter referred to as 'the Board of
Governors') appointed assessor by order dated 23rd of
February, 2011 to assess the physical and other teaching c
facilities available for grant of letter of permission for the
increase of MBBS seats from 150 to 250 to the College for
the academic year 2011-2012.

      4. In the light of the aforesaid order the assessor visited
 the College and made assessment of the physical and other             D
 teachin9 facilities available for grant of letter of permission for
 increase of MBBS seats from 150 to 250 and submitted its
 report. The assessment report was considered by the Board
 of Governors which decided not to issue letter of permission
 for increase of seats as the infrastructure facilities, clinical      E
 material and faculty were inadequate. It also found deficiency
 in equipments and other deficiencies as pointed out in the
assessment report. Accordingly, the Board of Governors by its
letter dated 5th of May, 2011 called upon the College to submit
its response as to why its proposal for increase of seats be           F
not disapproved and returned. The College by its letter dated
21st May, 2011 submitted its response and claimed that it has
adequate infrastructure, clinical material and teaching facilities
to meet the teaching and training requirement for the enhanced
intake of 250 students and, at the same time, wrote that in the        G
event of the Board of Governors finding that the same are not
adequate for granting increase of seats to 250, the request may
be considered for enhanced intake from 150 to 200 seats. The
compliance report submitted by the College along with
assessment reports of the assessor were forwarded by the               H
    140      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2012] 1 S.C.R.
                                            ..
A Board of Governors to the assessor by letter dated 1st of June,
  2011 for their perusal and for carrying out the assessment for
  increase of MBBS seats from 150 to 250. It is relevant here to
  state that the College by its letter dated 3rd of June, 2011 wrote
  to the Coordinator of the assessment team "to revise the
B assessment for increase of MBBS seats from 150 to 200
  admissions instead of 250 seats". By the said letter the College
  claimed that it had infrastructure facilities, clinical materials and
  teaching facilities including the instruments for 200 admissions
  for MBBS Course.
c      5. The claim for increase of seats from 150 to 250 was
  considered and the Board of Governors decided "to return the
  app!ications as disapproved for increase of seats from 150 to
  250" for the academic year 2011-2012 by its letter dated 30th
  of June, 2011. The College by its letter dated 8th of July, 2011
D made request for reconsideration of increase of seats from 150
  to 200 inter alia stating that "the team of. assessors who visited
  the College on 3rd of June, 2011 after assessing the seats have
  not only recommended for continuation of 150 seats but also
  have recommended for additional 50 seats intake taking into
E account adequacy of additional facilities, book space,
  equipment and other facilities". The Board of Governors
  reconsidered the claim of the College with regard to increase
  of seats in MBBS Course from 150 seats to 200/250 seats and
  decided to reiterate its earlier decision as the cut of date for
F issuance of letter of permission, i.e., 30th of June, 2011 is
  already over.
        6. Aggrieved by the same, the College filed the writ
  petition inter alia praying for quashing the decision of the Board
  of Governors dated 30th of June, 2011 and 5th of August, 2011
G by issuance of a writ in the naturtl of certiorari or any other
  appropriate writ and further prayed for issuance of a writ in the
  nature of mandamus directing the Medical Council of India for
  issuance of letter of permission for increase of intake in its
  MBBS Course from 150 to 200 for the year 2011-2012 as also
H
    MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. JSS MEDICAL                        141
    COLLEGE [CHANDRAMAULI KR. PRASAD, J.]
to admit 200 students. By way of interim relief the petitioner            A
made the following prayer :
           "Pending disposal of the above writ petition, it is
     prayed that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to permit
     the petitioner institution to admit to an intake of 200              B
     students for its MBBS course as per recommendation of
     its expert body, subject to further orders of this Hon'ble
     Court in the interest of justice and equity"

     By the order impugned the High Court passed the
following interim order '.                                                C

           "The petitioner institution is permitted to increase the
     intake of MBBS students from 150 to 200 for the academic
     year 2011-2012. Medical Council of India is at liberty to
     indicate any deficiency if it comes across for the intake of D
     200 seats in MBBS for the academic year 2011-2012 and
     direct compliance of the same within three months from
     the receipt of their communication.
           This order is subject to final result in the writ petition".
                                                                          E
     7. Mr. Nidesh Gupta, Senior Advocate appears on behalf
of the appellant whereas Respondent No. 1 is represented by
Mr. K.K. Venugopal, Senior Advocate. To put the record straight
Senior Counsel representing the parties had addressed us in
detail and invited us to finally pronounce the judgment on all F
issues. At one stage we were inclined to do that but finding that
the present appeal is against an interim order and the High
Court is yet to finally pronounce the judgment on merits, we
declined to take the final call and intend to decide the validity
of the interim order only.                                        G
     8. Power to grant final relief implies within itself power to
grant interim relief unless it is specifically prohibited by law.
However, in the facts and circumstances of the case we are of
the opinion that the High Court erred in permitting the increase
of the seats by an interim order. It is not in dispute that the Board     H
    142        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                (2012] 1 S.C.R.


A of Governors for exercise of its statutory power under Section
   10.A of the Medial Council of India Act, 1956 has fixed various
   schedules including last date for submission of the application
   for increase in the seats as also the date till when the Board of
   Governors had to take the decision. It is an admitted position
B that the College had made request for increase of seats from
   150 to 250 within the time prescribed. It had not filled
   application for increase from 150 seats to 200 seats within the
   time stipulated but made request for increase of 200 seats after
   the assessor's report. It is not on prescribed format but by
c 'means of a letter. By that time the schedule fixed for increase
   of seats by the Board of Governors had already expired.

        9. In view of these facts, following questions arise for
    consideration:

D         1.    Whether or not the application filed by the College
                later on for consideration of its claim for the reduced
                seat of 200 after the expiry of period will date back
                to the date of original application?

          2.    Whether or not the application for increase filed
E
                after the scheduled date is required to be
                considered?

          3.    Whether or not the assessors exceeded in its
                jurisdiction to consider the claim of the College for
F               increase of 200 seats, when undisputedly they were
                assigned the task of assessing the College's claim
                for increase of 250 seats?
          4.    Whether or not the Board of Governors was right
G               in rejecting the claim of the College on the expiry
                of the outer limit by which the decision to increase
                the number of seats was to be taken by it?
          5.    Whether or not the High Court while exercising the
                power under Article 226 and 227 of the Constitution
H               of India could straightaway permit increase of seats
   MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA v. JSS MEDICAL                   143
   COLLEGE [CHANDRAMA'JLI KR. PRASAD, J.]
            or direct for consideration of the claim by the         A
            competent authority?

       10. Without adverting to the aforesaid issues and many
 other issues which may arise for determination, the High Court,
 in our opinion, erred in permitting increase in seats by interim B
 order. In normal circumstances the High Court should not issue
 interim order granting permission for increase of the seats. High
 Court ought to realize that granting such permission by an
 interim order has a cascading effect. By virtue of such order
 students are admitted as in the present case and though many C
 of them had taken the risk knowingly but few may be ignorant.
 In most of such cases when finally the issue is decided against
 the College the welfare and plight of the students are ultimately
 projected to arouse sympathy of the Court. It results in very
awkward and difficult situation. If on ultimate analysis it is found
that the College's claim for increase of seats is untenable, in D
such an event the admission of students with reference to the
increased seats shall be illegal. We cannot imagine anything
more destructive of the rule of law than a direction by the court
to allow continuance of such students, whose admissions is
found illegal in the ultimate analysis. This Court is entrusted with E
the task to administer Jaw and uphold its majesty. Courts cannot
by its fiat increase the seats, a task entrusted to the Board ot
Governors and that too by interim order. In a matter like the
present one, decisions on issues have to be addressed at the
interlocutory stage and they can not be deferred or dictated later F
when serious complications might ensue from the interim order
itself. There are large number of authorities which take this view
and instead of burdening this judgment with all those authorities
it would be sufficient to refer to a three Judge Bench decision
of this Court in the case of Medical Council of India v. Rajiv G
Gandhi University of Health Sciences, (2004) 6 SCC 76, in
which it has been held as follows:
         "14. In the normal circumstances, the High Court
    ought not to issue an interim order when for the earlier year   H
    144        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2012) 1 S.C.R.


A         itself permission had not been granted by the Council.
          Indeed, by grant of such interim orders students who have
          been admitted in such institutions would be put to serious
          jeopardy, apart from the fact whether such institutions
          could run the medical college without following the law.
B         Therefore, we make it clear that the High Court ought not
          to grant such interim orders in any of the cases where the
          Council has not granted permission in terms of Section 10-
           A of the Medical Council Act. If interim orders are granted
          to those institutions which have been established without
c          fulfilling the prescribed conditions to admit students, it will
           lead to serious jeopardy to the students admitted in these
           institutions."

        11. For all these reasons we are of the opinion that the
  interim order passed by the High Court is unsustainable. Any
D observation made by us in this judgment is for disposal of the
  present appeal and shall have no bearing on the merits of the
  case. Further, as the matter pertains to increase in seats in
  educational institution, we deem it expedient that the High Court
  considers and disposes of the case on merit expeditiously.
E
        12. Resultantly, we allow this appeal, set aside the
  impugned interim order of the High Court with the observation
  aforesaid. However, there shall be no order as to costs.

    D.G.                                               Appeal allowed.