MAHANTH SATYANAND @ RAMJEE SINGHversusSHYAM LAL CHAUHAN AND OTHERS

                        [2018] 2 S.C.R. 521                            521


         MAHANTH SATYANAND @ RAMJEE SINGH                              A
                                 v.
            SHYAM LAL CHAUHAN AND OTHERS
                  (Civil Appeal No. 6318 of 2010)
                       FEBRUARY 08, 2018                               B
       [N. V. RAMANA AND S. ABDUL NAZEER, JJ.]
      Code of Civil Procedure, 1908: O.XXII, r.5 – Impleadment of
legal representative in pending appeal – High Court allowing
impleadment applications preferred by rival contenders entitling
                                                                       C
both the contenders to raise their respective arguments in subject
matter of suit without determining as to who is the actual legal
representative of the deceased – Propriety of – Held: When a
question arises before the Court in a pending matter as to who will
come on record as the legal heir of the deceased, the Court shall,
before proceeding to decide with the substantive issues involved in    D
the case, first and foremost, shall decide who is the legal
representative of the deceased – Without doing so, the Court cannot
proceed with the disposal of the case on hand – At the same time,
the Court cannot make all the contenders as parties – The aspect of
deciding legal representative cannot also be postponed with a view
                                                                       E
to decide the same at the time of final disposal of the appeal on
merits – The statute has clearly mandated that if the question of
deciding the legal representative of a legatee arises before an
appellate Court, it may direct the subordinate Court to make
enquiries by leading evidence if any through the process of trial
and record its finding as to who is the legal representative – After   F
considering the finding recorded by the trial Court, the appellate
Court can decide and bring on record the legal representative of
the deceased – Matter remitted to High Court for determining the
issue as per provisions of O.XXII, r.5 of the Code.
     Allowing the appeals and remitting the matter to High             G
Court, the Court
      HELD: 1. The issue of bringing on record the legal
representative in a pending appeal has to be dealt with in a when
a question arises before the Court in a pending matter as to who
will come on record as the legal heir of the deceased, the Court       H
                               521
522            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2018] 2 S.C.R.


A     shall, before proceeding to decide with the substantive issues
      involved in the case, first and foremost, shall decide who is the
      legal representative of the deceased manner prescribed under
      the provisions of Order XXII, Rule 5. When a question arises
      before the Court in a pending matter as to who will come on
      record as the legal heir of the deceased, the Court shall, before
B
      proceeding to decide with the substantive issues involved in the
      case, first and foremost, shall decide who is the legal
      representative of the deceased. It is also well settled that when a
      party dies at the stage of second appeal and there are rival
      contenders claiming to be the legal representatives of the
C     deceased, as in the present case, there is a burden cast upon the
      Court to first decide as to who is the legal representative of the
      deceased. Without doing so, the Court cannot proceed with the
      disposal of the case on hand. At the same time, the Court cannot
      make all the contenders as parties. The aspect of deciding legal
      representative cannot also be postponed with a view to decide
D
      the same at the time of final disposal of the appeal on merits.[Para
      10] [526-H; 527-A-C]
             2. It is indisputable that the procedural laws are meant to
      advance justice. A procedure contemplated under the code which
      is mandatory in nature shall not be skipped or ignored by the
E     Courts. Whereas, in the instant case, the High Court’s approach
      has diluted the purport of Order XXII, Rule 5 of the CPC. [Para
      11] [527-E-F]
             CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 6318
      of 2010.
F            From the Judgment and Order dated 24.02.2009 of the High
      Court of Judicature at Patna in Second Appeal No. 169 of 1993.
                                      WITH
             C. A. NO. 6319 OF 2010
             Nagendra Rai, R. Venkataramani, Sr. Advs., Ms. Prerna Singh,
G     Rohit K. Singh, T. Mahipal, Atishi Dipankar, Santosh Kumar, Sukumar,
      Jitendra Kumar, Prafulla Ranjan Tiwary, Rajiv Ranjan Mishra, Atishi
      Dipankar, T. Mahipal, G. Umapati, Ardhendumauli Kumar Prasad, Ms.
      Taruna Ardhendumauli Prasad, Namit Saxena, Nirnimesh Dube, Advs.
      for the appearing parties.
H           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
 MAHANTH SATYANAND @ RAMJEE SINGH v. SHYAM LAL                                523
             CHAUHAN AND OTHERS

       N. V. RAMANA, J. 1. These appeals by special leave are                 A
directed against an interim order dated 24.2.2009 passed by the learned
Single Judge of the High Court of Judicature at Patna in Second Appeal
No. 169 of 1993.In the said appeal, while dealing with I.A. No. 7162 of
1999 and I.A. No. 8089 of 1999, filed by two applicants and each of
them claiming to be the sole legal representative of the deceased appellant
                                                                              B
No.1 before the High Court, the High Court has allowed both the
applications of rival contenders and permitted both of them to raise their
respective arguments in the subject matter of pending civil suit.
       2. The genesis of the case is traceable to a Suit filed by the
respondents herein against one Swami Sheo Dharmanand and two others
seeking the relief of declaration that they are trespassers and for           C
consequential relief of grant of permanent injunction. Consequent to its
dismissal, plaintiffs—respondents filed First Appeal before the Sub-Judge,
Bhabhua which was allowed. The aggrieved defendants preferred
Second Appeal before the High Court. During the pendency of Second
Appeal before the High Court, one of the original defendants i.e. Swami       D
Sheo Dharmanand (Appellant No. 1 before the High Court) died.
Afterwards, the appellants herein, filed their separate I.As. in the Second
Appeal seeking to implead themselves as actual chela and successor of
the deceased. The High Court, by its order dated 2.7.2008 remanded
the matter to the trial Court to submit a report under Order 22 Rule 5of
the Code of Civil procedure, 1908 [hereinafter referred as ‘CPC’ for          E
brevity]. The relevant portion of the order dated 2.7.2008 passed by the
High Court reads:
        “It is necessary to determine the question of legal representative
        of deceased appellant. Order 22 Rule 5 CPC provides procedure
        for determination of above question. It runs as follows :-            F

          5. Determination of question as to legal representative :-
          Where a question arises as to whether any person is or is not
          the legal representative of a deceased plaintiff or a deceased
          defendant, such question shall be determined by the Court:-
                                                                              G
          Provided that where such question arises before an appellate
          Court, that court may, before determining the question, direct
          any subordinate court to try the question and to return the
          records together with evidence, if any, recorded at such trial,
          its findings and reasons therefore, and the appellate court may
          take the same into consideration in determining the question.       H
524             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2018] 2 S.C.R.


A              Thus, in view of the above provision, the matter of determination
              of legal representative of deceased appellant No.1 Sheo Dharma
              Nand @ Deo Shankar Tiwary is sent to the lower court i.e. Sub
              Judge-I, Bhabua who will try the question and return the records
              to this court along with his findings and evidence, if any, within
              two months of receipt of this order.”
B
             3. The trial Court after taking into consideration the relevant issues
      involved in the case both on factual and legal aspects has given a report
      dated 4th December, 2008 that Swami Satyanand Maharaj (appellant in
      Civil Appeal No. 6318 of 2010) is the legal representative of the deceased
      and sent the report to the High Court. Aggrieved thereby, the applicant
C     (appellant in C.A. No. 6319 of 2010) has filed his objections before the
      High Court and in response to the same, the other applicant (appellant in
      C.A. No. 6318 of 2010) has filed counter affidavit. After hearing the
      parties at length, the High Court has passed the impugned order allowing
      the I.As of both the applicants and permitted both of them to participate
D     in the pending second appeal proceedings. It is appropriate to extract
      here Paragraph 19 of the impugned order which is in the following terms:
              “In the aforesaid facts and circumstances, this Court feels it
              necessary and proper to dispose of all the three applications,
              namely, I.A. No. 7162 of 1999, I.A. No. 8089 of 1999 and I.A.
E             No.357 of 2005 with a direction that both the applicants, namely,
              Swami Triyoganand alias Ram Narayan Prasad (applicant of IA
              No. 7162 of 1999) and Mahanth Satyanand alias Ramjee Singh
              (applicant of I.A. No. 8089 of 1999) be substituted in place of
              deceased appellant No.1 Sheo Dharmanad alias Deo Shankar
              Tewary. Both of them will be entitled to be represented through
F             their respective counsel and also to raise their respective
              arguments with respect to the subject matter of the suit at the
              time of final hearing of this second appeal but they shall not be
              entitled to raise any point which may be contrary to the stand,
              pleadings and evidence of the original defendant-appellant No.1”.
G            4. Now the question that falls for our consideration in these appeals
      is whether the High Court was right in allowing the applications of both
      the rival claimants in the pending appeal entitling them to raise their
      respective arguments in the second appeal, without determining as to
      who is the actual legal representative of the deceased under Order 22
H     Rule 5 CPC.
MAHANTH SATYANAND @ RAMJEE SINGH v. SHYAM LAL                                  525
    CHAUHAN AND OTHERS [N. V. RAMANA, J.]

       5. The main contention of the appellants is that the High Court         A
has committed a grave error of law by allowing both the impleadment
applications preferred by the rival contenders staking claim to be the
genuine legal representatives of the deceased, without determining the
question under the prescribed provisions of law as to who is the legal
representative of the deceased appellant. The High Court’s order is not
                                                                               B
in consonance with the provisions of Order 22 Rule 5 of CPC and it is
unjust that instead of deciding the paramount question, the High Court
had simply passed the order entitling both the contenders to raise their
respective arguments in the subject matter of Suit. The order of the
High Court is perverse, not in the interest of justice and contrary to the
settled principles of law.                                                     C
       6. The counsel on behalf of the respondent has argued in support
of the order passed by the High Court and submitted that the High Court
has rightly allowed both the applications by giving opportunity to contest
the appeal.
      7. Then the issue that crops up for consideration is, what is the        D
course to be adopted by the Court when such an applications are filed
before the Court.
       8. The procedural aspect to be followed when an application is
filed under Order 22 Rule 5, CPC is no longer res integra as this Court in
Jaladi Suguna (deceased) through Lrs. Vs. Satya Sai Central Trust              E
and Others, (2008) 8 SCC 521, has interpreted Order 22 Rule 5 of
CPC in the following terms:
        “Filing an application to bring the legal representatives on record,
        does not amount to bringing the legal representatives on record.
        When an LR application is filed, the court should consider             F
        it and decide whether the persons named therein as the
        legal representatives, should be brought on record to
        represent the estate of the deceased. Until such decision by
        the court, the persons claiming to be the legal representatives
        have no right to represent the estate of the deceased, nor             G
        prosecute or defend the case. If there is a dispute as to who
        is the legal representative, a decision should be rendered
        on such dispute. Only when the question of legal
        representative is determined by the court and such legal
        representative is brought on record, it can be said that
        the estate of the deceased is represented.                             H
526             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2018] 2 S.C.R.


A             …        …                                …
              The provisions of Rule IV and V of Order XXII are mandatory.
              When a respondent in an appeal dies, the court cannot
              simply say that it will hear all rival claimants to the estate
              of the deceased respondent and proceed to dispose of the
B             appeal. Nor can it implead all persons claiming to be legal
              representatives, as parties to the appeal without deciding
              who will represent the estate of the deceased and proceed
              to hear the appeal on merits. The court cannot also
              postpone the decision as to who is the legal representative
              of the deceased respondent, for being decided along with
C             the appeal on merits. The Code clearly provides that where a
              question arises as to whether any person is or is not the legal
              representative of a deceased respondent, such question shall be
              determined by the court.
              …        …                                …
D
              Though Rule V does not specifically provide that determination
              of legal representative should precede the hearing of the appeal
              on merits, Rule 4 read with Rule 11 makes it clear that the
              appeal can be heard only after the legal representatives
              are brought on record”.
E
                                                          (emphasis supplied)
              9. Perceiving the present case in the above framework, the High
      Court, after noticing that two individual applicants have claimed to be
      the chelas of the deceased Mahanth and were contending to be his legal
F     representatives, has rightly by an order dated 2nd July, 2008 referred the
      matter to the Subordinate Judge, Bhabhua for determination under Order
      22 Rule 5 of CPC. Accordingly, the trial Court decided the question and
      sent back the matter with its report dated 4th December, 2008. Before
      the High Court, the rival contender has filed an objection and in response
      to the same, the other applicant has filed his counter affidavit. Thereafter,
G     the High Court, instead of deciding on merits the question of legal
      representative of the deceased out of the two contenders, has simply
      substituted both the contenders in the place of the deceased appellant
      before it.
            10. Apparently, the issue of bringing on record the legal
H     representative in a pending appeal has to be dealt with in a manner
 MAHANTH SATYANAND @ RAMJEE SINGH v. SHYAM LAL                                  527
     CHAUHAN AND OTHERS [N. V. RAMANA, J.]

prescribed under the provisions of Order 22 Rule 5. From the context of         A
the settled legal position, it is clear that when a question arises before
the Court in a pending matter as to who will come on record as the legal
heir of the deceased, the Court shall, before proceeding to decide with
the substantive issues involved in the case, first and foremost, shall decide
who is the legal representative of the deceased. It is also well settled
                                                                                B
that when a party dies at the stage of second appeal and there are rival
contenders claiming to be the legal representatives of the deceased, as
in the present case, there is a burden cast upon the Court to first decide
as to who is the legal representative of the deceased. Without doing so,
the Court cannot proceed with the disposal of the case on hand. At the
same time, the Court cannot make all the contenders as parties. The             C
aspect of deciding legal representative cannot also be postponed with a
view to decide the same at the time of final disposal of the appeal on
merits. It is significant that the statute has clearly mandated that if the
question of deciding the legal representative of a legatee arises before
an appellate Court, it may direct the subordinate Court to make enquiries
                                                                                D
by leading evidence if any through the process of trial and record its
finding as to who is the legal representative. After considering the finding
recorded by the trial Court, the appellate Court can decide and bring on
record the legal representative of the deceased.
       11. It is indisputable that the procedural laws are meant to advance
justice. A procedure contemplated under the code which is mandatory in          E
nature shall not be skipped or ignored by the Courts. Whereas, in the
instant case, the High Court’s approach has diluted the purport of Order
22 Rule 5 of the CPC and is contrary to the law laid down by this Court
in Jaladi Suguna (supra). Such an approach of the High Court cannot
be sustained.                                                                   F
        12. Although we are apprised of the fact that alleged legal
representatives relying on certain customs to prove whether a Grihastya
could be a Guru under the relevant sampradaya. We need not concern
our self with the aforesaid findings on merit given by the trial court at
this stage. It is for the High Court to consider the aforesaid report of the    G
trial Court and determine the disputed question of fact. It may not be out
of context to note that the determination under Order XXII Rule 5 of
CPC is summary in nature and for limited purpose. Order passed on the
impleadment applications, determining a particular person as legal
representative has no effect of final decision or operates as res-judicata
                                                                                H
528              SUPREME COURT REPORTS                        [2018] 2 S.C.R.


A     between the legal representatives as to the question of who should ascend
      as Guru. At the cost of repetition, we may note that the determination
      by the High Court would be limited to the question, as to who should be
      brought on record in the place of deceased for the purposes of continuing
      the suit alone, and nothing beyond that.
B            13. In view of the foregoing reasons, we set aside the order of
      the High Court and remit the matter back to the High Court for determining
      the issue as per the provisions of Order 22 Rule 5. The High Court shall
      decide the question on merits as to who is the legal representative of the
      deceased Swami Sheo Dharmanand on the basis of the reports submitted
      by the trial Court and also taking into account any objections or material
C     which the parties rely upon. Only thereafter, the High Court shall proceed
      with the hearing of second appeal. We request the High Court to take up
      the matter as early as possible and dispose of the same expeditiously in
      accordance with law.
             14. Before parting with the appeals, we make it clear that we
D     have not expressed any opinion on the merits of the case. Any observation
      made by us in this judgment should not be construed as an expression of
      this Court and the High Court has to deal with the same in accordance
      with the provisions of law.
             15. The appeals are allowed in the above terms. Consequently, all
E     the pending applications, if any, shall also stand disposed of. No costs.


      Devika Gujral                                               Appeals allowed.


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