M/S. U.P.S.R.T.C.versusIMTIAZ HUSSAIN

                              MIS. U.P.S.R.T.C.                                  A
                                     v.
                             IMTIAZ HUSSAIN

                           DECEMBER 12, 2005

           [ARIJIT PASA YAT AND TARUN CHATTERJEE, JJ.]                           B

     Labour Laws:

       Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes Act, 1947-Section 6(6)-Scope and
ambit of-Termination-Labour Court directed reinstatement-But did not C
grant back-wages as it concluded that the workman was not permanent-
Application under S.6(6) alleging such conclusion by Court to be incorrect-
Labour Court modified its original award and passed certain directions on
payment of salary and allowances till re-instatement-Order of Labour Court
modifying its original award-Validity of-Held, not valid-Principles D
applicable to S. 152 CPC are clearly applicable to S. 6(6)-Hence, only
clerical/accidental omissions or mistakes could be corrected-and not
omissions or mistakes which go to merits of the case resulting in passing of
effective judicial orders after the judgment-Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-
Section 152.
                                                                                 E
     Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-Section 152-Powers under-Scope
of-Discussed-Maxims of equity-Applicability of-Maxims- 'Actus curiae
neminem gravabit' and"Lex non cogit ad impossibilia".

     Code of Civil Procedure, 1908-Sections 151 & 152-Powers under-
Misuse of-Liberal construction and application of Ss. 151 & 152 by Courts        F
below even after passing ofeffective orders in /is pending before them noticed
with contempt.              .

      Respondent, appointed as conductor with the Appellant-corporation was
found not to have issued tickets to passengers. He was placed under suspension
and subsequently removed from service. Respondent raised industrial dispute. G
The Labour Court held that disciplinary enquiry against the Respondent was
not conducted in a fair manner and accordingly directed his re-instatement
However, the Court being of the view that the Respondent was not in the list
of permanent conductors, directed that he was not entitled to get any back-
                                     725                                         II
    726                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A wages. Subsequently an application under Section 6(6) of the Uttar Pradesh
   Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 was filed stating that the conclusion of the
   Labour Court that Respondent was not in the permanent list of Conductors
   was not correct and therefore, he was entitled to the benefit of back-wages.
 · Labour Court modified the original award and passed certain directions about
   payment of salary and allowances till re-instatement. Aggrieved, Appellant
B filed writ petition before High Court which held that on the facts of the case,
   Respondent was entitled to 50% backwages with interest.

           In appeal to this Court it was contended that the order passed by the
    Labour Court modifying the original award was clearly beyond the scope and
C   ambit of Section 6(6) of the U.P. Act, which only permitted correction of clerical
    or arithmetical mistakes in the award or errors arising in the award from
    any accidental slip or omission, and that the High Court decided the writ
    petition without addressing itself to this vital question.

          Allowing the appeal, the Court
D
          HELD: I. Section 6(6) of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act is similar to
    Section 152 CPC. There is no similar provision in the Industrial Disputes
    Act, 1947. (729-G I

          2.1. Section 152 provides for corre~tion of clerical or arithmetical
E mistakes in judgments, decrees or orders or errors arising therein from any
    accidental slip or omission. The exercise of this power contemplates the
    correction of mistakes by the Court of its ministerial actions and does not
    contemplate of passing effective judicial orders after the judgment, decree or
    order. (729-H; 730-AI

F         2.2. The settled position of law is that after the passing of the judgment,
    decree or order, the same becomes final subject to any further avenues of
     remedies provided in respect of the same and the very Court or the tribunal,
    on mere change of view, is not entitled to vary the terms of the judgments,
    decrees and orders earlier passed except by means of review, if statutorily
G   provided specifically therefor and subject to the conditions or limitations
    provided therein. The powers under Section 152 CPC are neither to be equated
    with the power of review nor can be said to be akin to review or. even said to
    clothe the Court concerned under the guise of invoking after the result of
    the judgment earlier rendered, in its entirety or any portion or part of it. The
    corrections contemplated are of correcting only accidental omissions or
H   mistakes and not all omissions and mistakes which might have been
                        U.P.S.R.T.C. v. IMTIAZ HUSSAIN                        727
committed by the Court while passing the judgment, decree or order. The              A
omission sought to be corrected which goes to the merits of the case is beyond
the scope of Section 152 as if it is looking into it for the first time, for which
the proper remedy for the aggrieved party if at all is to file appeal or revision
before the higher forum or review application before the very forum, subject
to the limitations in respect of such review. It implies that the Section cannot
be pressed into service to correct an omission which is intentional, however         B
erroneous that may be.1730-B-EJ

       2.3. It has been noticed that the courts below have been liberally
construing and applying the provisions of Sections 151 and 152 of CPC even
after passing of effective orders in the lis pending before them. No Court can,      C
under the cover of the aforesaid sections, modify, alter or add to the terms of
its original judgment, decree or order. 1730-E-FI

     Dwaraka Das v. State of Madhya Pradesh and Anr., [199913 SCC 500
and Jayalakshmi Coelho v. Oswald Joseph Coelho, (2001) 4 SCC 181, relied
on.                                                                                  D
       3. The basis of the provision under Section 152, CPC is founded on the
maxim 'actus curiae neminem gravabit' i.e. an act of court shall prejudice no
man. An unintentional mistake of the Court which may prejudice the cause
of any party must and alone could be rectified. The said maxim is founded
upon justice and good sense which serves a safe and certain guide for the            E
administration of law. The other maxim is, lex non cogit ad impossibilia - the
law does not compel a man to do what he cannot possibly perform. The law
itself and its administration is understood to disclaim as it does in its general
aphorisms, all intention of compelling impossibilities, and the administration
of law must adopt that general exception in the consideration of 11articular         F
cases. 1730-G; 731-C-DI

       Raj Kumar Dey v. Tarapada Dey, l1987) 4 SCC 398; Gursharan Singh
v. New Delhi Municipal Committee, (199612SCC459 and Mohammad Gazi
v. State of M.P. and Ors., 1200014 SCC 342, relied on.

      Master Construction Co. (P) Ltd v. State ofOrissa, AIR (1966) SC 1047,         G
referred to.

      Freeman v. Tranah, 12 CB 406, referred to.

      4. The principles as applicable to Section 152 CPC are clearly applicable      H
    728                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005) SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A to Section 6(6) of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act. In the aforesaid background
    the Labour Court was not justified in modifying the award as was originally
    made. The liigh Court also had not considered this aspect and decided the
    writ petition filed by the appellant on issues other than this vital issue.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 24of2005.
B
          From the Judgment and Order dated 22.9.2003 of the Allahabad High
    Court in C.M.W.P. No. 2219of1995.

          Pradeep Misra for the Appellant.

C         Anis Ahmed Khan for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          ARIJIT PASAYA T, J. Challenge in this appeal is to the order passed by
    a learned Single Judge of the Allahabad High Court in a review application.
D         Factual background in a nutshell was as follows:

           The respondent who was appointed as a conductor of the appellant-
    Corporation during inspection on 5.6.1989 he was found not to have issued
    tickets to the passengers. He was placed under suspension on 20.6.1989. The
E   reply submitted by him was found to be unsatisfactorily and it was decided
    to conduct disciplinary enquiry. After condu'cting the enquiry, the enquiry
    officer submitted his report wherein charges were held to have been proved
    against the respondent. A show cause notice was issued to the respondent
    proposing to award th~ punishment of removal from service and after
    considering the reply submitted to the show cause notice and other relevant
F   record, the appointing authority passed an order removing him from service.
    An industrial dispute was raised by him questioning the legality of the order
    dated 3 l.12.1990. The labour court held that the enquiry was not conducted
    in a fair manner. However, being of the view that the respondent was not in
    the list of permanent conductors, it was held that he was not entitled to .get
G   any back wages. Therefore, only an order of reinstatement was passed. An
    application purported to be under Section 6(6) of the Uttar Pradesh Industrial
    Disputes Act, 1947 (in short the 'U.P. Act') was filed stating that the conclusion
    of the labour court that he was not in the permanent list was not correct and,
    therefore, he was entitled to the benefit of back wages. The labour court held
    that though from the pleadings of the parties it was not clear that the
H   employee concerned was not in the waiting list of permanent candidates yet
                U.P.S.R ..T.C. v. IMTIAZ HUSSAIN [PASA YAT, J.]              729
the award was to be modified. Certain directions about the payment of salary, A
allowances etc. from 31.12.1992 till reinstatement with continuity of service
was directed. This was questioned by the appellant before the Allahabad
High Court. A learned Single Judge held that though payment of back wages
was not the normal rule yet on the facts of the case the respondent was
entitled to 50% of the back wages with 9% interest. Said order is challenged · B
in this appeal.

       Learned counsel for the appellants su~mitted that the order passed by
the labour court in purported exercise of Section 6(6) of the U.P. Act was
clearly untenable. The same only permitted correction of clerical or arithmetical
mistakes in the award or errors arising in the award from any accidental slip       C
or omission. The order passed by the labour court modifying the original
award was clearly beyond the scope and ambit of Section 6(6) of the U.P. Act.
The High Court unfortunately did not address itself to this vital question and
directed payment of back wages with interest.

      In response learned counsel for the respondent submitted that the             D
labour court's order modifying the award was correct and no interference is
called for particularly when the High Court has reduced the back wages to
50% with only 9% ioterest.

     In order to appreciate rival submissions Section 6(6) of the U.P. Act
needs to be extracted. The same reads as follows:                                   E
      Section 6(6)

            "A Labour Court, Tribunal or Arbitrator may either of its own
        motion or on the application of any party to the dispute, correct any
        clerical or arithmetical mistakes in the award, or errors arising therein   F
        from any accidental slip or omission; whenever any correction is made
        as aforesaid, a copy of the order shall be sent to the State Government
        and the provision of this Act; relating to the publication of an award
        shall mutatis mutandis apply thereto."

      It is to be noted that there is no similar provision in the Industrial        G
Disputes Act, 1947 (in short the 'Act'). The provision is similar to Section 152
of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short the 'CPC').

      Section 152 provides for correction of clerical or arithmetical mistakes
in judgments, decrees or orders or errors arising therein from any accidental       H
    730                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2005] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A slip or omission. The exercise of this power contemplates the correction of
    mistakes by the Court of its ministerial actions and does not contemplate of
    passing effective judicial orders after the judgment, decree or order. ThC'.
    settled position of law is that after the passing of the judgment, decree or
    order, the same becomes final subject to any further avenues of remedies
B   provided in respect of the same and the very Court or the tribunal cannot,
    on mere change of view, is not entitled to vary the terms of the judgments,
    decrees and orders earlier passed except by means of review, if statutorily
    provided specifically therefor and subject to the conditions or limitations
    provided therein. The powers under Section 152 of the Code are neither to
    be equated with the power of review nor can be said to be akin to review or
C   even said to clothe the Court concerned under the guise of invoking after the
    result of the judgment earlier rendered, in its entirety or any portion or part
    of it. The corrections contemplated are of correcting only accidental omissions
    or mistakes and not all omissions and mistakes which might have been
    committed by the Court while passing the judgment, decree or order. The
    omission sought to be corrected which goes to the merits of the case is
D   beyond the scope of .Section 152 as if it is looking into it for the first time,
    for which the proper remedy for the aggrieved party if at all is to file appeal
    or revision before the higher forum or ~eview application before ·the very
    forum, subject to the limitations in respect of such review. It implies that the
    Section cannot be pressed into service to correct an omission which is
E   intentional, however erroneous that may be. It has been noticed that the
    courts below have been liberally construing and applying the provisions of
    Sections 151 and 152 of Code even after passing of effective orders in the
    lis pending before them. No Court can, under the cover of the aforesaid
    sections, modify, alter or add to the terms of its original judgment, decree or
    order. Similar view was expressed by this Court in Dwaraka Das v. State of
F   Madhya Pradesh and Anr., [1999] 3 SCC 500 and Jaya/akshmi Coelho v.
    Oswald Joseph Coelho, [2001] 4 SCC 181.

        The basis of the provision under Section 152 of the Code is founded
  on the maxim 'actus curiae neminem gravabit' i.e. an act of Court shall
  prejudice no man. The maxim "is founded upon justice and good sense, and
G affords a safe and certain guide for the administration of the law", said
  Cresswell J. in Freeman v. Tranah (12 C.B. 406). An unintentional mistake of
  the Court which may prejudice the cause of any party must and alone could
  be rectified. In Master Construction Co. (P) Ltd. v. State of Orissa, AIR
  (1966) SC 1047 it was observed that the arithmetical mistake is a mistake of
H calculation, a clerical mistake is a mistake in writing or typing whereas an error
                 U.P.S.R.T.C. v. IMTIAZHUSSAIN [PASAYAT,J.]                    731
arising out of or occurring from accidental slip or omission is an error due to       A
careless mistake on the part of the Court liable to be corrected. To illustrate
this point it was said that in a case where the order contains something which
is not mentioned in the decree, it would be a case of unintentional omission
or mistake as the mistake or omission is attributable to the Court which may
say something or omit to say something which it did not intend to say or omit.        B
No new arguments or re-arguments on merits can be entertained to facilitate
such rectification of mistakes. The provision cannot be invoked to modify,
alter or add to the terms of the original order or decree so as to, in effect, pass
an effective judicial order after the judgment in the case.

       Themax:in of~1 nane]y,actus curiae neminem gravabit an act of C
court shall prejudice no man, shall be applicable. This maxim is founded upon
justice and good sense which serves a safe and certain guide for the
administration of law. The other maxim is, lex non cogit ad impossibilia the
law does not compel a man to do what he cannot possibly perfonn. The law
itself and its administration is understood to disclaim as it does in its general
aphorisms, all intention of compelling impossibilities, and the administration D
of law must adopt that general exception in the consideration of particular
cases. The applicability of the aforesaid maxims has been approved by this
Court in Raj Kumar Dey v. Tarapada Dey, [ 1987] 4 SCC 398, Gursharan Singh
v. New Delhi Municipal Committee, (1996] 2 SCC 459 and Mohammad Gazi
v. State of MP. and Ors., (2000] 4 SCC 342. The principles as applicable to E
Section 152 CPC are clearly applicable to Section 6(6) of the U.P. Act. In the
aforesaid background the Labour Court was not justified in modifying the
award as was origirtally made. The High Court also had not considered this
aspect and decided the writ petition filed by the present appellant on issues
other than this vital issue.
                                                                                      F
      Looked at from any angle the order of the labour court modifying the
award and the impugned judgment of the High Court are indefensible and are
set aside. The appeal is allowed. Costs made easy.

B.B.B.                                                           Appeal allowed.