M/S. NAHAR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES LTD. AND ORS.versusUNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

A      MIS. NAHAR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES LTD. AND ORS.
                              v.
                   UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

                             AUGUST I 0, 2004
B              [S.N. VARIAVA AND ARIJIT PASAYAT, JJ.]

         Central Excise Act, 1944-Section 3-Additional Duties of Excise
  (Textiles and Textile Articles) Act, 1978-Section 3-Cotton yarn manu-
  factured by 100% Export Oriented Undertaking from indigenous raw
C materials-Additional Excise Duty (AED) in addition to Basic Excise Duty
   (BED)-Levy of-Notification 55191-CE granting exemption to 100%
   EOUs from AED-By Notification 8197-CE, 100% EOUs exempted from
  paying duty in excess ofamount of BED paid by producer or manufacturer
   who is not 100% EDU-After amendment by Notification 1112000-CE,
D amount in excess ofexcise duty leviable under the Act 'or under any other
   law for the time being in force' exemption-Circular dated 19.10.2000
   clarifying that AED /eviable on excisable goods manufactured by 100%
   EOUs in addition to BED-High Court held that words 'or under any other
   law for the time being in force' took away exemption granted under
E Notification 55191-CE-Correctness of-Held: Notification 8197-CE and
   Notification 1112000 CE does not create a liability on 100% EOUs to pay
   A ED-Also effect ofNotification 55191-CE not diluted with regard to 100%
   EOUs-Thus, view expressed in the Circular and by High Court not
   sustainable-Hence, set aside.

F      Appellants-100% Export Oriented Undertaking (EOUs) are en-
  gaged in manufacturing of cotton yarn out of indigenous raw materials
  attracting Basic Excise Duty (BED) leviable under Section 3 of the
  Central Excise Act, 1944 and Additional Excise Duty (AED) leviable
  under Section 3 of the Additional Duties of Excise (Textiles and Textile
G Articles) Act, 1978. Notification No. 55/91-CE was issued and 100%
  EOUs manufacturing excisable goods were exempted from additional
  duty. Subsequently, under Notification No. 8/97-CE 100% EOUs were
  granted exemption from paying duty in excess of amount of BED paid
  by producer or manufacturer who is not 100% EOU. The said
H Notification was amended by Notification 1112000-CE and 100% EOU
                                      432
        NAHAR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES LTD. v. U.0.1.                433
is exempted from paying duty in excess of amount of BED plus the A
amount of AED plus any other duties of excise under any other law
for the time being in force, paid by the producer or manufacturer who
is not 100% EOU. Central Board of Excise and Customs then issued
a Circular dated 19.10.2000 clarifying that AED would also be leviable
on yarns manufactured by 100% EOU from indigenous raw materials B
and cleared into DTA in addition to BED. The Circular was challenged,
and the High Court dismissed the writ petitions holding that introduc-
tion of the words 'or any other law for the time being in force' took
away exemptions granted to the manufacturers like the appellants
under Notification No. 55/91-CE. Hence the present appeals.
                                                                          c
     Appellants contended that both the Board and High Court failed
to notice that the introduction of words 'or any other law for the time
being in force' did not in any way affect the exemption flowing from
Notification No. 55/91-CE.

     Allowing the appeals, the Court
                                                                          D
       HELD : I.I. A bare reading of Notification No. 8/97-CE dated
1.3.1997 and as amended by Notification 11/2000-CE dated 1.3.2000
shows that there was clear intention to rationalize the payment of duty
by 100% EOUs and others. What is clearly intended relates to the E
liability of the manufacturer who is 100% EOU to pay the amount
which amounts to aggregate of the duties of excise leviable under
Section 3 of the Act or under any other law for the time being in force
on the like goods produced or manufactured in India by those who are
not 100% EOU if sold India. The obvious object was to see that the F
manufacturer who is 100% EOU is not in more advantageous position
vis-ii-vis the others. [440-F-H]

     2. A perusal of the un-amended notification 8/97-CE and notifi-
cation after amendme!'t Notification No. 11/2000 CE shows that words
inserted by amendment, 'the aggregate or after words 'equal to' and G
words 'or under any other law for the time being in force' after
'Section 3 of Central Excise Act' in the original notification did not in
any way create a liability on the 100% EOUs to pay AED. Notification
No. 55/91-CE dated 25.7.1991 is in no way diluted so far as the
manufacturers like the appellants are concerned, notwithstanding H
    434                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A what has been provided in Notification No. 8/97-CE dated 1.3.1997 as
    amended by Notification No. 11/2000-CE dated 1.3.2000. The only
    change is that under Notification 8/97-CE dated 1.3.97 the 100% EOUs
    were exempt from duty in excess of amount of BED paid by the
    producer or manufacturer who is not 100% EOU, whilst after
B   amendment by Notification 11/2000-CE 100% EOUs are exempt from
    paying duty in excess of amount of BED plus the amount of AED plus
    any other duties of excise under any other law for the time being in
    force, paid by the producer or manufacturer who is not 100% EOU.
    Thus, the view e)l:pressed in the Circular dated 19.12.2000 and the view
    of High Court are indefensible and hence, set aside. [441-A-F)
c
        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 6324-
    6328 of 2002.

        From the Judgment and Order dated 13.7.2001 of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court in C.W.P. Nos. 842, 843, 845, 846 and 3033 of2001.
D
                                      WITH

         C.A. Nos. 6332, 6329, 6331, 6330/2002, 513-34, 5135-36, 5137-38/
    2004, 423-425, 6989, 8018, 9487/2003, 287/2004 and 9694 of 2003.

E        Balbir Singh, Vivek Kohli, Abhishek Jain, Mrs. Revathy Raghavan,
    Rajesh Kumar, Nand Kishore, Sidhartha Sen, Pawan Kumar, R. Santhanam,
    Rajendra Singhvi, Ashok Kumar Singh, M.H. Patel, Shri Narain, Sandeep
    Narain, Ms. Anjali Jha, Ms. Meenakshi Arora, R.K. Handoo, K.V. Mohan
    and AK. Yadav for the Appellants.

F        Anup Chaudhary, Rohit Singh, Shailendra Sharma, Hemant Sharma,
    Savjiv Sen, P. Parmeswaran and B.K. Prasad for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

         ARIJIT PASA YAT, J. : Leave granted in SLP© Nos. 24882-24883/
G   2002, 24884-24885/2002 and 1223-1224/2003.

         All these appeals involve identical issues and are, therefore, disposed
    of by this judgment which will cover each of the appeals.
                                                                                   -·.
         Appellant in each cash questions correctness of the view expressed
H   by Central Board of Excise and Customs, New Delhi (hereinafter referred
    NAHAR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES LTD. v. U.0.1. [PASA YAT, J.] 435

to as the 'Board') in Circular dated 19.10.2000 purporting to clarify that A
Additional Excise Duty (in short 'AED') under the Additional Duties of
Excise (Textiles and Textile Articles) Act, 1978 (in short the 'Additional
Excise Act') would also be leviable on yams manufactured by 100%
Export Oriented Undertakings (in short 'EOU') from indigenous raw
materials and cleared into Domestic Tariff Area (in short 'DTA'), in B
addition to the Basic Excise Duty (in short the 'BED') payable under the
Central Excise Act, 1944 (in short the 'Act'). Appellants also questioned
legality of the Notifications issued by the Central Excise authorities for
payment of AED on yarn cleamed in DTA.

      The appellants are registered as 100% EOUs engaged in the manu- C
facture of cotton yam out of indigenous raw materials attracting BED
leviable under Section 3 of the Act and AED leviable under Section 3 of
the Additional Excise Act. On the basis of exemptions granted by the
Central Government from time to time under Section 5A(l) of the Act,
Notification No. 55/91-CE, dated 25.7.1991 was made applicable to their D
cases for the purpose of exemption. Subsequently, Notification No. 8/97-
CF, dated I .3.1997 was issued where certain manufacturers like the present
appellants were only granted exemption in excess of the amount equal to
the duty of excise leviable under Section 3 of the Act cin like goods
produced or manufactured in India other than in 100% EOUs or a free trade E
zone if sold in India. Subsequently, the said Notification was amended by
Notifications Nos. 21/97-CE dated 11.4.1997, 7/98-CE dated 2.6.1998 and
11/2000-CE dated 1.3.2000. As a result of these amendments what came
to be exempted was the amount in excess of the duties of excise leviable
under the Act or under any other law for the time being in force.
                                                                          F
      The question that arises in these appeals is whether by addition of the
words "or under any other law for the time being in force" producers or
manufacturers other than 100% EOUs incur a liability to pay. AED. The
Board issued a Circular dated 19.10.2000 clarifying that it is so payable
and Notification No. 55/91-CE is no longer of any assistance to the G
manufacturers like the appellants. The view expressed in this circular was
challenged in several Civil Writ petitions before the Punjab and Haryana
High Court. By the impugned judgment the High Court dismissed the writ
petitions holding that introduction of the words "or any other law for the
time being in force" took away exemptions granted to the manufacturers H
    436                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A like the appellants under Notification No. 55/91-CE. All the writ petitions
    were disposed of by a common judgment which forms the subject matter
    of challenge in these appeals.

        Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that both the Board and
B the High Court failed to notice that the introduction of the words "or any
  other law for the time being in force" did not in any way affect the
  exemption flowing from Notification No. 55/91-CE. What the appellants
  were required to pay was the basic excise duty and AED as their counter
  parts who were not 100% EOUs were required to pay. That had nothing
C to do for creating a liability of AED so for as the appellants are concerned.
         In response, learned counsel for the Union of India submitted that the
    view expressed in the Circular and endorsed by the High Court does not
    suffer frorr: any infirmity. The basic intention which is clear from a bare
    reading of a Notification No. 8/97-CE as amended by Notification No. 11/
D   2000-CE dated 1.3.2000 is that a manufacturer who is 100% EOU is not
    in more advantageous position vis-a-vis the others.

          The relevant Notifications and the Circular read as follows :


E                 "Notification No. 55191-CE dated 25.7.1991- Exemption
             from additional duty to all excisable goods produced or manufac-
             tured in a 100% Export Oriented Undertaking-In exercise of H.e
             powers conferred by sub-section (I) of Section 5A of the Central
             Excises and Salt Act, 1944 (I of 1944), read with sub-section (3)
             of Section 3 of the Additional Duties of Excise (Textiles and
F            Textile Articles) Act, 1978 (40of1978), the Central Government
             being satisfied that it is necessary in the public interest so to do,
             hereby exempts all excisable goods produced or manufactured in
             a hundred per cent Export Oriented Undertaking from the whole
             of the duty of excise leviable under the second mentioned Act.
G
                  Notification No. 8197 dated 1.3.1997 (before amendment) -
             Effective rate of duty on certain goods produced in FTZ or EOU:

             In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (I) of Section
H            SA of the Central Excise Act, 1944 (I of 1944 ), the Central
    NAHAR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES LTD. v. U.0.1. [PASA YAT, J.] 437

        Government, being satisfied that it is necessary in the public A
        interest so to do, hereby exempts the finished products, rejects and
        waste or scrap specified in the Schedule to the Central Excise
        Tariff Act, 1985 (5 of 1986) and produced or manufactured, in
        a hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking or a free trade
        zone wholly from the raw materials produced or manufactured in B
        India, and allowed to be sold in India under and in accordance
        with the provisions of sub-paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (f) of
        paragraph 9.9 or of paragraph 9.20 of the Export and Import
        Policy, !st April 1997 -31st March, 2002, from so much of the
        duty of excise leviable thereon under Section 3 of the Central C
        Excise Act, 1944 (I of 1944), as is in excess of an amount equal
        to the duty of excise leviable under the said section 3 of the
        Central Excise Act, on like goods, produced or manufactured in
        India other than in a hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking
        or a free trade zone, if sold in India.
                                                                            D
             Provided that nothing contained in this Notification shall
        apply where such finished products, if manufactured and cleared
        by a unit other than a hundred per cent export-oriented undertak-
        ing or a unit in a free trade zone, are wholly exempt from the
        duties of excise or are chargeable to Nit rate of duty.             E

        Notification 8197-CE after amendment vide Notification No. ill
        2000 dated 1.3.2000:

        Effective rate of duty on certain goods produced in FTZ or EOU F
        - In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (I) of Section
        5A of the Central Excise Act, 1944 (I of 1944), the Central
        Government, bei'ng satisfied that it is necessary in the public
        interest so to do, hereby exempts the finished products, rejects and
        waste or scrap specified in the Schedule of the Central Excise
        Tariff Act, 1985 (5 of 1986) and produced or manufactured, in G
        a hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking or a free trade



-
        zone wholly from the raw materials produced or manufactured in
        India, and allowed to be sold in India under and in accordance
        with the provisions of sub-paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d) and (f) of
        paragraph 9 .9 or of paragraphs 9 .20 of the Export and Import H
    438             SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A         Policy, !st April, 1997 - 31st March, 2002, from so much of the
          duty of excise leviable thereon under section 3 of the Central
          Excise Act, 1944 (I of 1944) as is in excess of an amount equal
          to the aggregate of the duties of excise leviable under the said
          section 3 of the Central Excise Act or under any other law for the
          time being in force on like goods, produced or manufactured in
B
          India other than in a hundred per cent export-oriented undertaking
          or a free trade zone, if sold in India.

               Provided that nothing contained in this notification shall
          apply where such finished products, if manufactured and cleared
c         by a unit other than a hundred per cent export-oriented undertak-
          ing or a unit in a free trade zone, are wholly exempt from the
          duties of excise or are chargeable to Nil rate of duty.

          Circular : 55415012000-CX dated 19.10.2000
D
          F. No. 26813712000-CX 8

          Yam-Leviability of Additional Duty of Excise in respect of OTA
          clearances of yarns made by I 00% EOUs.
E
               Government of India
               Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue)
               Central Board of Excise & Customs, New Delhi

          Subject :- Leviability of Additional Excise Duty (Textile and
F         Textile Articles) Act, 1970 in respect of OTA clearances of yarns
          made by I 00% EOUs - Reg.

          I.    I am directed to state that representations have been received
               in the Board seeking clarifications as to whether Additional
G              Excise Duty under Textile and Textile Articles Act, 1978
               hereinafter referred to as AED (T&TA) is leviable or not on




H
               cotton/man made yarns manufactured and cleared into OTA
               by a I 00% EOU using indigenous raw materials. It has been
               represented that some field formations are demanding addi-
               tional duty under the above mentioned Act on goods manu-
                                                                                 -
    NAHAR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES LTD. v. U.0.1. [PASAYAT, J.] 439

                 factured and cleared into DT A though there is specific A
                 exemption for such goods vide Notification No. 55/91-CE,
                 dated 25.7.1991 and hence no Additional Duty will be
                 attracted.

            2.   The matter has been examined. It is observed that as per
                                                                                 B
                 proviso to Section 3(1) of the Central Excise Act, 1944
                 goods produced in a 100% EOU and allowed to be sold in
                 India are liable to excise duty which is equal to the aggregate
                 of duties of customs leviable on like goods when imported
                 into India. On import of textile yarns, apart from Basic
                 Customs duty, goods will also be subject to Additional Duty   c
                 of Customs (countervailing duty) which will be equivalent
                 to total duties leviable as duty of excise on like goods
                 produced in the country. (This CV duty will thus include
                 basic Central Excise Duty under Central Excise Act plus
                 Additional Duty of Excise under T & TA Act).                    D

            3.   Notification No. 8/97-CE dated 1.3.1997, as amended by
                 Notification No. I 1/2000-CE dated 1.3.2000 provides that
                 the excise duty payable by a 100% EOU under Central
                 Excise Act in respect of the finished goods manufactured E
                 exclusively from indigenous raw material and cleared into
                 DTA would be restricted to the "aggregate of the duties of
                 excise leviable under the said Section 3 of the Central Excise
                 Act or under any other law for the time being in force, on
                 like goods produced or manufactured in India other than in
                 a hundred per cent export oriented undertaking or a free
                                                                                F
                 trade zone". In other words, such yams produced and cleared
                 from 100% EOUs to DTA are required to suffer under
                 Central Excise Act itself, by virtue of this exemption, duty
       ./        which is equal to Basic Excise Duty on y~rn- pJ~,;; AED
                 (T & TA) leviable on yarn produced.                            G

            4.   Since over and above the duty leviable under Central Excise


-                Act, goods produced in a 100% EOU and cleared into DTA,
                 would also be leviable to Additional Excise Duty under
                 Textile & Textile Articles Act, Notification No. 55/91-CE H
    440                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
A                 dated 25.7.1991 was issued which exempted all excisable
                  goods produced or manufactured in a 100% EOU from the
                  whole of duty of excise leviable thereon under AED (T &
                  TA). Thus, effect of Notification No. 8/97-CE as amended
                  and 55/91-CE is to restrict the yarn stage duty to Basic Duty
B                 under Central Excise Act plus AEI) leviable under Textiles
                  and Textile Articles Act.

             5.    The amendment to the Notification No. 8/97-CE dated
                  1.3.1997, as mentioned in Para 2 above, wherein "or under

c                 any other law for the time being in force" has been inserted,
                  is significant and brings parity in the excise duties payable
                  by a I 00% EOU on yarns produced exclusively from
                  indigenous materials on their domestic clearances and a
                  domestic manufacturer manufacturing similar goods from
                  indigenous materials.
D
             6.   Thus, it is clarified that w.e.f. 1.3.2000, AED (T & TA)
                  would also be leviable on yarns manufactured by a 100%
                  EOU from indigenous raw materials and cleared into DTA,
                  in addition to the Basic duties under Central Excise Act.
E                 Wherever, such AED (T & TA) are not being collected,
                  suitable steps for recovery may be taken expeditiously."

          Contrary to what has been contended by the Union of India, a bare
    reading of the Notification No. 8/97-CE dated 1.3.1997 and as amended
F   by Notification 1112000-CE dated 1.3.2000 shows that there was clear
    intention to rationalize the payment of duty by l 00% EOUs and others.
    What is clearly intended relates to the liability of the manufacturer who
    is 100% EOU to pay the amount which amounts to aggregate of the duties
    of excise leviable under Section 3 of the Act or under any other law for
G   the time being in force. That clearly indicates that whatever duty of excise
    was leviable under the Act and any other statute for the time being in force
    on the like goods produced or manufactured in India by the producer or
    manufacturer who is not I 00% EOU if sold in India. The obvious object
    was to see that the manufacturer who is 100% EOU does not steal a march
H   over his counter part selling like goods in India. The earlier benefit given
    to the EOUs was for any duty payable under Section 3 of the Act which
   NAHAR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES LTD. v. U.0.1. (PASAYAT, J.] 441

is in excess or the duties paid by its counterparts.                         A
      A perusal of the un-amended notification 8/97-CE and notification
after amendment vide Notification No. 11/2000-CE shows that only the
following words were inserted by way of amendment :
                                                                             B
      (i) introduction of the words "the aggregate of' after words "equal
to" in the original notification.

     (ii) introduction of the following words after "Section 3 of the Central
Excise Act" in the original notification i.e. "or under any other law for the C
time being in force."

      That does not in any way create a liability on the 100% EOUs to pay
AED. Notification No. 55191-CE dated 25.7.1991 is in no way diluted so
far as the manufacturers like the appellants are concerned, notwithstanding
what has been provided in Notification No. 8197-CE dated 1.3.1997 as D
amended by Notification No. 11/2000-CE dated 1.3.2000. As stated above,
the only change is that under Notification 8/97-CE dated 1.3.97 the I 00%
EOUs were exempt from paying duty in excess of amount of BED paid
by the producer or manufacturer who is not I 00% EOU, whilst after
amendment by Notification 11/2000-CE dated 1.3.2000 the 100% EOU is E
exempt from paying duty in excess of amount of BED plus the amount of
AED plus any other duties of excise under any other law for the time being
in force, paid by the producer or manufacturer who is not 100% EOU.
Thus, the view expressed in the Circular dated 19.12.2000 and view of the
High Court are indefensible. T)le Circular afore-noted is, therefore, quashed. F

       The High Court's judgment impugned in these appeals is set aside.

      The appeals are allowed to the extent indicated with no order as to
costs.

N.J.                                                      Appeals allowed.