KURUPPUSAMY AND ANR.versusSTATE OF TAMIL NADU

                                                                                  A
                       KURUPPUSAMY AND ANR.
                                     . l~

                         STATE OF TAMIL NADU

                           SEPTEMBER 29, 2006
                                                                                  B
              [S.B. SINHA AND DAL VEER BHANDARI, JJ.]


       Penal Code, 1860:

         s.304(Part II) rlw s.34-Property dispute-Quarrel over-Person having
                                                                                  c
  no concern with property but siding with complainant assaulted-Victim
. died the following day-Trial court acquitting one accused, convicting
  another uls 324 and convicting tWo others uls 302134-High Court affirming
  their conviction-Plea of selfdefence not considered at all-Held, trial court
. had discarded prosecution case that accused had an intention to kill the        D
  deceased-Though blow given to victim was on a vital part, but it must also
  be borne in mind that when a person loses his se."'•~. he may act violently--
  That by itself may not be a ground to reject plea , "·-zlfdefence-The same
  should have been considered on its own merit-u... facts, appellants are
  guilty of ~iffence u!s 304 (part !!)-Conviction altered accordingly-Criminal    E
  Law-Plea of self-defence-Consideration of

        Four persons including the two appellants were prosecuted for offences
 under sections 302/34 and 324/34 IPC. The prosecution case was that there
arose a property dispute amongst the members of a joint family, namely, PW-
 1 on the one side and A-1 to A-3 on the other. PW-1, A-2 and A-3 are brothers. F
A-1 is their father and PW~2 their sister. The deceased was the husband of
PW-2. On 5. 7.1994, on the .application of PW-1, the Village Administrative
Officer (PW-9) 3nd the Surveyor (PW-10) went in the village to measure the
property. There PW-2 and her husband were also present They were said to
have taken the side of PW-1. The matter could not be settled and the parties
were asked to meet PW-9 in his office. After returning from the office of G
PW-9, PW-1, PW-2 and her husband went to the bus stop from where the
couple was to take a bus. Later, A-1 to A-4 reached there variously armed. A
quarrel took place and A-3 hit the husband of PW-2 on his head with a firewood
log. A-2 also hit him on the face with firewood log. The victim fell down. When
                                     785                                          H
     786                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [20061 SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A PW-I intervened, he was also assaulted. A-4, the wife of A-3 assaulted PW-
  2 on her leg. A-I assaulted his daughter PW-2 with fists. PW-3, an employee
  of PW-I was also present there and he also witnessed the occurrence. The
  victim, the husband of PW-2, was taken to the hospital where he succumbed
  to his injuries the following day. Before the trial court A-2 stated that he
  acted in self-defence as the deceased tried to stab him; that he went to the
B Police Station to lodge the report but he was detained there; thereafter he
  sent a written report to the Superintendent of Police on 8.7.1994 and also
  sent its copy to the Inspector of the Police Station. The trial court convicted
  A-2 and A-3 u/s 302/34 IPC and sentenced them to imprisonment for life. A-
  4 was convicted u/s 324 IPC. A-I was acquitted. On appeal, the High Court
C confirmed the conviction and sentence of A-2 and A-3. Sentence of A-4 u/s
  324 IPC was reduced to the period already undergone.

         In the present appeal filed by A-2 and A-3, it was contended that the
  trial Court as also the High Court did not consider their plea of self-defence
  in proper perspective and that PW-3 in his statement stated to have seen a
D knife at the place of occurrence, which has not been explained by the
  prosecution.

           Allowing the appeal in part, the Court

           HELD: I. The fact that the death of the deceased was caused due to
E assault upon him by appellants is not in dispute. What is, however, of some
    significance is that the trial judge acquitted accused no. I and convicted
    accused no. 4 only under section 324 of the Indian Penal Code. He, thus, had
    discarded the case of the prosecution that the appellants had come in a group
    to the bus stop with an intention to kill the deceased. It is wholly unlikely
F   that A-2 wanted to murder the deceased owing to the property dispute. The
    deceased had nothing to do with that property, although he might have been
    siding with PW-I. (790-F-G; 791-A-BI

          2.1. A-2 was said to be present in the police station at the time when the
    complaint was lodged. Evidently he also came there to lodge a complaint.
G According to him, the Investigating Officer was harassing them and had not
    been investigating the case properly, as they had been picked up by the police,
    although they were not at fault. Further PW-3 accepted that a knife was seen
  . at the place of occurrence. It has not been explained by the prosecution as to
    who had held the knife. Admittedly, none of the accused was having any knife
    in their hands. j791-G-H; 792-AI
H
                 KURUPPUSAMY v. ST ATE OFT AMIL NADU                           787
         2.2. The accused had raised a plea of self-defence. The same should have     A
. been considered on its own merit. It could not have been rejected on the
  premise that Exhibit 0.1 (letter written by A-2 to the Superintendent of Police)
  had not been proved. The High Court did not believe the story on the premise
  that the letter dated 8.7.1994 was issued by way of after-thought. PW-15 the
  Investigating Officer, however, accepted that he had received the same. It was
  for him to show when he received it. There is no reason as to why the               B
  prosecution did not bring on record the material document in relation to the
  receipt of the said document. The date of the letter being 8. 7.1994 is not in
  dispute. It is one circumstance which was significant in determining the
  nature of the offence. The High Court could not have refused to consider the
  defence raised by the accused, particularly, when the theory that all the accused   C
  persons came at the bus stop with an intention to kill the deceased had not
  been accepted by the trial court.1791-B-D; 792-B-DI

        3. Keeping in view the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case, the
 appellants should not have been found guilty for commission of an offence
 under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. At the same time, it has been D
 proved that both the accused gave one blow each. The blow given by appellant
 no. 1 although was on a vital part, but it must also be borne in mind that when
 a p~rson loses his sense, he may act violently. That by itself may not be a
 ground to reject the plea of self-defence. In the circumstances, a holistic view
 of the matter is required to be taken. In the facts and circumstances of the E
 case, the appellants are guilty of commission of an offence under section 304
 (Part II) and not under section 302 IPC. The judgment of conviction is altered
 accordingly. They are sentenced to undergo 10 years rigorous imprisonment.
                                                                       1792-D-Fl

      Kai/ash v. State of MP.. Crl. Appeal No. 238 of2006 decided by Supreme p
 Court, referred to.

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 1018/
 2006.

       From the Final Judgment and Order dated 25.4.2005 of the High Court
 of Judicature at Madras in Criminal Appeal No. 41/1997.                   G
     R. Radhakrishnan, Anupam Mishra, Jenis and V.J. Francis for the
Appellants.

     R. Shunmugasundaram, V.G. Pragasam and S. Vallinayagam for the
Respondent.                         .                                                 H
     788                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

           S.B. SINHA. J. Leave granted.

        Appellants herein were accused Nos.2 and 3 before the learned Trial
  Judge. They, along with accused No.3, as also the wife of Appellant No.2
B (accused No.4) were tried jointly for alleged commission of murder of one
  Shanmugam under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code read with Section 34
  thereof. Accused No.I was acquitted of the said charge. Accused No.4 has
  been convicted only under Section 324 of the Indian Penal Code. Thus, only
  Accused Nos. 2 and 3 are before us.

C          The incident took place on 5.7.1994 at about 6.00 p.m.

         The parties were members of a joint family. A partition took place as
  regards their residential house. P.W.1-Chinnasamy was given a share of the
  building on the southern side, whereas accused No.2, Appellant No.I herein,
  was allotted share on the northern side. Appellant No. 2 was allotted a portion
D on the eastern side of the house. Allegedly, the portion allotted to P. W.I was
  larger in area compared to the portion given to Appellants. Accused No. I
  was allotted another ancestral house and some lands towards his share. The
  house allotted to Accused No. I was also adjacent to the property allotted
  to P.W.I and Appellant herein. P. W.I is said to have given a sum of Rs.10,000/
E - to his father as the portion of the house allotted to him was larger in size.
           Allegedly, despite registration of a Deed of Partition. P. W.I was not
    allowed to enjoy the portion of the property allotted to him. Appellants are
    said to have erected a wall and, thus, effectively prevented him from entering
    into the house through the main door. P.W.I fixed a new door and also
F   inducted tenant(s). Tenants were allegedly forced to vacate the house and
    had been threatened by the accused persons, in respect whereof a complaint
    was made. All the accused pursuant thereto were summoned by the police
    and were warned.

           P.W.2 and the deceased Shanmugam were on visiting terms with P.W.
G I. They, allegedly, were once assaulted by the accused.
        An application was filed by P.W.I for measurement of his property,
  wherefor he also paid requisite fees. A Village Admini~trative Officer (P. W.9)
                                                                                     .
  and the Surveyor (P.W.10) wer' appointed for the said purpose. They came
H to measure the property. P.W.2 and Shanmugam were present. Upon
          KURUPPUSAMY v: STATE OF TAMIL NADU [SINHA, J.]                   789
   measurement, they allegedly informed the parties that the portion allotted to A
   P. W.I runs upto the middle portion of the house and advised them to erect
   a wall, whereupon, allegedly; it was stated by the accused that they would
   not permit P. W.I to do so. They were asked to see the Village Administrative
  Officer by P.Ws. 9 and IO. Accordingly, the parties went to the office of P.W.9
  at 5 p.m. on 5.7.94. P.W. I, P:w. 2 and Shanmugam were coming back from
  office of P.W.9. They came to the bus stop as the deceased and P.W.2 wanted B
  to catch a bus for going to Velayuthampalayam. Accused allegedly came there
  variously armed. Appellant No.2, allegedly, asked the deceased as to why he
  had been giving trouble to them whereupon a quarrel ensued. Appellant No.2
  is said to have assaulted the deceased on his head with a firewood log,
  whereas Appellant No.I is said to have assaulted him on his right cheek with C
  a firewood log. P.W.I intervened. He was assaulted on his Ic;g and on the back
. of his chest. Accused No,4 allegedly assaulted P. W.2 on her leg. She also fetl
  down. Appellant No.I also, allegedly, assaulted his daughter with fists. Apart
  from the injured witnesses (P.Ws.I and 2 and P.W.3), an employee of a power
  loom factory belonging to the P. W.I, was also present there and witnessed
 the occurrence. The deceased was taken to the hospital by the P.Ws. I and D
  2. A complaint was made by P.W.I to the Head Constable of the police station,
  P.W.13, which was reduced to writing. Accused No.I, according to the
  prosecution witnesses, was also present in the police station .. Shanmugam
  was referred to Coimbator Medical College, where he died at about IOAO a.m.
 on 6.7.1994. In the meantime, the Inspector of Police, P.W.15 started E
 investigation. He, apart from examining P.Ws. I and 2, also examined
 Shanmugam, the deceased. Accused Nos. I, 2 <ind 3 were arrested on 8. 7.1994.
 Accused No.3 surrendered before the Court on the same day.

       The defence raised by Accused No. 4 was that as the deceased attempted
to stab him with a pichuva knife, he picked up a stick, which was lying nearby    F
and assaulted him. The deceased had, allegedly, boarded a bus and went to
the police station where he was detained. Appellant No. 2 herein, admittedly,
wrote a letter to the Superintendent of Police on 8. 7.1994, a copy whereof was
sent to the Inspector of the Police Station, P. W. 15. In his deposition, P. W.
15 admitted to have received the said letter.
                                                                                  G
       The accused persons admittedly were in custody from 8.7.1994 to
12.7.1995. The defence, however, was not accepted by the courts below, on
the premise that the same was by way of an.after-thought. In its judgment,
the High Court opined that the letter must have been dispatched on 11.7.1994,
after the arrest of Appellant No. I herein with a view to create a defence.       H
    790                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006J SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A         Mr. V.J. Francis, learned counsel appearing on behalf of Appellants
    would submit that although a plea of self-defence was raised on behalf of
    Appellants, the same was not considered in its proper perspective either by
    the learned Trial Judge or by the High Court. The learned counsel pointed
    out that P. W.3 had admitted that a knife was found at the spot. Our attention
    was further drawn to the fact that even the learned Trial Judge in his judgment
B   noticed:

           '' .... The J3•h Witness Thiru Manikam, Head Constable has denied the
           suggestion made by the learned counsel for the accused that the 2•d
           accused Kuruppusamy has come to the Police Station before
           Chinnasamy came to lodge his complaint. But the I" witness
c          Chinnasamy has admitted in his cross examination that he has seen
           the 2•d accused Karuppusamy in the Police Station. It creates a cloud
           of doubts with regard to the confession and recovery of material
           objects by the 2nd accused. Anyhow, the 14'h witness who is the YAO
           has categorically deposed about the confession as well as the recovery
D          of the material objects from the I", 2"d and 4'h accused. Further the
           evidence of I", 2nd and 3'd witnesses categorically prove beyond
           reasonable doubt and that the 3'd accused Mottaippan has attacked
           Shanmugam on his head with the help of wooden stick which is
           marked as M.0.1 and the 2nd accused Kuruppusamy has attacked
           Shanmugam on the face and other parts with the help of wooden stick
E          which is marked as M.0.2 and thereby caused the death of Shanmugam,
           and that 4 I accused Banumathi has attacked znd witness Lakshmi with
           the help of wooden stick which is marked as M.0.3 and caused
           injuries viz. I) a contusion on her right hand ankle, 2) a contusion on
           her right leg knee and 3) contusion measuring 3 cm x 7 cm on the left
F          side of her hip and that he has given a wound certificate which is
           marked as Ex.P.18."

          The fact that the death of the deceased was caused due to assault upon
    him by Appellants herein is not in dispute. What is, however, is of some
    significance is that the learned Trial judge acquitted Accused No.I and
G   convicted Accused No.4 only under Section 324 of the Indian Penal Code.
    He, thus, had discarded the case of the prosecution that Appellants had come
    in a group to the bus stop with an intention to kill the deceased.                -
          The parties had gone to the Village Administrative Officer. The deceased
    and his wife, P.W.2, accompanied the parties. Their close relation with P.W.I
H
         KURUPPUSAMY v. STATE OF TAMIL NADU [SINHA, J.)                    791

has been noticed by us. It is, thus, not very unlikely that the parties had       A
picked up. a quarrel at the bus stop as they might not have agreed to the
suggestion of P. W. 9.

      It is wholly unlikely that the Accused No.I wanted to murder the deceased
owing to the property disJ~te. The deceased had nothing to do with the
property in dispute, although that he might have been siding with P.W.I. The B
High Court did not believe the story on the premise that the letter of Appellant
dated 8.7.1994 was issued by way of after-thought. P.W.15, however, accepted
that he had received the same. It was for him to show when he received it.
We fail to see any reason as to why the prosecution did not bring on record
the material document in relation to the receipt of the said document. The date C
of the letter being 8.7.1994 is not in dispute. P.W.15 in his deposition stated:

        "The third accused had sent to me a copy of the complaint dated
        8.7.94 addressed to the Superintendent of Police (Rural) and that is
        marked as Ex.DJ. and the post acknowledgement card is Ex.D.2.;"

      It is one circumstance which, in our opinion, was significant in D
determining the nature of the. offence.

     P.W.3, who is stated to be an. independent witness, in his cross-
examination did not support the pros~cution case. He stated :

       " .... ! know the warp stick in the loom; that the 2•d accused also beat   E
       the injured person; at the place of attack there. was a stick and
       bichuva knife; that stick was not that of a warp stick."

     The fact that a knife was found at the spot, therefore, was accepted. It
was not the prosecution case that any of the accused was carrying any knife.      F
       He denied the suggestion that after the occurrence Appellant No.I went
away by a bus. He furthermore accepted that the parties quarreled with each
other. After the assault, allegedly, a lady shopkeeper and some others interfered
and separated the parties. He was not in a position to say who had assaulted
the lady. He also left the place. He did not notice whether the brother (viz. G
R W. I) came along with the wife of the deceased:

      Appellant No.I was in the police station at the time when the complaint
was lodged. Evidently he also came there to lodge a complaint. According to
him, the Investigating Officer was harassing them and had not been
investigating the case properly, as they had been picked up by the police, H
    792                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2006] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A although they were not at fault.
          We have noticed hereinbefore that P.W.3 accepted that a knife was seen
    at the place of occurrence. Who had held the knife has not been explained
    by the prosecution. Admittedly, none of the accused was having any knife
    in their hands. They were, allegedly, armed with sticks.
B
          Whether they had assaulted the deceased or not is one thing, but, the
    question as to whether they had intention to kill him is another. They had
    raised a plea of self-defence. The same should have been considered on its
    own merit. It could not have been rejected on the premise that Exhibit D.I had
    not been proved. The receipt of Exhibit D.I is not in dispute. The fact that
C   it was sent by post is also not in dispute. It was received by the Investigating
    Officer. It was for the Investigating Officer to show as to when it had been
    dispatched. In our opinion, the High Court could not have refused to consider
    the defence raised by the accused, particularly, when the theory that all the
    accused persons came at the bus stop with an intention to kill the deceased
D   had not been accepted by the trial court.

          Keeping in view the peculiar facts and circumstances of this case, we
    are of the opinion that Appellants should not have been found guilty for
    commission of an offence under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. We
    are not oblivious of the fact that both the accused gave one blow each. The
E   blow given by Appellant No.I although was on a vital part, but it must also
    be borne in mind that when a person looses his sense, he may act violently.
    That by itself may not be a ground to reject the plea of self-defence. Recently
    in Kai/ash v. State of MP. in Criminal Appeal No. 238 of 2006, disposed of
    by this Court on this date, it was opined that a holistic view of the matter
F   is required to be taken.

          We, therefore, are of the opinion that Appellants are guilty of commission
    of an offence under Section 304 Part II and not under Section 302 of the
    Indian Penal Code. The judgment of conviction is altered accordingly. They
    are sentenced to undergo I0 years Rigorous Imprisonment.
G         The appeal is allowed to the extent mentioned hereinabove.

    RP.                                                    Appeal partly allowed.