KADIYALA RAMA RAOversusGUTALA KAHNA RAO (DEAD) BY LRS. AND ORS.

                         KADIYALA RAMA RAO                                          A
                                       v.
        GUTALA KAHNA RAO (DEAD) BY LRS. AND ORS.

                            FEBRUARY 18, 2000

             [S.R MAJMUDAR AND V.C. BANERJEE, JJ.J                                  B

      Civil Procedure Code, 1908 :

      Order 21:

        Issue of "saleable interest't..._Auction purchaser of a house sold in       C
execution of a decree-Application under Rule 90 filed by judgment-debtor
for setting aside sale of the property on the ground that they had 110 saleable
interest-Application dismissed by District Munsif on the ground that there
was no saleable interest as a running lease of the property had a stipulation
that it would not be alienated for 15 years-Held, High Court e"ed in allowing       D
revision petition and setting aside the auction sale-lssue of "saleable interest"
can only be raised under Rule 91-ln any event the issue of "salable interest"
can only be agitated by the purchaser and not by the judgment-debtor.

      Application under order 21 Rule 90 for setting aside sale of property in
execution of decree--f'emtitted grounds available for challenge of such ap-         E
plication-Held, ground of challenge are stipulated in the provision itself, and
these grounds are material in-egularity and fraud.

       Order 21 Rule 90(3) and Section II-Held, Rule 90(3) incorporates
principles analogous to doctline of constructive res judicata as envisaged
under Section 11.                                                                   F

      Order 21 Rule 90 (as amended by Andhra Pradesh & Madras)-Fur-
nishing of security by applicant-District Munsif had offered the judgment-
debtor to deposit money in order to avoid sale-Held, there was due
compliance of the provisions of law.                                                G
      Section 115--Revision applicatio,_Scope of-Legislative change intro-
duced-Held, is clear enough to indicate that an order passed by court
subordinate to the High Court in its appellate jurisdiction, if it is not appeal-
able, would be within the ambit of Section 115-Thus a revisional application
would be maintainable-Further, a revision application against an order              H
                                      1045
    1046                  SUPREME COURT REPOR rs                 [2000] 1 S.C.R.
A which is not appealable either before the subordinate court or the High Court
    would also be maintainable.

         Interpretation of Statutes-Dete1mination of legislative intent-Section
   II and Order 21 Rule 90(3) CPC-Held, in both provisions the legislative
  intent is clear and categoncal that in case of intentional relinqufrhment of a
B kllown right, there would be no question of proceeding further.

        Appellant purchased a house in an auction purchase pursuant to a
  court sale in execution of a decree. Respondent filed an application under
  Order 21 Rule 90 before the District Munsif to set aside the auction sale
C but the same was rejected and the sale was confirmed. Subsequently on an
  application filed under Section 115 CPC before the High Court, respon·
  dents obtained an interim stay of the proceedings upon deposit of half of
  the decreetal amount. Later on High Court directed the respondents to
  deposit the remaining half of the decreetal amount. Respondents duly
D complied with the deposit of the sale proceeds. Revision petition was
  allowed by the High Court and Review petition against it was dismissed.
  Hence this appeal.

         It was contended by the appellant the revision petition was not
    maintainable and that the High Court should have rejected the same.
E
           Allowing the appeal, this Court

         HELD : 1.1. On a plain reading of Order 21 Rule 90 CPC factors
  emerge and which ought to be taken note of in the matter of setting aside
F the sale of an immovable property, viz. material irregularity and fraud in
  publishing or conducting the sale, that the court dealing viith such an
  application is satisfied that the applicant has sustained substantial injury
  by reason of such an irregularity or fraud; and that no application would
  be entertained upon a ground which the applicant could have taken or
  before the date of drawing up of the proclamation of sale. The third
G requirement deserves special mention by reason of the factum of incor-
  poration of the principles analogous to the doctrine of constructive res
  judicata as envisaged under Section 11 CPC. The legislative intent is clear
  and categorical in both the provisions; that in the event of an intentional
   relinquishment of a known right, question of proceeding further would not
H arise. (1049-H; 1050-A-D]
                        K. RA'vlA RAO v. G.K RAO                           1047

      Dhirendra Nath Gorai & Ors. v. Sudhir Chandra Ghosh & Ors., AIR A
(1964) SC 1300, relied on.

       12. The provisions of Order 21 Rule 90 thus categorically envisage
that material irregularity and fraud alone would confer jurisdiction on the
executing court to set aside the sale. The question of saleable interest does
not within the ambit of Order 21 Rule 90 and as such the judgment-debtor           B
has not locus standi to apply for setting aside the sale. In the present factual
context, statute recognises such a locus standi only in the event of material
irregularity or fraud and not otherwise. Apart therefrom, saleable interest
can only be challenged by the purchase and not by the judgment-debtor
since the purchaser's right would otherwise be clouded therewith by reason
of there being no saleable interest in the property so far as the judgment-
                                                                                   c
debtor is concerned. Order 21 Rule 91 is specific on this score and a right
has been conferred on the purchaser only. (1050-F; 1051-B]

      2. The revision petition was allowed along after the completion of sale
the factum of which has been totally ignored. The High Court erroneously           D
proceeded on a certain misconception of facts as also of law by reason of
the factum of challenge of sale being on the ground of saleability. Order 21
Rule 90 does not envisage the issue of saleability and the High Court was
in error in introducing such a concept under Order 21 Rule 90 CPC. In any
event the issue of 'saleable interest" can only be agitated by the purchaser
                                                                                   E
in terms of Order 21 Rule 90 and not in any event by the judgment-debtor.
The ground of challenge is specific in the provision itself, namely, material
irregularity or fraud and in the absence of any evidence or even an allega·
tion in regard thereto in the petition under Order 21 Rule 90, question of
introduction of the concept of no saleable interest or other opportunity to
the judgment-debtor does not and cannot arise. (1052-C-F]                          F

       3. Under the Andhra Pradesh and ~ladras amendment to Order 21
Rule 90 CPC, District Munsif has offered an opportunity tu the judgment·
debtor to avoid the sale by deposit uf muney; as such there is due compliance
of the requirement oflaw under the said amendment. (1051-F; 1052-B]
                                                                                   G
      4. The legislative change introduced in Section 115 CPC is clear
enough to indicate that an order passed by court subordinate tu the High
Court in its appellate jurisdiction, if it is not appealable, would be within
the ambit of Section 115 of the Cude and thus a revision application would
be maintainable. A revision application against an order which b not H
    1048                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2(){){)] 1 S.C.R.
A appealable either before the subordinate court or the High Court would
    also be maintainable. (1052-H]

            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2269 of
    1981.

B        From the Judgment and Order dated 24.4.80 of the Andhra Pradesh
    High Court in C.R.P. No. 6405 of 1978.

          T.S. Krishna Murthy Iyer, M.S. Ganesh, M. Seshachari, G.S.
    Ramarao, P.K. Rao, K.R. Nagaraja, Aloke Bhattacharya, T.V.S.N. Chari,
    Nikhil Nayyer, Ms. B. Sunita Rao, Ms. Rajani K. Prasad and C.V. Subba
C   Rao for the appearing parties.

            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          BANERJEE, J. This appeal pertains to the question of validity of a
D   court sale in regard to an immovabk property.

          The facts in the appeal may bridly be adverted in order to appreciate
    the issue involved dfectively.

          The petitioner is a stranger auction purchaser of a house property
E   sold in court auction on 31st July, 1978 in pursuance of a mortgage decree
    dated 4.6.1975 passed in C.S. No. 1245 of 1973 in the file of the court of
    District Munsif, Rajamundhry, Andhra Pradesh. The court sale of the
    house property was effected upon payment of 25% of the sale price offered
    by the highest bidder. Subsequently, the sale was confirmed on 31st July,
    1978 upon payment of the full purchase price.
F
         On 26th August, 1978 the n:spondents herein filed an application to
  set aside the auction salt: dated 31st July, 1978. The learned District ~unsif
  Rajamundhry, however, by an order dated 31st August, 1978 rejected the
  said application and thereafter confirmed the sale and disposed of the
G Execution Pet!tion on the same day and a cheque for Rs. 4420 was issued
  in favour of the Advocate for the dtcree holder and then:upon the full
  satisfaction was duly recorded. It is significant to note that the appellant
  took delivery of the house property on 9th November, 1978.

            Subsequently, on an application filed under Section 115 of the Code
H of Civil Procedure before the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, the respon-
               K. RAMA RAO v. G.K. RAO IBANERJEE, J.j                   l049

dents herein obtained an interim stay of the proct:edings on 22.11.1978         A
upon deposit of half of tht: dt:cretal amount. On 4th April, 1980, tht: High
Court however further directed the rt:spondent to deposit the remaining
half of the decretal amount. The records dt:pict that the respondents duly
complied with the orders of deposit. The Revision Petition thereafter upon
hearing was allowed by the High Court and the appellant herein sub-
sequently filed a Review Petition which was however, dismissed by the
                                                                                B
order dated 22nd December, 1980 by the Learned Single Judge of the High
Court and hence the Appeal before this Court.

     To appreciate the contentions raised in the matter, it would however,
be convenient to note the provisions of Order 21 Rule 90 which reads as         c
below:

         "90 (S.311) (1)    Where any immovable property has been sold
         Application        in execution of a decree, the decree-hoider,
         to Set aside       or the purchaser, or any any other person
         sale      on       entitled to share in a rateable distribution of     D
         ground of          assets, or whose interests are affected by the
         irregularity       sale, may apply to the Court to set aside the
         or fraud.          sale on the ground of material irregularity or
                            fraud in publishing or conducting it.

        (2) No sale shall be set aside on the ground of irregularity or         E
            fraud in. publishing or conducting it unless, upon the facts
            proved, the Court is satisfied that the applicant has sustained
            substantial injury by reason of such irregularity or fraud.

        (3) No application to set aside a sale under this rule shall be         F
            entertained upon any ground which the applicant could have
            taken on or before the date on which the proclamation of sale
            was drawn up.

        Explanation : The mere absence of or ddect in, attachment of the
        property shall not, by itself, be a ground for setting aside a sale     G
        under this rule.

      On a plain reading of the provisions thus three several factors emergt:
and which ought to be taken note of in the matter of setting aside tht: salt:
of an immovable propcrty. viz.                                                  H
    1050                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (2000] 1 S.C.R.

A           (i)   material irregularity and fraud in publishing or conducting
                  the sale;

            (ii) the Court dealing with such an application is satisfied that
                  the applicant has sustaim:d substantial ii:jury by reason of
                  such an irregularity or fraud : and
B
            (iii) no application would be entertained upon a ground which the
                  applicant could have taken on or befon: the date of drawing
                  up of the proclamation of sale.

C         The third requirem..:nt as above needs however special mention by
    reason of the factum of incorporation of the principles analogous to the
    doctrine of constructive res judicata as envisaged under Section 11 of the
    Code. The legislative intent is clear and categorical in both the provisions
                                                                                   --
    as above that in the event of an intentionahelinquishment of a known right
    question of proceeding further would not arise.
D
          This observations finds favour m the decision of this Court in
    Dhirendra Nath Gorai & Ors. v. Sudhir Chandra Gosh & Ors., AIR (1964)
    SC 1300. It is significant to note, however, that at the time of auction the
    Judgment-Debtor No. 2 was present in Court and the Judg1m:nt-Debtor
E   No. 2 was also a signatory to the application under Order 21 Rule 90.

          The provisions of Order 21 Rule 90 thus categorically envisage that
  material irreguhtrity and fraud along would confer jurisdiction on to the
  Executing Court to set aside the same. Admittedly, the Revision Petition
  came up for hearing on 1 Lth April, 1980 and the sale stands confirmed on
F 31st July, 1978. Therefore, the impugned order in the Revision Petition ~
  f acie seems to have been passed under certain misconception of facts. The
   learned Judge in the order impugned has been pleased to record :
  "whatever it is, the sale is not yet confirmed" and it is on this score,
  strenuous submissions have been made by the parties that the factual basis
   of the judgment does not stand to the reality of the situation and as such
G the order needs to be corrected by this Court. Needless to record here that
   there is no evidence of fraud or material irregularity neither even an
   allegation in regard thereto. The only issue was of saleable interest for a
   period of 15 years since the deed of sale as executed by the Municipality
   of Rajamundhry in favour of the Judgment-Debtor, contained a condition
H that the property cannot be alienated by the Judgment-Debtor for a period
                K. RAMARAOv. G.K RAO [BANERJEE,J.j                        1051

of 15 years. It is to be noticed at this juncture that question of saleable       A
interest does not come within the ambit of Order 21 Rule 90 and as such
the Judgment-Debtor had no locus standi to apply to the Court for setting
aside the sale. In the present factual context, statute recognizes such a locus
standi only in the event of material irregularity or fraud and not otherwise.
Apart therefrom, saleabk: interest can only be challenged by the purchaser
and not by the Judgment-Debtor since the purchaser's right would other-
                                                                                  B
wise be clouded therewith by reason of there being no saleable inten:st in
the property so far as the Judgment-Debtor is concerned. Order 21 Rule
91 is specific on this score and a right has been conferred on to the
purchaser only.
                                                                                  c
    · Let us now at this juncture recount the order against which the
Revision Petition was moved before the High Court. The Order is st:! out
herein below :

         "Heard Mr. P.M. Gandhi, perused the petition. As stated by Mr.
         P.M. Gandhi, petitioners who have had sale notice did not raise D
         the present objection regarding the nature of property raise i.e.,
         that it is not saleable. However to give them an opportunity to
         avoid the sale by paying the E.P. amount their counsel if asked
         whether they are willing to pay the E.P. amount. He is not able to
         give any positive reply. Petition is prima facie devoid of bonafides E
         besides being belated. Hence rejected."

     At this juncture the Andhra Pradesh and Madras Amendment Order
21 Rule 90 are also to be noticed. The said amendment reads as below :

         "Provided that the Court may, after giving notice to the applicant,      F
         call upon him before admitting the application, either to furnish
         security to the satisfaction of the Court for an amount equal to
         that mentioned in the sale warrant or to that realized by the sale,
         whichever is less, or to deposit such amount in Court.

         Provided also that the security furnished or the deposit made as
                                                                                  G
         aforesaid shall be liable to be proceeded against only to the extent
         of the deficit on a re-sale of the property already brought to sale."

         ln the present proviso after the word 'Provided" insert the word
         'further".                                                       H
    1052                  SUPREME COURT RF.PORTS                  (2000] 1 S.C.R.
A        It is on this score that the Learned District Munsif has offered such
    an opportunity to avoid the sale by deposit of money, as such there is due
    compliance thereof the requirement of law in terms of the Andhra Pradesh
    Amendment to the provisions of the Code as noticed above.

B         The contextual facts depict that the Revision Petition was allowed on
    24.4.1980 that is long after the completion of sale and the factum of which
    has been totally ignored and the Learned Single Judge as a matter of fact
    has proceeded on a total misconception of facts. Be it noted that at no
    point of time any question was raised as regards the price and as such the
    attempt on the part of the respondent herein before this Court to denounce
C   the sale on the ground of inadequacy of price ought not to be permitted
    to be raised before this Court at this juncture. The Learned Single Judge
    erroneously proceeded on certain misconception of facts as also of law by
    reason of the factum of challenge of sale being on the ground of saleability.
    Order 21 Rule 90 does not envisage the issue of saleability and the Learned
D   Single Judge was in error in introducing such a concept under Order 21
    Rule 90 of the Code. In any event as noticed above the issue of 'saleable
    interest' can only be agitated by the purchaser in terms of Order 21 Rule
    90 and not in any event by the Judgment-Debtor. The grounds of challenge
    is specific in the provision itself namely, material irregularity or fraud and
    in the absence of any evidence or even an allegation in regard thereto in
E   the petition under Order 21 Rule 90, question of introduction of the
    concept of no saleable interest or another opportunity to the judgment-
    debtor does not and cannot arise.

           The learned Advocate in support of the appeal further contended
F that in any event the Revision Petition as framed is not maintainable and
  the High Court should have rejected the same. We are however unable to
  lend concurrence thert:with since the legislative change introduced in
  Section 115 is clear enough to indicate that an order passed by court
  subordinate to the High Court in its appellate jurisdiction, if it is not
  appealable, would he within the ambit of Section 115 of the Code and thus
G a revisional application would be maintainable. A revision application
  against an order which is not appealable either before the subordinate
  court or the High Court would also be maintainable.

         In that view of the mater, this Appeal succeeds. The order passed by
H   the Learned Single Judge as impugned in this Appeal stands set aside and
              K. RAMA RAO v. G.K. RAO [BANERJEE, J.]               1053

quashed and so is the order dated 22.12.80 in review petition. The order   A
of the Executing Court dated 31.8.78 thus stands confrrmed.

       In view of the fact of possession of the property being with the
purchaser, we are not inclined to pass any further order or issue any
directive in that regard. No order as to costs.
                                                                           B
R.K.S.                                                  Appeal allowed.