JAMEELA AND ORS.versusUNION OF INDIA

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       The victim was traveling on a valid ticket by train. He
       d6Wn' lr6l'rlltfV~ train and died. His wife and children ·
     fell 9
F filed a claim for compensation for the death of the victim
  under the Railways Act, 1989. The tribunal held that the
  death of the victim was due to an 'untoward incident' as
  defined under Section 123 of the Act and awarded the
  compensation of Rs.2,00,000 which was maximum
G compensation in a death case under the Railway
  Accident (Compensation) Rules, 1990. The High Court
  held that the incident occurred due to negligence of the
  victim and set aside the order of the tribunal. The instant
  appeal was filed by the claimants challenging the order
H of the High Court.
                                  524
     JAMEELA AND ORS. v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS.        525

 '       Allowing the appeal, the Court                     A
   · HELD: 1:1 • .The High Court erred in coming to the
conclusion that the victim-deceased 'died due to his own
negligence and thus.the claimants were not entitled to
any compensation un'der section .124-A of the· Railways 8
Act, 1989. The case. of the RaHway Administration that the
victim was stan'ding at ttie' open door of the train
compartment in a negligent manner from where he fell
down was entirely based 011 s'peculation. There was,
admittedly, no eye-witness of the fall of the deceased from
the train and, therefore, there was absolutely no evide'nce C
to supp'ort the case of the Railway that the accident took
place in the manner suggested by it. Moreover, even if it
were to be assumed that the deceased fell from the train
to his death due to his own negligence, it would not have
a·ny effect on the compensation payable under section D
124-A of the Act. [Para 5] [529-D-F] · ·        ··       ·
     '
  ·. 1.2. It was not denied by the Railway that the victim
fell down from the train and died while travelling on it on
a valid ticket. He was, therefore, clearly a "passenger" for E
the purpose of· section 124-A as clarified by the
Explanation. Under section 124-A, the.liability to pay
compensation is regardless of any wrongful act, neglect
or default on the part of the Ra!lway Administration. But
the Railway Administration would have no liability to pay F
any compensation in case the death of the passenger or
injury to him was caused due to any of the reasons
enumerated in clauses (a) to (e) of the proviso to Section
124-A, such as, suicide or a result of self-inflicted injury
or his own criminal act or any act committed by him in a G
state of intoxication ..or due to insanity or natural cause
or disease; In the instant case, it was not the case of
Railway that the victim died due to any of the reasons
enumerated in clauses {a) to (e). His falling down from the
train was, thus, clearly accidental. (Paras 7, 8] (531-D-G] H
    526      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [201·0] 10 S.C.R.

A      1.3. The manner in which the accident is sought to
  be reconstructed by the Railway that the deceased was
  standing at the open door of the train compartment from
  where he fell down, is called by the railway itself as
  negligence. Negligence of this kind 'which is not very
B uncommon on Indian trains is not the same thing as a
  criminal act mentioned in clause (c) to the proviso to
  section 124-A. A criminal act envisaged under clause (c)
  must have an element of malicious intent or mens rea.
  Standing at the open doors of the compartment of a
c running train may be a negligent act, even a rash act but,
  without anything else, it is certainly not a criminal act.
  Thus, the case of the railway must fail even after
  assuming everything in its favour. The judgment of the
  High Court is set aside and the judgment of the Tribunal
  is restored. Since a period of more than 10 years has
0
  already elapsed from the date of the judgment of the
  Tribunal, the compensation money along with interest
  need not be kept in fixed deposits, but should be paid to
  the appellants. [Paras 9, 1 OJ [531-G-H; 532-A-D]

E       CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
    1184 of 2003.

       From the Judgment & Order dated 06.11.2001 of the High
  Court of Judicature at Allahabad Lucknow Bench, Lucknow in
F F.A. F.O. No. 277 of 1999.

          Shakil Ahmed Syed for the Appellants.

         S. Wasim A. Qadri, Ashok Bhan, A.K. Sharma, Anil
    Katiyar, Subhash Kaushik for the Respondent.
G
          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

         AFTAB ALAM, J. 1. On June 23, 1997, the GRP found
    the dead body of a male person at Magarwara Railway Station.

H
   JAMEELA AND ORS. v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS.                   527
               [AFTAB ALAM, J.]
  From the pockets of the deceased, the police recovered a             A
 telephone number, a railway ticket bearing no.35810970,
.dated June 21, 1997 and a receipt showing payment of excess
. fare for travelli.ng in a sleeper coach. Information about the
  discovery of the dead body was given on the phone number
  and then it came to light that he was a certain M. Hafeez, the       B
  husband of appellant no.1 and the father of appellant nos.2-5.

      2. The appellants filed a claim case (QA 9700059) before
the Railway Claims Tribunal, Lucknow Bench, claiming a
compensation of Rs.11, 11,000.00 (rupees eleven lakhs and
eleven thousand only) under the Railways Act, 1989 (hereafter          C
"the Act") for the death of M. Hafeez. In the claim application, it
was stated that the deceased was travelling from Ahmadabad
to Lucknow by Awadh Express (Train No.5064) on a valid ticket
and he fell down from the train at or near Magarwara Railway
Station in an untoward incident resulting in his death. The            D
applicants' claim was contested by the General Manager,
Northern Railway. The reply filed on his behalf is not on record,
but from the Tribunal's order it appears that in the reply the death
of M. Hafeez and the validity of the ticket found in his pocket
were admitted. It was, however, stated that according to the           E
railway records, no accident of any kind took place between
Kanpur and Lucknow on June 23, 1997 and it appeared that
the deceased fell down from the running train due to his own
negligence. There was no negligence on the part of the railway.
Further, that the applicants had not filed any proof of the            F
accident.

     3. In view of the respective stands of the parties, the
Tribunal framed the issue, whether the applicants were able to
prove that the death of M. Hafeez was due to an "untoward              G
incident" as defined under section 123 of the Railways Act. On
a consideration of the materials brought before it, the Tribunal
found and held that the claimant had proved that the death of
M. Hafeez was due to an "untoward incident" as defined under
section 123 of the Act. The Tribunal, then, proceeded to
                                                                       H
                                                                           i •    I
                                                                                 ,I
     . 528     . SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [2010] 10 S.C.R              ·I
                                                                                  i

 A consider the amount of compensation to which the applicants
                                                                                 '·
   were entitled and found and held that under the Railway
   Accident (Compensation) Rules, 1990 (as it stood at the time
   of the accident), the maximum compensation in case of death
   was Rs.2,00,000.00 (rupees two lakhs only). The applicants
 B were, therefore, entitled to the aforesaid amount only and not
   anything in excess of it, as claimed by them. It, accordingly,
   passed
     .-.
            its .order.
                  '



      / .. 4. Against the judgment and order passed by the Tribunal,
      the Railways preferred an appeal (FAFO No.277 of 1999)
  C before the Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court. A
    · division bench of the High Court by judgment and order dated
      November 6, 2001 ·allowed the appeal and set aside the
      Tribunal's order. Before the High Court, reliance was placed                j

      on behalf of the Railway on the proviso to section 124A of the
· D · AC! which provides that no compensation will be payable under
      that section by the railway administration if the passenger died
      or suffered injury due to (a) suicide or attempted suicide by him,
      (b) self-inflicted injury or (c) his own criminal act. A reference
      wa{also made to section 154 of the Act which provides that if
                                                                                 l
                                    a
  E any person does any act in rash and negligent manner, or
      omits to do what he is legally bound to do, and the act or
      omission is likely to endanger the safety of any person travelling
      or being upon any railway, he. shall be punishable with
      imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with
  F fine, or with both .. It was further contended on behalf of the
      Railway that the deceased M. Hafeez who was travelling in a
      negligent manner was standing at the door from where he fell



                                                                                  l
      down near the Magarwara Railway Station, where the train does
      not stop. (It needs to be pointed out that this contention could
  G only be based on speculation, as admittedly there was· no
      eyewitness to the accident).· The High Court accepted the
      contentions raised on behalf of the Railway and allowed the
      appeal observing as follows:

             "On the basis of the law & facts indicated by the learned
 H
                                                                              )

     . JAMEELA AND ORS. v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS.                  529
                   [AFTAB ALAM, J.]

          counsel for the parties, we find that in the present case the   A·
          victim is to be blamed for the incident being negligent
          and therefore this case is not covered by the definition of
          the untoward incident. However, so far as the
          compensation is concerned the case of the claimant is
          covered by the provision of Section 124-A as because of         B
          his own negligence the deceased had fallen down from
          the train which caused his death. Further in the light of the
          fact that the deceased acted in a negligent manner without
          any precaution of safety by station going at the open door
          of the running train which_ resulted in_to his death."          c
                                                   (emphasis added}

          5. We are of the considered view that the High Court
,'   gravely erred in holding that the applicants were not entitled to
     any compensation under section 124A of the Act, because the          D
     deceased had died by falling down from the train because of
     his own negligence. First, the case of the Railway that the
     deceased M. Hafeez was standing at the open door of the train
     c~mpartment in a negligent manner from where he fell down
     is entirely based on speculation .. There is admittedly no           E
     eyewitness of the fall of the deceased from the train and,
     therefore, there is absolutely no evidence to support the case
     of the Railway that the accident took place· in the manner
     suggested by it. Secondly, even if it were to be assumed that
     the deceased fell from the train to his death due to his own         F
     negligence it will not have any e(fect on the compensation
     payable under sectio'n 124 A of the Act.        · ·

          6. Chapter XIII of the Railways Act, 1989 deals with the .
     Liability of Railway Administration for Death and Injury to
     Passengers due to Accidents. Section 123, the first section of G
     the Chapter, has the definition clauses; Clause (c) defines
     "untoward incident" which insofar as relevant for the present is
     as under:

         "123 (c) untoward incident means-                                H
    530         SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2010] 10 S.C.R.


A         (1) (i) xxxxxxxx

          (ii) )()()()()()()()

          (iii) )()()()()()()()

B         (2) the accidental falling of any passenger from a train
          carrying passengers."                          ·

          Section 124A of the Act provides as follows:

          "124A. Compensation on account of untoward incident. -
c         When in the course of working a railway an untoward
          incident occurs, then whether or not there has been any
          wrongful act, neglect or default on the part of the railway
          administration such as would entitle a passenger who has
          been injured or the dependant of a passenger who has
D         been killed to maintain an action and recover damages in
          respect thereof, the railway administration shall,
          notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, be
          liable to pay compensation to such extent as may be
          prescribed and to that extent only for loss occasioned by
E         the death of, or injury to, a passenger as a result of such
          untoward incident:

               Provided that no compensation shall be payable
          under this section by the railway administration if the
          passenger dies or suffers injury due to -
F
          (a) suicide or attempted suicide by him;

          (b) self-inflicted injury;

          (c) his own criminal act;
G
          (d) any act committed by him in a state of intoxication or
          insanity;

          (e) any natural cause or disease or medical or surgical
H         treatment unless such treatment becomes necessary due
  JAMEELA AND ORS. v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS.                     531
              [AFTAB ALAM, J.]
     to injury caused by the said untoward incident.                    A

     Explanation - For the purposes of this section,
     "passenger" includes -

     (i) a railway servant on duty; and
                                                                        B
     (ii) a person who has purchased a valid ticket for travelling
     by a train carrying passengers, on any date or a valid
     platform ticket and becomes a victim of an untoward
     incident."

                                                (emphasis added)
                                                                        c
       7. It is not denied by the Railway that M. Hafeez fell down
 from the train and died while travelling on it on a valid ticket.
 He was, therefore, clearly a "passenger" for the purpose of
 section 124A as clarified by the Explanation. It is now to be          D
 seen, that under section 124A the liability to pay compensation
 is regardless of any wrongful act, neglect or default on the part
 of the railway administration. But the proviso to the section says
·that the railway administration would have no liability to pay any
 compensation in case death of the passenger or injury to him           E
 was caused due to any of the reasons enumerated in clauses
 (a) to (e).

     8. Coming back to the case in hand, it is not the case of
the Railway that the death of M. Hafeez was a case of suicide
                                                                        F
or a result of self-inflicted injury. It is also not the case that he
died due to his own criminal act or he was in a state of
intoxication or he was insane, or he died due to any natural
cause or disease. His falling down from the train was, thus,
clearly accidental.
                                                                        G
      9. The manner in which the accident is sought to be
reconstructed by the Railway, the deceased was standing at
the open door of the train compartment from where he fell down,
is called by the railway itself as negligence. Now negligence
of this kind which is not very uncommon on Indian trains is not         H
                                                                               ..
    532      SUPREME COURT REPORTS .:[2010] 10 S.C.R.                                I
                                                                                     I
                                                                                    .I
A the same thing as a criminal act mentioned in clause (c) to the
  proviso to section 124 A. A criminal act envisaged under
  clause (c) must have an element of malicious intent or mens
  rea. Standing at the open doors of the compartment of a
  running train may be a negligent act, even a rash act but,
                                             a
B without anything else, it is certainly not criminal act. Thus, the
  case of the railway must fail even after assuming everything in
  its favour.           . .. ·                 ,·

I        10.-We are, therefore, constrained to interfere i~ the
    matter. The judgment and order of the High· Qourt coming under
C appeal is set aside and the judgment and order of the Tribunal
    is restored. Since a period of more than 10 years has already
    elapsed from the date of the judgment of the-Jribuna1; the                      .I   I
    compensation money along with interest need not be kept in .
    fixed deposits, qut should be paid to the appellants in the ratio                    l
                                                                                     I
D · fixed by the Tribunal. The payment must be made within 2
    m_onths from foday. ·                      · ·          '
                                                                        ..--
         11. In the result, the appeal is allowed, with costs quantified
    at Rs.30,000.00 (rupees thirty thousand only) payable to the                         J
    applicants along with the compensation money.

    D.G.                                             Appeal allowed .. ·

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