JAGMODHAN MEHATABSING GUJARAL AND ORS.versusSTATE OF MAHARASHTRA

A            JAGMODHAN MEHATABSING GUJARAL AND ORS.
                                         v.
                          STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

                              NOVEMBER 2, 2006

B                [S.B. SINHA AND DALVEER BHANDARI, JJ.]


         Indian Electricity Act 1910;

C         Sections 39 and 44-large scale theft of electricity-Held, on Facts,
    conviction not to be interfered, fine enhanced.

           Appellants are accused of committing large scale theft of electricity.
    A team of officials led by the then Dy. Executive Engineer and in-charge
    of flying squad of the State Electricity Board went to appellant's industrial
D   premises for the purpose of inspection and checking. Large scale
    tampering with the meters so that actual consumption could not be
    recorded, was detected. The daily consumption of power to be recorded
    by the consumer in prescribed G-7 form was found to have been written
    only once every month. Abnormal difference was found between the
    entries noted by the consumer in G-7 form and the reading recorded by
E   the officers of M.S.E.B. The appellants did not pay any amount more than
    the minimum charges to the Doard, whereas the actual consumption of
    the electricity was assessed by the complaints as an Expert in the field to
    be much higher. After proper investigation of the entire case, the charges
    agai11st the appellant were framed under Sections 39 and 44 of the
F   Electricity Act, 1910 to which the appellants pleaded no! guilty. The
    appellants were found guilty and convicted by the trial cou~t for offences
    under Sections 39 and 44 of the Act and were also directed to pay a fine.
    These appellants were directed to suffer three months rigorous
    imprisonment. Appellant number 1 and 3 were also directed to pay fine
    and appellant number 2 to pay a fine under Section 39 of the Act. The
G   lower appellate court dismissed the appeal filed by the appellants. High
    Court too upheld the decision of the lower courts.

         It was contended by the appellant that there w.as. no dishonest
    consumption or use ofelectric energy by them directly or by any artificial
    means or the means not authorizC'd by the licensee . It was also contended
H                                       332
         JAGMODHAN MEHATABSING GUJARAL v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA          333

that the complainant was not authorized to file FIR. The other contention. A
was that there is manifest error in the judgment of the Trial Court, which
was affirmed by the first appellate court and the High Court by which
the appellants were convicted and sentenced to three months rigorous
imprisonment on the ground that the theft of electricity to the extent of
an amount different from what the Civil Court had come to the conclusion B
and passed the decree in favour of the respondent Maharashtra State '
Electricity Board in a Civil Suit . The appellants had also alleged that 48
hours notice was not given to them before conducting the raid.

      Disposing of the appeals, the Court

      HELD 1.1. After the amendment in the provisions of Section 50 of · C
the Indian Electricity Act' 1910, the words 'Government or a State
Electricity Board or an Electric Inspector or a person aggrieved by same'
have been amended and the officers of the State Electricity Board or a
person aggrieved by the theft are authorised by the notification to lodge
a complaint. (338-FJ                                                      D
      1.2. The judgment of the trial Court, affirmed by the first appellate
court and the High Court, convicting and sentencing the appellants to three
months rigorous imprisonment on the ground that the theft of electricity
to the exhmt of an amount of Rs. 17,35,453.52 was extracted by the
appellants does not suffer from any error even though the Civil Court had       E
come to the conclusion and passed the decree in favour of the respondent
State Electricity Board in the Civil Suit for only Rs. 3,07,999.74 as, on
evaluation of the entire evidence and documents on record, the case of
theft has been fully proved, the extent of theft of energy really makes no
difference so far there was theft of energy on a large scale for a long time.   F
Appeal having not been filed against the judgment and decree for Rs.
3,07,999.74 can not be taken advantage of. (338-G-H; 339-A-B]

      1.3. Giving of 48 hours notice before conducting the raid in a case
of a surprise raid is not envisaged by the Legislature and otherwise also
it would be counter productive, because there is a strong possibility of        G
obliterating and/or destroying the entire evidence to connect the accused
with the crime. [339-C, DJ

     1.4. Suppre.ssion of employment Record or Muster Roll of the
Industry of the accused and not getting the same for inspection by the
Court clearly gives rise to considerable substance in the allegations of the    H
      334                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006) SUPP. 8 S.C.R.

- A prosecution. [339-F]
            2.1. Large scale theft of electricity is a very alarn:iing problem faced
      by all the State Electricity Boards in our cou~try, which is causing loss to
      the State revenue running in hundreds of crores every year. After proper
      adjudication· of the cases of all those who are found to be guilty of the
 B    offence of committing theft of electricity, apart from the sentence of
      conviction, the Court should invariably impose. heavy fine making theft
      of electricity a wholly non-profitable venture. The most effective step to
      curb this tendency perhaps could be to discontinue supply of electricity
      to those consumers for temporarily or permanently who have been caught
      abstracting electricity in a clandestine manner on more than one occasion.
  C                                                               [340-F, G; 341-A]
           CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 1113
      of 2006.
           From the Judgment and Order 23.1.2006 of the High Court of Judicature
  D   at Bombay in Crl. Revision Applications Nos. 458 of 2005 and I 1/2006.

            Bhimrao N. Naik, C.G. Solshe and Vinesh C. Solshe for the Appellants.

            Uday B. Dubey, A.P. Mayee and V.N. Raghupathy for the Respondent~.

            The Judsment of the Court was delivered by
 E
            DALVEER BHANDARI, J. Leave granted.

            This appeal is directed against the judgment of the High Court of
      Judicature at Bombay dated 23.1.2006 in Criminal Revision Application
      No.458/2005 and Criminal Revision Application No. I I of 2006.
  F
            The appellants in this appeal had been convicted by the Additional
      Chief Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Pune, by the judgment dated 2I.I2. I996
      under Sections 39 and 44 of the Indian Electricity Act, I 910 (hereinafter
      referred to as the Act) and were also directed to pay a fine. These appellants
 G    were directed to suffer three months rigorous imprisonment. Appellants
      numbers I and 3 were also directed to pay a fine of Rs.40,000/- each and
      appellant number 2 to pay a fine of Rs.20,000/- under Section 39 of the Act.

            The appellants, aggrieved by the said judgment of the Additional Chief
      Judicial Magistrate, Pune, filed an appeal before the Ad-hoc Additional
  H   Sessions Judge, Pune being Appeal No. 12 of 1997. The learned Add;tional
       JAGMODHAN MEHATABSINGGUJARAL v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.)   JJ5

Sessions Judge again evaluated the entire evidence and examined the                        A
documents on record and reached the same finding and consequently dismissed
the appeal filed by the appellants.

      The Criminal Revision filed against the said judgment of the Additional
Sessions Judge was dismissed by the High Court of Judicamre at Bombay
vide judgment dated 23.1.2006. Both the learned Additional Sessions Judge                  B
and the High Court upheld the decision of the Additional Chief Judicial
Magistrate.

      The brief facts which are relevant to dispose of this appeal are
recapitulated as under.
                                                                                           c
        Appellant number l was the Managing Director of M/s. Nanda Glass
  Industries Pvt. Ltd., located at Gat No. 679/680 Valu, Taluka Bhor and
. appellant number 2 and 3 are the partners of the partnership firm M/s.
  Technoframes. 3oth the industries were adjacent to each other.

      The Consumer number of Mis. Nanda Glass Industries Pvt. Ltd. is                      P
I 7941-900102-3 with sanctioned load CD 225 KV A for toughening of glass.
The Consumer number of M/s. Technoframes is 1-416 with Meter No.
9030013/TPHR 605 dated 10. 7 .1986. The sanctioned load of Consumer
number l-416 is 60 H.P. for toughening of glass.
                                                                                           E
      Upon receiving information that there was theft of electric energy being
committed by the appellants at these two electric connections for their industry
at night, the complainant V. G. Kokane, the then Dy. Executive Engineer and
in-charge of flying squad of MSEB and Executive Engineer, Kadam with
their other testing staff etc. and two Panchas went to Mis. Nanda Glass
Industries Pvt. Ltd. and Technoframes in the intervening riight of 3/4. l 0.1989           P
for the purpo~e of inspection and checking.

      It was found that the power of 225 KV A was sanctioned to accused no.
   on contract demand with H.T. meterfug for the purposes of recording
consumption. One iron box was provided for Trivector Meter. The box was O
closed and duly sealed under the seal of M.S.E.B. There was CTPC unit
provided at D.P. Pole from which the wires were (?rought into the Meter Box
through a conduit pipe so that they could·not be tampered. The appellants ·
dislocated the conduit pipe at the bend and socket. They had cut and removed
voltage wire of one phase and current wire of another phase so that actual
consumption could not be recorded by the meter. Similarly, the appellants by H
    336                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.               -!
A tampering meters ensured that actual consumption of power used for main
    furnaces and blower was not recorded from December, 1987 so that there
    could not be any difficulty in putting explanation, if any, called upon by the
    M.S.E.B. The daily consumption of power was to be recorded by the consumer
    in prescribed G-7 form, _but it was found that it was written only once every
B   month. On 3.5.1988 while it was inspected by the Testing Division abruptly,
    abnormal difference was found between the entries noted by the consumer in
    G-7 form and the reading recorded by the officers of the M.S.E.B. The copies
    of these forms were attached to the complaint.

          In the intervening night of 3/4. l 0.1989, when the complainant and his
C companions went to the premises they found one watchman on the gate who
    was called Bapu Bhagwan Alder. He was said to be a Shift Operator-cum-
    Supervisor and he· showed the actual condition of the connections to them.
    Bapu Bhagwan Alder had put his signatures on the Inspection Reports drawn
    on th~ spot, being Exh. Nos:9o and 91. He al~o vol~ntarily gave one statement
    in writing (marked as Exh. No. 80) stating that the industry was actually
D   working at the time of the visit. The factory was normally working in three
    shifts. It was found at the place of L. T. C:mnection supplied for Technoframes
    that though the said company was bearing a different name, the electric
    power was being used for toughening of glass in Mis. Nanda Glass Industries.
    The members of the raid team along with complainant found drastic changes
E   and tampering done by the accused in the said connection wherein three
    incoming wires and other three outgoing wires of the meter were joined
    together at their respective ends by taking them out from outgoing phase of
    the terminal box of the meter. Therefore, the meter was totally by-pa~sed and
    it was not recording the electricity which was consumed. The meter terminal
    cover and the seals of the M.S.E.B. were not availltble and there was 100%
F   theft of energy of 60 H.P. The complainant ·v.G. Kokane had taken
    photographs to show the tampering of the electric connecti~and taking of
    such photograph:; was indicater: in the seizure pan~hanama.

          ·The appellants did not pay any amount more than the minimum charges
    to the Board; whereas the actual consumption of the electricity was rnuch
G   more. It was assessed by the complainant as an Expert in the field that there
    was consumption of l0,00,000 units and 16075 VA power worth of
    Rs.12,00,000/- from H.T. connection whereas 5,00,000 units worth of
    Rs.4,50,000/- from L. T. connection and the theft of energy of Rs.16,50,000/
    - committed by them. The photographs of the actual position seen by the
H   raiding partv were taken on the spot and that they were produced in the
        JAGMODHANMEHATABSINGGUJARALv. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [DALVEERBHANDARl,J.]   33 7

 police station during investigation. Similarly, the original seals of H.T. Me,ter       A
 Box were cut and seized in a closed packet duly seale.d under the signatures
 of the Panchas which were also produced by them in the police station:. As
 it was likely that there will be rejoining or change in the position of the L. T.
 Connection (I-416) the room in which it was installed was duly locked and
 the Jock was sealed with paper bearing signatures of the Panchas was pasted             B
 on it. Both the keys of the Jock were also given by the complainant in the
 police station along with the complaint. The complaint was registered at the
 Bhor Police Station at about 7.30 p.m. on 4.10.1989. The original panchnama
 drawn by the M.S.E.B. officials and the Panchas at the time of actual raid
 were also produced by the complainant with true statement of consumption
 of M/s. Nanda Glass Industries for the purposes of evidence in support of the           C'
 allegations.

       After proper investigation of the entire· case, the charges against the
 appellants were framed under Sections 39 and 44 of th~ Electricity Act, to
 which the appellants pleaded not guilty. It may be pertinent to mention that
 the presence of accused Ravindra Birbal Khadake could not be secured· in                D
 spite of issuing warrants and the Chief Judicial Magistrate was pleased to
 order for separation of trial against him. We are not concerned with the said
 accused in this appeal.

       ,In the trial of the instapt case the prosecution had examined seven
  witneSil.":s R~mchandra Paigude, PWl attested the panchanama of Exh. 74. It E
  was drawn during the surprise visit by the raiding party in the night. He also
  proved Exh.78 ·a sealed packet (that was opened in the court), containing
  three seals which were removed from the meter in the premises of the glass
  industry. Shankar.Anpat, P.W.2, Executive Engineer, Lc~khote, PW3, Junior
  Engineer, Security Officer, complainant Vijay Kokane PW4, Dy. Executive F
  Engineer and in charge of flying squad and Pathan PW5, Junior Vigilance
· Officer were employees of the MSEB. These officials of the board described
  how they had visited the factory and detected existence of fraudulent means
  of abstraction of electricity without recording consumption' in the meter.
  PW6 is one of the panch witnesses who had attested Exh.101. In his presence,
  another panch had climbed atop .the meter room located in the premises of .G
  Technoframes. It was found that planks in the roof were newly fitted with
  fresh nailing. Vishnu Mane PW7 had investigated the offence and sent charge.
  sheN to the Court.

       Ramchandra Paigude PW 1~ an independent witness, fully supported the              H
    338                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.

A prosecution version. He was under no obligation to favour the Board officials.
    He had also stated that the watchman Wadi\ar had called Bapu Aldar and he
    was introduced as shift supervisor and had taken the raiding party to the
    electric installations.
                                                                                      (
           The defence of the appellants is that of denial of abstraction and
B   dishonest consumption or use of electric energy by them directly or by any
    artificial means or the means not authorized by the licensee.

           The appellants were found guilty of the offences punishable under
    Sections 39 and 44 of the Electricity Act. According to the Trial Court, the
C   prosecution had succeeded in establishing the commission of theft of the
    electric energy worth about Rs.16,50,000/-.

          The appellants, aggrieved by the judgment of the Trial Court, preferred
    an appeal before the learned Sessions Court, Pune. The first Appellate Court
    again examined in detail the entire evidence and the arguments aclvanced by
D   the parties. The first Appellate Court also examined the relevant decided
    cases of this Court and other Courts. The appeal filed by the appellants was
    dismissed by a detailed and comprehensive judgment dated 27.12.2005.

          The appellants preferred a revision petition before the High Court of
    Judicature at Bombay, which was dismissed vide order dated 23.1.2006. The
E   appellants, aggrieved by the said judgment of the High Court, have preferred
    this appeal.

          It was submitted by the appellants that the complainant was not
    authorized to file FIR. The Trial Court had considered this argument of the
    appellants. The Trial Court has correctly mentioned in its judgment that by
F   the amendment in the provisions of Section 50, the word 'Government or a
    State Electricity Board or an Electric -Inspector or a person aggrieved by
    same' has been amended and the officers of the State Electricity Board or a
    person aggrieved by the theft are authorized by the notificatic:m to lodge a
    complaint. The complainant was fully justified in filing the complaint. We do
G   not find any merit in this argument of the appellants.

          The appellants submitted that there is manifest error in the judgment of
    the Trial Court, which was affirmed by the first appellate court and the High
    Court, by which the appellants were convicted and sentenced to three months
    rigorous imprisonment on the ground that the theft of electricity to the extent
H   of an amount of Rs. 17 ,35,453 .52 was. extracted by the appellants, whereas,
       JAGMODHAN MEHATABSING GUJARAL "· STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [DAL VEER BHANDARI, J.]   339

the Civil Court had come to the conclusion and passed the decree in favour                   A
of the respondent Maharashtra State Electricity Board in Civil Suit No.156/
92 for only Rs.3,07,999.74.

       On evaluation of the entire evidence and documents on record when
the case of theft has been fully proved, then whether the theft of energy was
to the extent of Rs.17,35,453.52 or Rs;3,07,999. 74, really makes no difference,             B
as there was theft of energy on a large scale for a long time. The appellants
cannot take advantage of _the fact that the respondents had not appealed
against the judgment of the Joint Civil Judge, Senior Division, Pune, who
had passed the decree for Rs.3,07,999.74.

      The appellants had also alleged that 48 hours notice was not given to                  C
the appellants before conducting the raid.

       The Trial Court had dealt with the aspect of giving 48 hours notice
before conducting the raid. In a case of a surprise raid 48 hours' notice to the
 appellants is not envisaged by the Legislature and mherwise also it would                   D
 have been counter productive, because there was a strong possibility of
 obliterating and/or destroying the entire evidence to connect the appellants
 with the crime. Moreover, even if it is so accepted, it is on record that the
 Watchman and Bapu Bhagwan Alder were found present in the premises on
be.half of the appellants and that they did assist the raiding team to carry on
their work. It is reported by the police in reply to summons that Bapu Bhagwan               E
Alder was serving in some Glass Factory in Pune, but he could not be traced.
out for the purpose of tendering.. the evidence before the Court. .In fact, it was
possible for the appellants to bring him in the box, at least as defence witness,
to state that he had no concern with the industry of the accused. Moreover,
the Employment Record or Muster Roll of the Industry of the accused was                      F
not brought for inspection by this Court. Suppression of this clearly gives rise
to considerable substance in the allegations of the prosecution. By and large
this negatives the arguments on behalf of the appellants that the raid is illegal
or otherwise defective. Therefore, we do not find any substance in this
submission made by the appellants.
                                                                                             G
      The appellants further submitted that the courts in the impugned
judgment ought to have appreciated the circumstance that more than 17 years
have elapsed; that one of the accused/appellants is a lady partner in the firm
and that in fact the public prosecutor had consented and argued for reducing
the sentence.
                                                                                             H
    340                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006) SUPP. 8 S.C.R.               .......

A          The appellants further submitted that the courts below have not properly
    considered the entire case in the proper perspective because there was no
    evidence about the tampering with the meter.
          ...
            In the Panchanama, it is categorically mentioned that Exhibit no. 91 is
    the Inspection Sheet pertaining to Mis. Technoframes, Consumer No. 1-416
B   and the observations made are as under:

                 "Meter Terminal Box Seal and cover missing. All the coming and
            outgoing wires are connected together in the incoming hole resulting
            total buy passing of meter and no consumption is recorded in the
            meter."
c
    Therefore, we find no substance in this submission that there was no evidence
    of tampering of electricity meters by the appellants.

           On consideration of the totality of the entire case, we do not find any
    merit in the submissions made on behalf of the appellants. In our view, no
D   interference is called for in the impugned judgment so far as conviction of
    the appellants under Sections 39 and 44 of the Act is concerned and
    consequently, we uphold the impugned judgment as far as conviction of the
    appellants concerned.

          We have also heard the learned counsel for the appellants on the point
E   of senterice. It was submitted before the Trial Court and before this Court
    also that it is the first offence of the appellants. They have family members
    and minor dependents. Appellant number 2 is a lady. More than 17 years
    have elapsed and now, sending the appellants to jail for serving out the
    remaining part of their sentence would be extremely harsh. The ap-pellants
F   have already served out a part of their sentence and sending them back to jail
    to serve out the remaining sentence would cause tremendous hardship to the
    appellants and their family members.

          Large scale theft of electricity is a very alarming problem faced by all
   the State Electricity Boards in our country, which is causing loss to the State
G revenue running in hundreds of crores every year. In our considered view,
   after proper adjudication of the cases of all those who are found to be guilty
   of the offence of committing theft of electricity, apart from the sentence of
   conviction, the Court should invariably impose heavy fine making theft of
   electricity a wholly non-profitable venture. The most effective step to curb
H. this tendency perhaps could be to discontinue supply of electricity to those
            lAGMOOHANMEHATABSINGGUJARALv. STATEOFMAHARASHT~ [DALVEERBHANOARl,J.]   34}

     consumers for temporarily or permanently who have been caught abstracting           A
     electricity in a clandestine manner on more than one occasion. The legislature
     may consider incorporating this suggestion as a form of punishment by
     amending Section 39 of the Indian Electricity Act of 1910.
'·
           On consideration of the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case,
     where the appellants have already served out a part of the sentence and             B
     instead of compelling them to serve out the remaining sentence after lapse of
     17 years, in the interest of justice, we deem it appropriate to increase the fine
     from Rs.40,000/- each to Rs.3,00,000/- each in case of appellants number 1
     and 3 (Jagmodhan Mehatabsing Gujaral and Harcharanpalsing Nanda
     respectively) and from Rs.20,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/- under Section 39 of the         C
     Act in case of appellant number 2 (Mrs. Rupender Kaur Harcharanpalsing).
     The appellants are further sentenced to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- each under
     Section 44 of the Act.

           The appellants, in case, have already paid fine imposed by the Trial
     Court under Section 39 of the Act, then the appellants are directed to deposit      D
     only the remaining amount of fine within a per:od of eight weeks' from the
     date of this judgment. In case the amount of fine, as directed by this Court
     under Sections 39 and 44 of the Act, is not deposited within the stipulated
     time, then the appellants shall be taken into custody to serve out the remaining
     part of their sentence, as imposed by the Trial Court and upheld in the
     impugned judgment by the High Court.                                                E

          This· appeal is accordingly disposed of in terms of the aforesaid
     observations.

     B.K.                                                       Appeal disposed· of.