JAGAT RAMversusVARINDER PRAKASH

-                                                                                   A
                                   JAGAT RAM
                                         v.
                              VAR IND ER PRAKASH

                                 MARCH 22, 2006

--                  [B.P. SINGH AND AL TAMAS KABIR, JJ.)
                                                                                    B




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            Limitation Act, 1963-Article 65-Suit for possession of immovable
     property on death of Hindu female-Limitation for-Suit filed after 12 years
     from the death of the female-Held: Such suit if not filed within 12 years of C
      the death of the Hindu female, would be barred by limitation-Jn such case
     possession of the defendant shall be deemed to become adverse only from the
      date when the female dies and not from some other date.

           The suit land was gifted to the mother of appellant-plaintiff by 'S'.    D
     Suit by widow of 'S' resulted in compromise to the effect that widow of
     'S' would enjoy the suit property during her life time and after her death,
     the same could be inherited by mother of appellant. Thereafter widow of
     'S' adopted respondent-defendant and executed a gift deed in his favour.
     The adoption and gift deed were challenged by filing a suit which was
     decreed. Widow of 'S' died in 1967. The decree was challenged in Letters       E
     Patent Appeal, which was dismissed in 1981. Mother of appellant filed the
     present suit in 1982 for recovery of possession of the suit land. It was
     dismissed as barred by limitation by trial court. The judgment of trial
     court was upset in first appeal. In second appeal, High Court held that
     the suit was barred by limitation as the same was not filed within 12 years    F
     from the date of death of widow of 'S'. Hence the present appeal.

           Dismissing the appeal, the Court

           HELD: I. High Court has rightly held that the suit should have been
     filed by the plaintiff within 12 years of the death of the Hindu female, and   G
     the same having not been filed within 12 years was barred by limitation.
     Article 65 of the Limitation act, 1963 prescribes the period of limitation
     for possession of immovable property or any interest based on title where
     the suit is by a Hindu or Muslim entitled to possession of immovable
                                         W7                                         H
    208                    SUPREME COlJRT REPORTS                  12006] 3 S.C.R.

A property on the death of a Hindu or Muslim female. Article 65(b) in
    express terms provides that "the possession of the defendant shall be
                                                                                     -
    deemed to become adverse only when female dies". The limitation
    prescribed is 12 years beginning from the date when the possession of the
    defendant becomes adverse to the plaintiff. Article itself provides that the
B   possession of the defendant shall be deemed to become adverse only when
    the female dies. It cannot be said that limitation does not run from the
    date on which the Hindu female died and that it would start running from
    some other date. 12 lO-C-Fl
                                                                                     --
C
          2. It cannot be said that in view of the pending litigation relating to
    the adoption and gift deed executed in favour of the defandant, in the
    Letters Patent Appeal till 1981, the appellant- plaintiff could not have filed
    the present suit. In the litigation which was pending before the High Court
                                                                                     -
    the plaintiff had not claimed possession of the suit land. High Court has
    rightly pointed out that even if the plaintiff had sought amendment of the
D   pleadings in the pending matter and claimed decree for possession, the
    legal position would have been different. He having not done so, he should
    have filed the suit for possession of the suit lands within 12 years of the
    death, which he failed to do. 1210-F-H; 21 l-AI

          CIVIL APPEL LA TE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1558/1999.
E
          From the Judgment and Order dated 3.10.1997 of the High Court of
    H.P. in R.S.A. No. 4 I 0/1991.

          B. S. Banthia for the Appellant.

F       L. Nageshwar Rao, Raj Jayant. Rajeev Shanna, K.K. Shanna and Rupesh
    Kumar for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court w..as delivered by

          B.P. SINGH, J. This appeal by special leave is directed against the
G judgment and order dated 3.10.1997 of the Single Judge of the High Court
    of Himachal Pradesh, Shim la in regular second appeal no. 410 of 1991. The
    appellant before us is the plaintiff whose suit for possession was dismissed
    by the High Court holding that the suit was barred by limitation. The
    correctness of the judgment is impugned before us.
H
              JAGAT RAM v. VARINDER PRAKASH [B.P. SINGH, J.]                   209

          The facts not in dispute are as follows:                                     A
          One Sunder, owner of the suit land, died leaving behind his widow
     Smt. Kirpi and two daughters, namely Smt. Manshan and Smt. Sita Devi. The
     appellant-plaintiff, namely Jagat Ram, is the son of Smt. Manshan while
     Varinder Prakash claimed to be son of Smt. Sita Devi but adopted by Smt.
     Kirpi - widow of Sunder.                                                          B

           Sunder had executed, during his life time, a gift deed on 23.6.1920 in
     favour of his daughter Smt. Manshan (mother of the plaintiff). He died on
     17.9.1941. On 3rd August, 1945, Smt. Kirpi, widow of Sunder, filed suit
     against Smt. Manshan which finally resulted into a compromise to the effect       C
     that Smt. Kirpi will enjoy the suit property as long as she was alive and after
     her death the properly will be inherited by her daughter Manshan. It appears
     that on 23.8.1958, Smt. Kirpi executed an adoption deed in favour her second
     daughter's son, namely Varinder Prakash - defendant and also executed gift
     deed in his favour. Smt. Manshan, m~ther of the plaintiff, filed a suit on        D
     27.5.1959 for cancellation of the gift deed and for a declaration that the
     adoption was illegal. The suit was decreed by the Trial Court on 16.1.1960.
     On 5.9.1967, Smt. Kirpi, widow of Sunder, died. The decree obtained by
     Smt. Manshan was u,himately challenged in Letters Patent Appeal before the
     High Court by the defendant, which was dismissed on 18.11. I 98 I.
                                                                                       E
             After the dismissal of the Letters Patent Appeal on 18.11.1981, Smt.
     Manshan filed the. instant suit for recovery of possession of the suit land on


--
     14.12.1982. The suit was dismissed by the Trial Court by judgment and
     decree dated 24.6.1986 holding that the suit was barred by limitation. However,
     the judgment and decree of the Trial Court was upset by the Additional            F
     District Judge by judgment and decree of 19th September, 1991. The aforesaid
     judgment and decree of the appellate Court was challenged before the High
     Court in the second appeal and the same was allowed by the High Court by
     its judgment dated 3rd October, 1997. The High Court held that under the
     compromise of 3rd August, 1945 a right was conceded in favour of Kirpi to         G
     enjoy the suit land during her life time. The High Court further held that
     Kirpi had no pre-existing right of maintenance, and therefore, the case was
     covered by Section 14(2) of the Hindu Succession Act and not by Section
      14(1 ). However, the High Court held that the suit filed by the appellant-
     plaintiff on 14.12.1982 was barred by limitation since the widow had died on
     5.9.1967 and the suit for possession was not filed within 12 years of her         H
     210                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2006] 3 S.C.R.

 A death.

            Learned counsel for the appellant urged before us that while under the
     old Limitation Act, Article 141 governed the case, so far as the Limitation
     Act of 1963 is concerned the legal position has changed. The High Court
B    failed to notice this change in law and erroneously held on the basis of the
     limitation prescribed under the old Limitation Act that the suit was barred by
     limitation.

          In our view, the High Court was right in holding that the suit was
   barred by limitation. Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963 prescribes the
C period of limitation for possession of immovable property or any interest
   based on title where the suit is by a Hindu or Muslim entitled to possession
   of immovable property on the death of a Hindu or Muslim female. Article
   65(b) in express terms provides that "the possession of the defendant shall
   be deemed to become adverse only when female dies''. The limitation
D prescribed is 12 years beginning from the date when the possession of the
   defendant becomes adverse to the plaintiff. Learned counsel submitted that in
   view of Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963 th~ suit had to be filed within
   12 years from the date on which the possession of the defendant became
   adverse and, therefore, it was immaterial as to when the Hindu female died.
E It is not possible to sustain the contention because the Article itself provides
   that the possession of the defendant shall be deemed to become adverse only
  when the female dies. Thus, there is no scope for the argument that limitation
  does not run from the date on which the Hindu female died and that it would
  start running from some other date. In our view, the High Court has rightly
  held that the suit should have been filed by the plaintiff within 12 years of
F the death of the Hindu female, namely Smt. Kirpi, and the same having not
  been filed within 12 years was barred by limitation. Much was sought to be
  made of the pending litigation relating to the adoption and gift deed executed
  in favour of the defendant. It was contended before us that since the matter
  was still pending and though the plaintiffs suit had been decreed on 16.1.1960,
G the plaintiff could not have filed the instant suit till such time as the Letters
  Patent Appeal was not dismissed by the High Court i.e. till 18.11.1981. The
  submission has no substance because in the litigation which was pending
  before the High Court the plaintiff had not claimed possession of the suit
  land. The High Court has rightly pointed out that even if the plaintiff had
H sought amendment of the pleadings in the pending matter and claimed decree
  for possession, the legal position would have been different. He having not
             JAGAT RAM v. VARINDER PRAKASH [B.P. SINGH, J.]                  211

    done so, he should have filed the suit for possession of the suit land within   A
    12 years of the death of Smt. Kirpi, which he failed to do.

         We find no reason to set aside the judgment of the High .Court. This
    appeal is therefore dismissed.

                                                              Appeal dismissed.     B
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    K.K.T.