J. BALAJI SINGHversusDIWAKAR COLE & ORS.

                          [20 l 7] 3 S.C.R. 555


                          J. BALAJI SINGH                                     A
                                    v.
                      DIWAKAR COLE & ORS.
                    (Civil Appeal No. 5540 of20 I 7)
                            APRIL 24, 2017                                    8
  [R. K. AGRAWAL AND ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, JJ.] ·
       Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - 01:41, rr.27, 23, 23-A, 25
and 01:43, r. J(u) - Jurisdictio11al error - Appellant filed suit against
the respondents for declaration of title and permanent injunction
over the suit property - Suit dismissed by trial court - Aggrieved
                                                                              c
appellant filed appeal before the first Appellate court and also filed
an application u/Or.41,r.27,to file additional evidence
(documents) - Both appeal and applicatio11 u/01:41, r.27 allowed
by first Appellate court and matter remanded back to trial court to
decide the suit aji·esh on 111erits - Howeve1; High Court exa111ined          D
the case on merits and set aside the judgment of first Appellate
court and furthe1; dis111issed the suit by restoring the judg111e11t/decree
of trial court - 011 appeal, held: Once the first Appellate court
allowed the application u/Or.41, r.27 and took on record the
additional documents, it rightly set aside the judgment/decree of
                                                                              E
trial court a11d enabled it to decide the suit afresh in light of entire
evidence - First Appellate court was justified in taki11g recourse to
power conferred u/01:41, r.23-A for rema11ding case back to trial
court - High Court co1i1111ilted jurisdictional error by again
examining the case on merits and setting aside the judgment of the
first Appellate court and restoring the judgment of trial court -             F
High Court. was to only exaoiine legality of the remand order in
appeal u/Or. 43. 1: 1(u) - It. could only have remande'd the case to the
first Appellate court with direction to decide the first appeal on
merits - High Court had no jurisdiction to decide the case on
merits - Jurisdictio11.                                               '
                                                                              G
      Allowing the appeal, the Court
      HELD: I. Once. the first Appellate Court allowed the
application under Order 41 Rule 27 of CPC and took on record
the additional evidence, it rightly set aside the judgment/decree
of the Trial Court giving liberty to the parties to lead additional · H
                                555                              .
556            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                       [2017] 3 S.C.R.


A     evidence in support of their case which, in turn, enabled the Trial
      Court to decide the civil suit afresh on merits in the light of entire
      evidence. The first Appellate Court was, therefore, justified in
      taking recourse to powers conferred on the Appellate Court under
      Order 41 Rule 23-A for remanding the case to the Trial Court.
      There is no fault in exercise of such power by the first Appellate
B
      Court. [Para 21)(561-C-D]
             2. The only error which the first Appellate Court committed
      was that it went on to record the findings on merits. It was not
      necessary to do so while passing the order of remand. The reason
      is that once the first Appellate Court formed an opinion to remand
c     the case, it was required to give reasons in support of the remand
      order as to why the remand is called for in the case. Indeed, the
      remand was made only to enable the Trial Court to decide the
      case on merits. Therefore, there was no need to discuss much
      less record findings on several issues on merits. It was totally
D     uncalled for.[Para 22)(561-E-J<']
            3. In so far as the impugned order is concerned, the High
      Court committed jurisdictional error when it also again examined
      the case on merits and set aside the judgment of the first Appellate
      Court and restored the judgment of the Trial Court. The High
E     Court, should not have done this for the simple reason that it
      was only examining the legality of the remand order in an appeal
      filed under Order 43 Rule l(u) of the Code. Indeed, once the
      High Court came to a conclusion that the_ remand order was bad
      in law then it could only remand the case to the first Appellate
      Court with a direction to decide the first appeal on merits.[Para
F     23] [561-G:H]
           4. The High Court failed to see that when the first
    Appellate Court itself did nn~ d_ecide the appeal on merits and
    considered it proper to remand the case to the Trial Court, a
    fortiori, the High Court had no jurisdiction to decide the appeal
G on merits; Moreover, Order 43 Rule l(u) confers limited power
    on the High Court to examine only the legality and correctness
    of the remand order of the first Appellate Court but not beyond
  . that. [Para 24] [562-A-B]
           5. It is well settled law that the jurisdiction to decide the
H.    appeal on merits can be exercised by the Appellate Court only
          r BALAJI SINGH v. DIWAKAR COLE & ORS.                            557


 when the appeal is filed under Section 96 or 100 of the Code              A
 against the decree. Such was not the case here. [Para 25] [562-
 C-D]
         6. In the light of above mentioned discussion, it is clear
  that the High Court had no jurisdiction to consider much less
  deciding the entire case of the parties on merits in such .appeal.        B
  [Para 26] [562-D-E]
         7. The High Court held that the first Appellate Court instead
  of remanding the case to the Trial Court should have heard the
  appeal on merits. This finding is bad in law for the reason that
  firstly, it was not possible for the first Appellate Court to have
. recorded the evidence at the appellate stage. Secondly, having
                                                                            c
  regard to the nature of factual controversy involved and keeping
  in view the nature of additional evidence filed which too needed
  fo be proved in evidence, ·it was not possible to retain the appeal
  to itself and invite finding only on additional evidence by taking
  recourse to powers under Rule 25; and lastly, wholesome remand,           D
  as directed by the first Appellate Court, would enable the Trial
  Court to appreciate the entire evidence in its proper perspective
  while deciding the suit afresh on merits. [Para 27] [562-E-G]
         8. The High Court erred in reversing the finding of the
  first Appellate Court, in so far as it pertained to applica_tion filed    E
  by the plaintiff under Order 41Rule27 of the CPC. No fault could
  be found in the finding of the first Appellate Court on this issue
  for the following reasons: J<'irst, the additional evidence sought
  to be filed at the first appellate stage was held to be material and
  necessary for proper adjudication of the suit; and second, the
  reasons as to why it could not be filed during the trial also ·found      F
  acceptance to the first Appellate Court. [Paras 28, 29] (562-G-H;
  563-A]
         9. In order to enable the parties to have fair trial in civil
  suit and with a view to do substantial justice, the first Appellate
  Court rightly allowed the plaintiff to file the additional documents      G
  in appeal which satisfied the requirements of Order 41 Rule 27
  of the Code. Therefore, there is no concurrence with the
  reasoning and the conclusion arrived at by the High Court.[Paras
  30, 31] [563-B-C]
       CIVILAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5540 of20 I 7.         H
558             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2017] 3 S.C.R.


A            From the Judgment and Order dated 26.09.2013 of the High Court
      of Judicature, Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad in Civil Miscellaneous
      Appeai'No. 645 of2012.
             D. Bharat Kumar, Tadimalla Baskar Gowtham, Vishal Arun, Advs.
      for the Appellant.
B          Guntur Prabhakar, Y. Raja Gopala Rao, Advs. for the
      Respondents.
           The Judgment of the Cou1i was delivered by
            ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J. I. Leave granted.
             2. This appeal is filed by the plaintiff against the final judgment
C     and order dated 26.09.2013 passed by the High Court of Judicature,
      Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad in Civil Misc. Appeal No.645 of2012
      whereby the learned Single Judge of the High Court allowed the appeal
      filed by the defendants (respondents herein) and set aside the judgment
      and decree dated 17.02.2012 passed by the Additional District Judge,
D     Kadapa and con finned the judgment and decree dated 31.12.2009 passed
      by the Senior Civil Judge, ~adapa in Original Suit No.62 of2005.
            3. Facts necessary for the disposal of the appeal, which lies in
      narrow compass, need mention infra to appreciate the controversy
      involved in the appeal.
E.          4. The appellant is the plaintiff whereas the respondents are the
      defendants in a civil suit out of which this appeal arises.
             5. The appellant filed a civil suit being 0.S. No.62 of2005 before
      the Senior Civil Judge, Kadapa against the respondents for declaration
      of his title over the suit property (described iii detail in the Sc_hedule to
 F    the plaint) and also sought permanent injunction against the respondents
      restraining them from interfering in his possession over the suit property.
             6. The responde1)ts filed their respective written statements ;md
      denied the appel !ant's claim over the suit property. The Trial Comi framed
      issues on law and facts on the basis of the pleadings for adjudicating the
G     rights of the parties arising i11 the case. The parties filed the documentary
      evidence and adduced oral evidence in support of their respective case.
             7. The Trial Court, vi de judgment/decree dated 31.12.2009 in O.S.
      No.62 of2005 dismissed the appellant's suit. Felt aggrieved, the appellant
      filed first appeal being A.S. No.42 of 2010 before the VI Additional
H     District Judge, Kadapa. In appeal, the appellant filed one application
          J. BALAJJ SINGH v. DIWAKAR COLE & ORS.                                559
                [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.]

(I.A. No. 211 of2011) under Order 41 Ru le 27 read with Section 151 of          A
the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as "the Code")
and sought permission to file additional evidence (documents) in support
of his case which, according to him, was material and necessary for the
proper disposal of the suit. It was alleged that the additional evidence
could ·not be filed in suit at that time due to its non-availability with the
                                                                                 B
plaintiff. The respondents opposed the application.
       8. The first Appellate Court, by judgment/decree dated 17.02.2012,
allowed the application (l.A.No.211 of2011) filed by the appellant under
Order4 I Rule 27 read with Section 151 of the Code and then proceeded
to decide the appeal on merits. By his lengthy judgment (pages 97 to
129, Annexure P-10 to SLP paper book) the first Appellate Judge allowed
                                                                                 c
the appeal, set aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Comt and remanded
the case to the Trial Court for deciding the suit afresh on merits
uninfluenced by any of the observations made by him in the judgment.
The parties were granted libe1ty to adduce additional evidence in support
of their case in the Trial Court.                                                D
      9. Felt aggrieved by the aforesaid judgment, the respondents
(defendants) filed C.M.A. No.645of2012 before the High Court under
Order 43 Rule I (u) of the Code.
       I 0. By impugned judgment, the learned Single Judge allowed the
appeal, set aside the judgment of the first Appel late Court and dismissed       E
the suit by restoring the judgment and decree of the Trial Court. Felt
aggrieved, the plaintiff has filed this appeal by way of special leave
before this Court.
     11. Heard Mr. D. Bharat Kumar, learned counsel for the appellant
and Mr. Y. Raja Gopala Rao, learned counsel for the respondents.                 F
       12. Having heard learned Counsel foi· the parties and on perusal
of the record of the case, we are constrained to allow the appeal, set
aside the impugned judgment and remand the case to the Trial Court for
deciding the civil suit afresh on merits in accordance with law.
                                                                                 G
        13. The question, which arises for consideration in this appeal, is
whether the High Court was justified in allowing the defendants' appeal
and thereby justified in restoring the judgment/decree of the Trial Court
which had dismissed the suit. In other words, the questioi1s which arose
before the High Court were, whether the. first Appellate Court was
justified in setting aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court; and if so,    H
560             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                            [2017) 3 S.C.R.


A     whether it was justified in remanding the case to the Trial Court for
      fresh trial of the suit in accordance with law. Another question, which
      fell for consideration, was whether the first Appellate Court was justified
      in allowing the application filed by the appellant (plaintiff) under Order
      41 Rule 27 of the Code by which the plaintiff had sought permission to
      adduce additional evidence in appeal in suppo11 of his case.
B
             14. As is clear from mere perusal of the impugned judgment, we
      find that the High Cmn1 recorded inconsistent finding insofar as it pe11ained
      to Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code. In Para 26, it was held as under:
              "26 .............Assuming that the lower appellate Court felt '
c             that the additional documents filed by the plaintiff in the
              appeal before it have some bearing on the case, nothing
              prevented it from considering the same, giving opportunity
              to both parties to lead evidence and deciding the
              appeal ....... "
           15. Whereas in the other part of the judgment, the learned Single
D
   Judge did not approve the approach of the first Appellate Court in granting
    indulgence to the appellant to fill the lacuna by adducing evidence. Be
   that as it may, having observed this, the High Court proceeded to exa1i1ine
   the case on merits and eventually allowed the appeal, set aside the
  ·judgment of the first Appellate Court and restored the judgment/decree
E of the Trial Court. The effect of the judgment of the High Court is that
   the plaintiff's suit stands dismissed.
             16. The mainquestion, which fell for consideration before the
      High Court, was whether the first Appellate Court was right in remanding
      the case to the Trial Cou11 for fresh trial on merits?
·p
            17. There are three provisions in the Code which deal with the
      power of the Appellate C:::ourt to remand the case to the Trial Court.
      These provisions are Order 41 Rules 23, 23-A, and 25.
             18. So far as Order 41 Rure 23 is concerned, it enables the
      Appellate Court to remand the case to the Trial Court when it finds that
G     the Trial Court has disposed of the suit upon a preliminary point. The
      Appellate Court in such cases is empowered to direct the Trial Court to
      decide all the issues on evidence on record.
             19. So far as Rule 23-A is concerned, it enables the Appellate
      Court to remand the case to the Trial Court when it finds that though the
H     Trial Court has disposed of the suit on all the issues but on reversal of
          J. BALAJI SINGH v. DIWAKAR COLE & ORS.                                   561
                [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.]

the decree in appeal, a re-trial is considered necessary by the Appellate           A
Court.
       20. So far as Rule 25 is concerned, it enables the Appellate Court
to frame or try the issue if it finds that it is essential to the right decision
of the suit and was not framed by the Trial Court. The Appellate Court
in such case may, accordingly, frame the issues and refer the same to               B
the Trial Court to take the evidence and record the findings on such
issues and return to the Appellate Court for deciding the appeal. In such
cases, the Appellate Court retains the appeal to itself.
       21. Now coming to the facts of the case, we are of the considered
opinion that once the first Appellate Court allowed the application under           c
Order41Rule27 of Code and took on record the additional evidence, it
rightly set aside the judgment/decree of the Trial Court giving liberty to
the parties to lead additional evidence in support of their case which, in
turn, enabled the Trial Court to decide the civil suit afresh on merits in
the 1ight of entire evidence. The first Appellate Court was, therefore,
justified in taking recourse to powers conferred on the Appellate Court             D
under Order 41 Rule 23-A for remanding the case to the Trial Court. We
find no fault in exer~i'~e of such power by the first Appellate Court.
       22. In our considered view, the only error which the first Appellate
Court committed was that it went on to record the findings on merits. In
our view, it was not necessary to do so while passing the order of remand.          E
The reason is that once the first Appellate Court formed an opinion to
remand the case, it was required to give reasons in support of the remand
order as to why the remand is called for in the case. Indeed, the remand
was made only to enable the Trial Court to decide the case on merits.
Therefore, there was no need to discuss much less record findings on                F
several issues on merits. It was totally uncalled for.
       23. So far as the impugned order is concerned, the High Court, in
our view, committed jurisdictional error when it also again examined the
case on merits and set aside the judgment of the first Appellate Court
and restored the judgment of the Trial Court. The High Court, in our                G
opinion, should not have done this for the simple reason that it was only
examining the legality of the remand order in an appeal filed under Order
43 Rule l(u) of the Code. Indeed, once the High Court came to a
conclusion that the remand order was bad in law then it could only remand
the case to the first Appellate Court with a direction to decide the first
appeal on merits.                                                                   H
562              SUPREME COURT REPORTS                            [2017] 3 S.C.R.


A             24 .. The High Court failed to see that when the first Appellate
       Co.urt itself did not decide the appeal on merits and considered it proper
       to remand the case to the Trial Court, a fortiori, the High Court had no
       jurisdiction to decide the appeal on merits. Moreover, Order 43 Rule
       l(u) confers limited power on the High Cou11to examine only the legality
       and correctness of the remand order of the first Appellate Court but not
B      beyond that. In other words, the High Court should have seen that Order
       43 Rule I(u) gives a limited power to examine the issue relating to legality
       ofremand,order, ~sis clear from Order 43 Rule I(u) which reads thus:-
               "l(u) an order under rule 23 or rule 23A of Order XLI
               remanding a case, where an appeal would lie from the
c              decree of the Appellate Court"
                25. It is well settled law that the jurisdiction to decide the appeal
        on merits can be exercised by the Appellate Court only when the appeal
      · is filed under Section 96 or l 00 of the Code against the decree. Such
        was not the case here.
D
             . 26. In the light of abovementioned discussion, we are of the opinion
       that the High Court had no jurisdiction to consider much less deciding
       the entire case of the parties on merits in such appeal.
              27. We are also unable to agree with the High Cou1t when it held
E      that the first Appellate Court instead of remanding the case to the Trial
       Court should have heard the appeal on merits. This finding, in our view,
       is bad in law for the 1'eason tliat firstly, it was not possible for the first
       Appellate Court to have recorded the evidence at the appellate stage.
       Secondly, having regard to the nature of factual controversy involved
       and keeping in view the·nature of additional evidence filed which too
F      needed to be proved in evidence, it was not possible to retain the appeal
       to itself and invite finding only on additional evidence by taking recourse
       to powers under Rule 25; and lastly, wholesome remand, as directed by
       the first Appellate Court, would enable.the Trial Court to appreciate the
       entire evidence in its proper perspective while deciding the suit afresh
G      on merits.
                                                                                .
              28. We are .also unable to agree with the High Court when it
       reversed the finding of the first Appellate Court, in so far as it pertained
       to application filed by the plaintiff under Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code.
       Jn our opinion, no fault could be found in the finding of the first Appellate
       Court on this issue for the following reasons:
H
             J. BALAJI SINGH v. DIWAKAR COLE &.ORS.                               . 563
                   [ABHAY MANOl-IAR SAPRE, J.]

       29. First, the additional evidence sought to be filed at the first           A
appellate stage was held to be material and necessary for proper
adjudication of the suit; and second, the reasons as to why it cou.ld not be·
filed during the trial also found acceptance to the first Appellate Court.
       30. In order to enable the parties to have fair trial in civil suit and
with a view to do substantial justice, the first Appellate Court, in our             B
view, rightly allowed the plaintiff to file the additional documents in appeal
which satisfied the requirements of Order 41 Rule 27 of the Code.
      31. We cannot, therefore, concur with the reasoning and the
conclusion arrived at by the High Cou1t in tl1c Iight of reasoning mentioned
above.                                                                              C
      32. In view of foregoing discussion, we allow the appeal, set aside
the impugned order of the High Court and restore that of the first Appellate
Court with modification as mentioned in para 22.
       33. Libe1ty is granted to the defendants to file in rebuttal any
additional evidence before the Trial Court in support of their case. The             D
Trial Court will allow the parties to lead oral evidence to prove additional
documentary evidence and then decide the suit afresh on merits strictly
on the basis of evidence in accordance with law without being influenced
by any observations made by the first Appellate Court, the High Court
and this Court in their respective orders passed in these proceedings.               E
      34. The Trial Court shall ensure disposal of the suit, as directed,
within six months as an outer limit. Parties to appear before the Trial
Court on 01.05.2017 to enable the Trial Court to decide the suit as directed
above.
                                                                                     F
Ankit Gyan                                                      Appeal allowed.