IYASAMY & ANR.versusSPECIAL TAHSILDAR, LANO ACQUISITION

                 [2010] 12 S.C.R. 489


                     IYASAMY & ANR.                             A
                             V.
       SPECIAL TAHSILDAR, LANO ACQUISITION
       (Civil Appeal Nos. 1760-1761 of 2004 etc.)

                  SEPTEMBER 30, 2010
                                                                B .
  [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA AND ANIL R. DAVE,
                            JJ.]

     LAND Acau1smoN Acr, 1894 - ss. 4, 23(2) and 23(1A) -
Land acquired - Compensation awarded - Quantum of               C
compensation determined by High Court - In some cases
interest on solatium u/s 23(2) and additional compensation
u/s 23(1A) were denied - On appeal, held: The quantum of
compensation determined by High Court is correct- However,
claimants are entitled to interest on solatium and additional   0
interest.

     Land of the appellants was acquired under Land·
Acquisition Act, 1894. Compensation was awarded by·
Land Acquisition Officer. The Reference Court enhanced
                                                           E
the compensation and fixed it @ Rs.61- per sq. ft. Appeals
were preferred before High Court. The High Court
remanded all the appeals to the Reference Court, except
one, wherein it fixed the compensation at Rs.6/- per sq.
ft. However, it rejected the claim of interest on solatium
u/s 23(2) and additional compensation u/s 23(1A) of the F
Act. The Reference Court, after the remand, fixed the
compensation at Rs.6/- per sq. ft .. In other remanded
matters in respect of the neighbouring lands, the
Reference Court fixed the compensation at Rs.13-14/- per
sq. ft.. In appeal, the High Court reduced the G
compensation of Rs.13-14 to Rs.6.25 per sq. ft., and in
respect of other appeals, the compensation fixed at Rs.6/
- per sq. ft. by the Reference Court, was upheld.
Therefore, the instant appeals were filed, questioning the
                            489
   490     SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2010] 12 S.C.R.

A quantum of compensation and also questioning denial of
  interest on solatium and additional compensation.

      Dismissing the appeals questioning the quantum of
  compensation and partly allowing the appeals with
B respect to interest on solatium and additional
  compensation, the Court

       HELD: 1.1 There is no merit in the instant appeals
  to interfere with the quantum of compensation awarded
  by the High Court. The compensation at the rate of Rs.
C 6/- per sq. ft. is upheld, in respect of the instant lands as
  awarded by the High Court. The High Court by its
  impugned judgment considered Exhibit C3 which is a
  sale deed in which the sale of the adjoining land was
  made at the rate of Rs. 10/- per sq ft. If the market value
D of the land is assessed on the basis of Ext. C3 and 1/3rd
  is deducted towards development charges, it comes
  approximately to Rs. 6.25 per sq ft. As far as Ext. 15, 16
  and 17 are concerned, in those documents, transaction
  were made at the rate 20/- per sq. ft. But the lands
E pertaining to those sale deeds are lands of better quality,
  and better location with better connectivity. Besides,
  these are small pieces of land compared to a large tract
  of land acquired in the instant case. Therefore, a
  deduction of 65% of land value appears to be just and
F appropriate. For quality and location of land, if deduction
  is permissible at 1/3rd valuation and for smaller piece of
  land pitted against large tract of land also another 1/3rd
  deduction is permissible, the same would again amount
  to valuation being fixed at Rs. 6/- or Rs. 6.25/-. This
G amount of compensation was awarded by the High Court
  in respect of acquired neighbouring lands. The
  neighbouring lands have good connectivity, however,
  such advantages are not available to the land in the
  instant case, as the same are landlocked plots. [Paras 6,
H 8 and 12] [495-H] [496-A] [496-C-E] [498-B]
  IYASAMY & ANR. v. SPECIAL TAHSILDAR, LAND            491
                 ACQUISITION
     Smt.Kausalya Devi Bogra and Ors. vs. Land Acquisition    A
Officer, Aurangabad and Anr. (1984) 2 SCC 324; Kasturi and
Ors. v. State of Haryana (2003) 1 SCC 354 - relied on.

    1.2 There is also other guidance available on record
to determine the valuation in the form of various awards
                                                              8
with respect to acquisition of adjoining lands. These.
awards are important piece of evidence for arriving at the
market value of the acquired land. [Para 9] (496-G]

    Mohammad Raofuddin vs. Land Acquisition Officer
(2009) 14 sec 367 - relied on.                                c
     2. As regards the interest on solatium and additional
compensation, since the impugned order which was
challenged in the instant appeal, was pronounced prior
to judgment in Sunder vs. Union of India*, and the instant    0
appeal was pending before the Supreme Court, therefore,
the ratio of Sunder's case would entitle the appellants to
receive interest on solatium u/s~ 23(2) and additional
compensation u/s. 23(1A) in terms of the said decision.
According to Gurpreet Singh's case such interest can be       E
claimed only from the date of the judgment in Sunder's
case i.e. 19.9.2001. Therefore, the appellants claiming
interest on solatium shall be entitled to such interest for
the period after 19.9.2001, not the period prior to the
same. [Para 11] [497-F-H] [498-A]
                                                              F
    *Sunder v. Union of India (2001) 7 SCC 211; Gurpreet
Singh v. Union of India (2006) 8 SCC 457 - relied on.

                    Case Law Reference:
    (1984) 2 sec 324        Relied on.           Para 7       G

    (2003) 1 sec 354        Relied on.           Para 7
    (2009) 14 sec 367       Relied on.           Para 9

                                                              H
    492       SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2010] 12 S.C.R.


A         (2001) 1 sec 211       Relied on.            Para 11
          (2006) s sec 457       Relied on.            Para 11

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos.
    1760-1761 of 2004.
B
        From the Judgment & Order dated 18.1.2001 of the High
    Court of Judicature at Madras in Appeal No. 298 of 1992 and
    C.M.P. No. 15057 of 1997.

                               WITH
c
    C.A. Nos. 6875-6877 of 2004, 7434 of 2004.

        R. Chandrachud, Promila, V. Prabhakar and R.
    Nedumaran for the Appellant.
D       V. Krishna Murthy, T. Harish Kumar, V. Vasudevan, S.
    Thananjayan and R. Ayyam (for Parekh & Co.) for the
    Respondent.                       ·

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
E
        DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J. 1. All these appeals
  are arising out of the land acquisition proceeding in which
  various notifications under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition
  Act, 1894 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act") were issued in
F proximity of time, i.e. in 1981, with respect to adjoining lands
  in the Erode and Periasemur Villages for the construction of
  houses for the scheme called "Erode West Neighbourhood
  Scheme" and therefore we propose to decide them by a
  common judgment and order. The Civil Appeal Nos. 1760-1761
  are directed against final judgment and order dated 18-01-
G 2001 passed by the Madras High Court in Appeal No.298/92
  and CMP No. 15057/97 wherein the High Court by its
  impugned judgment partly allowed the appeal filed by the
  Respondent and declined to condone the delay of 7 days in
  filing the Cross appeal by the appellants and consequently,
H dismissed the CMP No. 15057/97. Consequent thereto, the
  IYASAMY & ANR. v. SPECIAL TAHSILDAR, LAND                   493
   ACQUISITION [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]
cross-appeal 9f the Appellants was also dismissed without             A
going into merit. The Civil Appeal No. 6875-6877/04 and 7434/
04 are directed against the final judgment and order dated 17/
10/03 passed in A.S. Nos. 754/02, 759/02. 760/02 and 128/
92 by the Madras High Court whereby the High Court by its
impugned judgment and order dismissed the appeals filed by            B
the appellants.

    2. The appellants were not satisfied with the compensation
awarded by the Land Acquisition Officer, so there were 12
LAOPs filed before the Reference Court. The Reference Court           C
enhanced the compensation and fixed it at the rate of Rs. 6/-
per sq. ft. Both the appellants and respondent filed appeals
before the High Court. The High Court was pleased to remand
back the appeals to the Reference Court except A.S. No. 298/
92.
                                                                      D
      3. In A.S. No. 298/92, the appellants moved CMP No.
15057/97 to eondone the delay of 7 days in filing the· cross
objection. The High Court dismissed the said application.
Consequently, the cross appeal of appellants was dismissed.
As far as the appeal filed by the respondent in A.S. no. 298/         E
92 was concerned, the High Court referred its judgment in A.S.
No. 71/92 which was in reference to the same scheme for the
adjoining survey no. and in which the High Court enhanced the
market value to Rs. 9/- per sq. ft. and thereby the High Court in
its impugned judgment and order dated 18/1/2001 also                  F
enhanced the market value of the land involved in A.S. No. 298/
92 to Rs. 9/~ per sq. ft., and deducted 33-1/3% towards
development charges and ultimately the compensation was
fixed at Rs. 6/- per sq. ft. The High Court also rejected the claim
of interest on sol.atium u/s 23 (2) and additional compensation       G
u/s 23(1A) of the Act.

     4. As far as the matters remanded back are concerned,
the Reference Court fixed compensation at the rate of Rs. 6/-
per sq. ft. after remand for the lands involved in LAOP Nos. 4/
87, 9/87, 19/87 and 25/87, against which A.S. No. 754/02, 759/        H
    494     SUPREME COURT REPORTS               (2010] 12 S.C.R.


A 02, 760102 and 128/92 were made. Simultaneously, by
  separate orders, the Reference Court in LAOP Nos. 22/87, 24/
  87, 26/87 and 410/00, which were matters involving
  neighbouring lands for the same housing scheme and which
  were also remanded back by the High Court, fixed
B compensation at the rate of Rs. 13-14/- per sq. ft., against
  which appeals were also filed. All these appeals were decided
  by the High Court by judgment and order dated 17/10/03
  whereby the High Court reduced the compensation of 13-14/-
  per sq. ft. awarded in LAOP Nos. 22/87, 24/87, 26/87 and 410/
c 00 by the Reference Court to 6.25/- per sq. ft., while A.S. Nos.
  754/02, 759/02, 760102 and 128/92 were dismissed upholding
  the compensation @ 61- per sq. ft.

        5. We have heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf
  of the parties at length. The principal issue that arises for our
D consideration is what would be the reasonable compensation
  for the acquired lands in the present case. The learned counsel
  for Appellants contended before us that the Refer~nce Court
  in LAOP· Nos. 22/87, 24/87, 26/87 and 410/00 fixed
  compensation at the rate of Rs. 13-14/- per sq. ft., therefore,
E the appellants are also entitled to the same amount of
  compensation and that the High Court by its impugned
  judgment and order dated 17/10/03 erroneously fixed the
  market value @ Rs.6.25/- and 6/- by overlooking the evidence
  of sale instances (i.e. Ex. C15, C16 and C17) which shows the
F market value of the adjoining lands at Rs. 19-20/- per sq. ft.
  Further, the learned counsel for appellants contended that the
  deduction of 1/3rd towards development charges is illegal and
  not sustainable.

G      6. We have considered the evidence on record and
  appreciated the documents to determine the just and fair
  market value of the acquired lands. The High Court by its
  impugned judgment and order dated 17.10.2003 considered
  Exhibit C3 which is a sale deed in which the sale of the
H adjoining land was made at the rate of Rs. 10/- per sq ft. The
  IYASAMY & ANR. v. SPECIAL TAHSILDAR, LAND                 495
   ACQUISITION [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]
evidence produced further proves that this land is on the          A
Nasiyanur Road and very near and almost adjacent to the land
acquired. Therefore, this piece of evidence is very valuable and
dependable for determining the market value in the present
case. However, this sale deed pertains to a small portion of
land i.e. one acre and four cents, while the acquired land is a    B
large tract of land.

     7. The legal position in this regard has been reiterated by
this court time and agaih. It was held in Smt.Kausalya Devi
Bogra and Ors. Vs. Land Acquisition Officer, Aurangabad &          C
Anr. reported at (1984) 2 SCC 324, (in paragraph 13) that -

    "Where large tracts of land are acquired, valuation in
    transaction in regard to smaller properties does not offer
    a proper guideline and therefore, cannot be taken a real
    basis for determining compensation. For determining the        D
    market value of a large property on the basis of a sale
    transaction for smaller property a deduction should be
    given."

Besides, in Kasturi & Ors. v. State of Haryana reported at         E
(2003) 1 sec 354 it was held that (in paragraph 7):-

    "lt is well settled that in respect of agricultural land or
    undeveloped land which has potential value for housing or
    commercial purposes, normally 1/3rd amount of
    compensation has to be deducted out of the amount of           F
    compensation payable on the acquired land subject to
    certain variations depending on its nature, location, extent
    of expenditure involved for development and the area
    required for roads and other civic amenities to develop the
    land so as to make the plots for residential or commercial     G
    purposes."

    8. If we assess the market value of the land acquired at
Rs. 10/- per sq ft. on the basis of Ex. C3 and deduct 1/3rd
towards development charges, it comes approximately to Rs.
                                                                   H
    496      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2010] 12 S.C.R.


A   6.25 per sq ft. As far as Exs. 15, 16 and 17 are concerned, in
    those documents, transaction were made at the rate 20/- per
    sq. ft. But the lands pertaining to those sale deeds are highly
    developed and better located being situated right on the
    Manickampalayam road not very far from the Mettur road, and
B   the Municipal Colony. Therefore, if a deduction of 65% should
    be made as is done in some cases decided by this Court, the
    valuation would come to Rs. 6.25/-. The aforesaid lands
    covered by the three exhibits are land of better quality, and
     better location with better connectivity. Besides, these are small
C    pieces of land compared to a large tract of land acquired in
    the present case. Therefore, a deduction of 65% of land value
     appears to be just and appropriate. For quality and location of
     land, if deduction is permissible at 1/3rd valuation and for
     smaller piece of land pitted against large tract of land also
     another 1/3rd deduction is permissible, the same would again
0
     amount to valuation being fixed at Rs. 6/- or Rs. 6.25/-. This
     amount of compensation W?S awarded by the High Court in
     respect of acquired lands in LAOP Nos. 22/87, 24/87, 26/87
     and 410/00. The lands in LAOP Nos. 22/87, 24/87, 26/87 and
     410/00 have an access to road which connects Nasiyanur Road
E    and Manickampalayam Road, however, such advantages are
     not available to the land in the present case as the same are
     landlocked plots. Therefore, we uphold the compensation at the
     rate of Rs. 6/- per sq. ft. in respect of present lands as awarded
     by the High Court.
F
      9. There is also other guidance available on record to
  determine the valuation in the form of various awards with
  respect to acquisition of adjoining lands. These awards are
  important piece of evidence for arriving at the market value
G acquired land in view of the decision of this court in Mohammad
  Raofuddin vs. Land Acquisition Officer reported at (2009) 14
  sec 367, wherein it was held that (paragraph 21 ): -
           " .... reliance on earlier judgment in respect of a land
          situated in the same village, acquired only six months
H
  IYASAMY & ANR. v. SPECIAL TAHSILDAR, LAND                     497
   ACQUISITION [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]
     ago, could not be said to be an irrelevant factor affecting        A
     the determination of market value! compensation in
     respect of the land of the appellant."

      10. The High Court in A.S. No. 875 of 1991 and cross-
objection No. 253 of 1992 fixed the market value at Rs. 6, 99,          8
934/- for one acre and ten cents, which works out to Rs. 6/- per
sq. ft. The lands are situated in S.No. 147/1, Periasemur village
acquired for the same public purpose pursuant to notification
under Section 4 of the Act dated 15.07.1981. Though the
revenue village is different, the lands are located very adjacent       C
and in the same locality having similar facilities. Similarly in A.S.
No. 137 of 1993 and the cross-objection No. 72 of 1994, the
Division Bench of the High Court fixed the market value of the
land Rs. 5.53 per sq. ft. In this matter the land was covered by
S.No. 145/1,2,3 and 4, Erode village acquired for the same
Erode neighbourhood scheme by the notification dated 5/1/               D
1981, which is next to the present acquired land. In A.S. No.
584 bf 1986 in which adjoining land wa.s· acquired via
notification dated 14-3-1973, the division bench of the High
Court fixed the market value Rs. 5/- per sq. ft. Since all these
awards have become final and binding, therefore reliance could          E
be placed on the same. Consequently, the reasonable
compensation and fair market value of the present acquired
land should be Rs. 6/- per sq.ft.

     11. The learned counsel for Appellants in Civil Appeal Nos.        F
1760-1761/04 are also claiming interest on solatium and
additional compensation as the impugned order of the High
Court was pronounced prior to judgment in Sunder v. Union
of India reported at (2001) 7 SCC 211. Since the present
appeal was pending before this court, therefore, the ratio of           G
Sunder v. Union of India would entitle the appellants to receive
interest on solatium under section 23 (2) and additional
compensation un.der Section "23 (1A) in terms of the said
decision. It was decided in Gurpreet Singh v. Union of India
reported at (2006) 8 sec 457 that such interest can be claimed
                                                                        H
    498      SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [2010] 12 S.C.R.


A only from the date of the judgment in Sunder (supra) i.e.
  19.9.2001. Therefore, the appellants in the Civil Appeal Nos.
  1760-1761/04 shall be entitled to such interest for the period
  after 19.9.2001, not the period prior to the same.

B      12. In view of the aforesaid, we do not find any merit in
  these appeals to interfere with the quantum of compensation
  awarded by the High Court and accordingly, dismiss the Civil
  Appeal Nos. 6875-6877/04 and 7434/04. However, we partly
  allow the Civil Appeal Nos. 1760-1761/04 with respect to
C interest on solatium u/s 23(2) and additional compensation u/
  s 23(1A) of the Act, which shall be guided by observations and
  directions made in paragraph 11 above. The parties are ieft
  to bear their own cost.

    K.K.T.                                Appeals disposed of.