Holding

The Supreme Court held that the Ratnaprabha decision is binding, cannot be overruled by a later co‑equal bench, and the petition for reconsideration was dismissed.

Summary

The petition filed by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. challenged a Full Bench judgment of the Madhya Pradesh High Court that had overruled a Division Bench decision on the construction of Section 138(b) of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956, which contains a non‑obstante clause. The Supreme Court examined whether the earlier Supreme Court decision in Municipal Corporation v. Ratnaprabha (1977) was binding on later co‑equal benches and whether the non‑obstante clause required the interpretation given in Ratnaprabha. It held that Ratnaprabha is the only direct decision of this Court on that provision, that a later three‑judge bench cannot overrule it, and that the Full Bench was correct in affirming its binding effect. The Court also found no sufficient ground under the Keshav Mills test to revisit Ratnaprabha. Consequently, the special leave petition was dismissed.

Issues considered

Whether a decision of this Court (Ratnaprabha) is binding on a later co‑equal bench and can be overruled by it.
How the non‑obstante clause in Section 138(b) of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956 should be interpreted.
Whether the petition for reconsideration of Ratnaprabha's decision satisfies the criteria laid down in Keshav Mills Co. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income‑Tax.

Legislation cited

Constitution of Indias. Article 141
Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956s. 138(b)

Subjects

non‑obstante clausebinding precedentArticle 141municipal corporationannual value of buildingspecial leave petitionjudicial precedentreconsiderationKeshav Mills test

Judgment

A INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LTD.
v
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AND ANR.

APRIL 7, 1995

B (J.S. VERMA AND SUJATA V. MANOHAR JJ.)

Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956-Section
138(b }-House t~nnual value of building-Non-obstante clause-Effect
of the non-obstante clause.
c Constitution of India-Article 141-Procedure-Whether the earlier
decision of this Co1'rt can be overruled by a co-equal Bench of this Court.

The Division Bench or the High Court by placing reliance on some
other decisions or this Court on similar provision or other statutes or
D different State where there was no non-obstante clause as in Section 138(b)
of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, took the view that the
decision of this Court in Municipal Corporation, Indore and others v. Smt.
Ratnaprabha and Others, (1977) 1 SCR 1017 was not binding on it even
though it related to the construction of the same provision. )
E The Full Bench of the High Court overruled the decision of the
Division Bench.

Being aggrieved by the full Bench's decision the Petitioner preferred
the present Petition.

F Dismissing the Petition, this Court

HELD : 1. The only direct decision of this Court on the construction
of Section 138(b) of the M.P. Municipal Corporation Act Is Ratnaprabha's
case and It distinguishes the other decisions of this Court in which
construction of similar provision In other statutes was Involved on the
G ground that they did not contain a non-obstante clause like that in Section
138(b) of the M.P. Act. [248-H, 249-A, BJ

The Corporation of Calcutta v. Smt. Padma Debi and Others, (1962)
3 SCR 49; Dewan Dau/at Rai Kapoor Etc. Etc. v. New Delhi Municipal
H Committee and Another Etc. Etc., (1980) 2 SCR 607; Dr. Balbir Singh and
246
1.0.C. v. MUNICIPAL CORPN. 247
Ors. Etc. Etc. v. Municipal Corporation, Delhi and Ors., [1985] 2 SCR 439 A
and Morvi Municipality v. State of Gujarat and Ors., [1993] 2 SCR 803,
referred to.

2. A Bench or three Judges only, in the later decisions could not
overrule the decision of this Court in Ratnaprabha's case and, therefore,
none of the later decisions could be so read to have that effect. The Division B
Bench of the High Court was clearly in, error in taking the view that the
decision of this Court In Ratnaprabha's case was not binding on it. In doing
so, the Division Bench or the High Court did something which even a later
co-equal Bench of this Court did not and could not do. [251-F, G]
c
3. The test Indicated in Keshav Mills Co. Ltd. for reconsideration of
a decision of this Court Is not satisfied In the present case; therefore the
plea for reconsideration or the decision In Ratnaprabha's case ean not be
entertained. [253-B]

Keshav Mills Co. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Bombay, [1965] D
i, 2 SCR 908, referred to.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (C)
7504 of 1995.
E
From the Judgment and Order dated 28.9 .94 of the Madhya Pradesh
High Court in C.R. No. 405 of 1992.

V.R. Reddy, Additional Solicitor General, S.K. Puri and H.K. Puri
for the Petitioners.
F
The following Order of the Court was delivered :

Heard the learned Additional Solicitor General.

The impugned judgment by a Full Bench of the Madhya Pradesh
High Court overrules the decision of a DiVision Bench in Municipal Cor- G
poration, Indore and Other v. Smt. Ratnaprabha Dhanda, Indore and
Another, (1989) MPLJ 20. The challenge in this special leave petition is to
the correctness of the Full Bench decision. The question involved relates
to the construction of Section 138(b) of the Madhya Pradesh Municipal
Corporation Act, 1956 (for short the "M.P. Act") which reads as under : H
248 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995) 3 S.C.R.

A "The annual value of any building shall notwithstanding anything
contained in any other law for the time being in force deemed to be
the gross annual rent at which such building, together with its
appurtenances and any furniture that may be let for use or enjoy-
ment therewith might reasonably at the time of assessment be
expected to be let from year to year, less any allowance of ten
B percent for the cost of repairs and for all other expenses necessary
to maintain the building in a state to command such gross annual
rent."

(emphasis supplied)
c
In the High Court the matter was not res integra being concluded by
the authority of the direct decision by a 3-Judge Bench of this Court in
Municipal ·corporation, Indore and Other v. Sml Ratna Prabha and Others,
[1977) 1SCR1017, on the correct construction of Section 138(b) of the M.P.
D Act. No. other direct decision of this Court is to the contrary. However, the
Division Bench of the High Court in a later case between the very same
parties took a different view on the construction of the same provision
placing reliance on some other decisions of this Court wherein the question
arose for decision in the context of a similar provision in some other statutes
applicable in the other States wherein there was no non-obstante clause as
E in the M.P. Act. The Division Bench took the view that the decision of this
Court in Ratna Prabha (supra) was not binding on it even though it related
to construction of the same provision, namely, Section138(b) of the M.P. Act
since it was in conflict with later decisions of this Court by co-equal Benches
in Dewan Dau/at Rai Kapoor Etc. Etc. v. New Delhi Municipal Committee and
F Another Etc. Etc., [1980) 2 SCR 607 and Dr. BalbirSingh and Ors. Etc. Etc. v.
Municipal Corporation, Delhi and Ors., [1985) 2 SCR 439. Accordingly, it
proceeded on the basis that the decision of this court in Ratna Prabha
(supra) is no longer good law binding on it. This situation gave rise to the
need for a Full Bench to consider the correctness of the view taken by the
Division Bench. The Full Bench has overruled the decision of the Division
G Bench. In our opinion, the Full Bench was right in its view that the decision
of this Court in Ratna Prabha (supra) binds the High Court. There is no
ground to entertain the special leave petition which challenges the decision
of the Full Bench of the High Court.

H The only direct decision of this Court on the construction of Section
t.o.c. v. MUNICIPALCORPN. 249

138(b) of the M.P. Act, with which we are concerned, is Ratna Prabha A
(supra). It referred to the earlier decision in The Corporation of Calcutta
v. Smt. Padma Debi and Others, [1962] 3 SCR 49 and distinguished it on
the ground that Section 127(a) of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act,
1923 on which the decision in Padma Debi (supra) was based, did not
contain a non-obstante clause like that in Section 138(b) of the M.P. Act.
The other earlier decisions of this Court in which construction of similar B
provision in other statutes was ·involved were also referred and distin-

. - guished in Ratna Prabha (supra); and it was then held as under :

"As has been stated, clause (b) of section 138 of the Act
provides that the annual value of any building shall "notwithstand- C
ing anything contained in any other law for the time being in force"
be deemed to be the gross annual rent for which the building might
"reasonably at the time of the assessment be expected to be let
from year to year". While therefore the requirement of the law is
that the reasonable letting value should determine the annual value D
of the building, it has also been specifically provided that this would
be so 'notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the
time being in force". It appears to us that it would be a proper
interpretation of the provisions of clause (b) of section 138 of the
Act to hold that in a case where the standard rent of a building
has been fixed under section 7 of the Madhya Pradesh Aecom- E
modation Control Act, and there is nothing to show that there has
been fraud or collusinn, that would be its reasonable letting value,
but, where this is not so, and the building has never been let out
and is being used in a manner where the question of flXing its
standard rent does not arise, it would be permissible to fix its F
reasonable rent without regard to the provisions of the Madhya
Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961. This view will, in our
opinion, give proper effect to the non-obstante clause in clause (b ),
with due regard to its other provision that the letting value should be
11
reasonable 11•
G
We have gone through the decision in Padma Debi's case
(supra). There the premises were on rent and section 127((a) of
Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act, 1923, did not contain a
non-obstante clause. That the section provided, inter a/ia, was that
the annual value shall be deemed to be the gross annual rent at H
250 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995] 3 S.C.R.

A which the land or building might at the time of assessment
"reasonably be expected to let from year to year." This Court
examined the significance of the word "reasonable" and held that
it would be incongrous to consider fixation of rent beyond the limits
fixed by penal legislation as reasonable. That view was taken with
reference to the provisions of the Rent Control Act which
B penalised the taking of a higher rent, and also made it ir-
recoverable. While, therefore, we are in agreement with the view
taken in Padma Debi's case (supra) that it would not be reasonable
to consider fixation of rent beyand limits fixed by the Rent Control
Act as reasonable, it would not be a proper interpretation of
c section 138(b) to hold that as no standard rent has been fixed so
far in respect of the Viram Lodge, the Municipal Commissioner
was justified in adopting another suitable criterion for determining
th,e annual value of the building. There is in fact nothing in the Act
to ',make it obligatory for the Commissioner to follow the provisions
of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act in spite of the
D
non-obstante clause and to limit the annual value to any standard
rent that the building might fetch under the Act.

xxx xxx xxx

The High Court did not properly appreciate the difference be-
E
tween the wording of section 127 of the Calcutta Municipal Cor-
poration Act, 1923, the section 138(b) of the Act, and committed
an error in thinking that this was virtually similar to Padma Debi's
case. 11

F {at pages 1019-20 of SCR)

(emphasis supplied)

In Dewan Dau/at Rai {Supra), another 3-Judge Bench of this Court
while construing a similar provision in the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911
G referred to the decision in Ratna Prabha (supra) and distingoished it on
the ground that there was no non-obstante clause in the relevant provision
of the Punjab Municipal Act and, therefore, the decision in Ratna Prabha
{supra) had no application. No doubt, i.1 doing so, a reservation was
expressed about the view taken in Ratna l'rabha (supra) on the basis of the
H existence of the non- obstante clause in Section 138(b) of the M.P. Act but
(o.C. v. MUNICIPALCORPN. 251

that cannot have the effect of overruling the decision of this Cdurt in Raina A
Prabha (supra) inasmuch as a later co-equal Bench could not overrule it
and could only refer it for reconsideration to a larger Bench, which it did
not do.

In Dr. Balbir Singh (supra), after pointing out that the relevant B
provisions in the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 and the Punjab
Municipal Act, 1911 were almost identical, the decision in Dewan Dau/at
Rai (supra) was followed by another 3-Judge Bench. No reference was
made therein to the decision of this Court in Ratna Prabha (supra).

Recently, another 3-Judge Bench of this Court in Morvi Municipality C
v. State of Gujarat and Ors., [1993] 2 SCR 803, dealt with the same question
with reference to the provisions of the Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963. It
referred to the earlier decisicns and indicated that the presence of the
non-obstante clause - "notwithstanding anything contained in any other
law",- in Section 138(b) of the M.P. Act distinguished the decision of this D
Court in Ratna Prabha (supra); and since in the Gujarat act there was not.
such non-obstante clause that decision had no application to the Gujarat
;
Act.
:t
It is thus clear that the decision of this Court in Ratna Prabha (supra)
E
on the construction of Section 138(b) of the M.P. Act has all along been
understood and justified on the basis of the presence of the non-obs'ante
clause in Section 138(b) of the M.P. Act and the later decisions have
distinguished it on that ground. That is the basis on which the decision in
Padma Debi (supra) was distinguished in Ratna Prabha (supra) itself. It is
also obvious that a Bench of 3- Judges only in the later decis;on; et,.1Jd not
F
overrule the decision of this Court in Ratna Prabha, [1977] 1 SCR 1017
and, therefore, none of the later decisions could be so read to have that
effect. The Division Bench of the High Court in 1989 MPLJ 20 was clearly
in error in taking the view that the decision of this Court in Ratna Prabha
(supra) was not binding on it., In Joing so, the Division Bench of the High G
Court did something which even a later co-equal Bench of this Court did
not and could not do. The view taken by the Division Bench of the High
Court in 1989 MPLJ 20 proceeds on a total misunderstanding of the law
of precedents and Article 141 of the Constitution of India, to which it
referred. But for the fact that the view of the Division Bench of the High H
252 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) 3 S.C.R.

A Court proceeds on a misapprehensions of the law of precedents and
Article 141 of the Constitution, it would be exposed to the criticism of an
aberration in judicial discipline. The decision of the Division Bench of the
High. Court was, therefore, rightly overruled by the full Bench in the
impugned judgment.
B The other submission of the learned Additional Solicitor General is
a plea for reconsideration of the decision of this Court in Ratna Prabha,
[1977) 1 SCR 1017, which can arise only in this Court and was not avrulable
in the High Court. The decision in Raina Prabha (supra), the only direct
decision of this Court on the construction of Section 138(b) of the M.P.
C Act has held the field for a long time and has formed the basis of
assessment of the annual value in the State of Madhya Pradesh since then.
That decis.ion is based on the presence of the non· obstante clause in the
M.P. Act and distinguished the earlier large Bench decision in Padma
Debi, (supra) on that ground. There can be no doubt that the view taken
D by this Court inRatna Prabha (supra) is a reasonably permissible construc-
tion of Section 138(b) of the M.P. Act. In the later decisions of this Court,
Ratna Prabha (supra) was invariably distinguished and not referred for
reconsideration by a larger Bench. There is thus no ground now for
reconsideration of the decision in Ratna Prabha (supra).
E
In The Keshav Mills Co. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Income- tax, Bombay
North, [1965) 2 SCR 908, the correct approach in this behalf was indicated
-as under:-

"........ In exercising this inherent power, however, this Court would
F naturally like to impose certain reasonable limitations and would
be reluctant to entertrun pleas for the reconsideration and revision
of its earlier decisions, unless it is satisfied that there are compelling
and substantial reasons to do so.. ...... When it is urged that the
view already taken by this Court should be reviewed and revised
G it may not necessarily be an adequate reason for such review and
revision to hold that though the earlier view is a reasonably possible
view, the alternative view which is pressed on the subsequent
occasion is more reasonable. In reviewing and revising its earlier
decision, this Court should ask itself whether in the interests of the
H public goods or for any other valid and compulsive reasons, it is
1.0.C. v. MUNICIPALCORPN. 253

necessary that the earlier decision should be revised. ....... " A
(at page 921 of SCR)

(emphasis supplied)

Iu our opinion, the test indicated in Keshav Mills (supra) for recon- B
sideration of a decision of this court is not satisfied in the present case and,
therefore, we are unable to entertain the plea for reconsideration of the
decision in Ratna Prabha.
The special leave petition is, therefore, dismissed for the above
reasons. c
A.S. Petition dismissed.

_(