Holding

A short FIR delay, non‑explanation of minor injuries, and testimony of related witnesses do not invalidate the conviction; the appeal is dismissed.

Summary

Hari, the appellant, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for murdering his cousin Khemsingh and sentenced to life imprisonment, with a co‑accused also convicted under Section 324. The appellant challenged the conviction on three grounds: a delay of a few hours in lodging the FIR, the prosecution’s failure to explain injuries sustained by the accused, and the fact that the key eyewitnesses were relatives of the deceased. The Supreme Court held that a short delay in filing the FIR, made to provide urgent medical care, does not vitiate the prosecution case; the non‑explanation of the accused’s injuries does not affect the case where the evidence is clear and the injuries are minor; and testimony of relatives can be relied upon if it is consistent and credible. The Court also clarified that in a State’s appeal where both the trial court and High Court have concurred on guilt, the appellate court reviews for error, not merely for possibility. Consequently, the appeal was dismissed and the convictions upheld.

Issues considered

The effect of a short delay in lodging the FIR on the validity of the prosecution case.
The impact of the prosecution’s failure to explain injuries on the accused persons.
The admissibility and reliability of eyewitness testimony when the witnesses are relatives of the victim.
The standard of review in a State’s appeal against conviction where there are concurrent findings of guilt by lower courts.

Legislation cited

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973s. 428
Indian Penal Code, 1860s. 147, s. 148, s. 149, s. 302, s. 307, s. 324, s. 504

Subjects

murderFIR delayeyewitness testimonyrelated witnessesinjury explanationappeal against convictionIndian Penal CodeCriminal Procedure Codeevidentiary assessment

Judgment

[2ob'9]4 §:C~R'.~f012

A HARi
V. ...
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1

Criminal Appeal No. 669 of 2007
MARCH 23, 2009
B
[S.B.SINHA AND ASOK KUMAR GANGULY, JJ]
Penal Code, 1860: s.302 -Appeal against conviction -
Plea of delay in lodging FIR, non-explanation of injuries on
accused and eye-witnesses being related - Held: Police did .
c not lodge FIR immediately and gave greater attention to
'fo

ensure prompt treatment to injured persons - Therefore, delay
of few hours would not vitiate prosecution case - Accused
never brought on record nature of injuries sustained by them
- In the absence of injury report and in view of the facts, it
D cannot be urged that prosecution tried to suppress the genesis
of the case - Deceased was cousin of accused - Occurrence
took place within the house at the instance of close relatives "" -
and therefore relations were likely to be most appropriate
witnesses- Concurrent findings of guilt by courts below against
E the accused do not warrant interference - FIR - Evidence -
Related witness.
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, 1950:
Article 136 - Consideration weighing with Supreme Court --! ...
while deciding State's appeal against acquittal by High Court
F
vis-a-vis concurrent findings by courts below about guilt of
accused - Held: In a case leading to an appeal against
acquittal, Court is to consider whether the view taken by the
High Court was possible - But that is not the position where
there are concurrent findings of guilt against the appellant -
G Criminal Law.

Prosecution case was that appellant and accused 2 .. "
came to the house of complainant and assaulted his
father and brother with a knife. Due to knife blow,
H 1012
HARi V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1013
I
complainant's father died on the spot. The trial court A
~
ordered conviction of appellant and accused 2 under
-t s.302 IPC. High Court affirmed the same.
In the instant appeal, it was contended for the
appellant that there was delay in lodging FIR; that the
B
injuries on the accused persons were not explained; and
that the eyewitnesses were relatives and their evidence
was not reliable.

-'\
Dismissing the appeal, the Court
"' HELD : 1. In so far as the delay in lodging the FIR c
was concerned, High Court came to a conclusion that PW1
went to the police station with PW2 immediately after the
incident and there was nothing wrong on the part of the
police in giving greater attention to ensure prompt
treatment to the injured person and in not lodging the FIR D
,~ ,._ immediately. There was thus a delay of few hours but this
would not vitiate the prosecution case, rather this was
consistent with normal human conduct. It would be the
effort of everyone to try to first save the life of a severely
injured person rather than spend time in anything E
else.[Para 19] (1020-C-E]
2. So far as injuries on the accused persons were
.,... ~
concerned, it was recorded by High Court that accused
persons never brought on record the nature of injuries
F
sustained by them. No injury certificates were produced.
PW1 did not dispute that there was counter case which
was registered against them and the same was pending
in the Sessions Court. PW12 also admitted that two of the
accused persons who were acquitted sustained injuries
but the nature of injuries were not brought on record. In G
the absence of an injury report and especially in view of
" ~ the facts, it cannot be urged that the prosecution tried to
suppress the genesis of the case. In Lakshmi Singh's
case* no general principles were laid down that non-
explanation of injury on accused person shall in all cases H
,...
r
1014 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2009] 4 S.C.R.
..
A vitiate the prosecution case. It depends on the facts.[Paras
20, 31] [1020-F-H; 1021-A; 1024-E-F]
t
*Lakshmi Singh and Ors. v. State of Bihar (1976) 4 SCC
394; State of Rajasthan v. Rajendra Singh - AIR (1998) SC
2554 - Distinguished.
B
State of Gujarat v. Bai Fatima and Anr (1975) 2 SCC 7 -
relied on.
3. Both the trial court and the High Court found that
the presence of eyewitnesses at the place of occurrence
c was natural and nothing was elicited from them in cross 'f

examination to show that these witnesses were elsewhere
and not where the occurrence took place. It may be true
that all the vital witnesses, namely, PW1, 2 and 8 were
relations of the deceased but that by itself would not
D discredit their evidence. The appellant was the cousin of
the deceased. In such a case, the relations were likely to
-f' -
be the most appropriate witnesses. The occurrence took
ill
place within the house at the instance of the close
relatives and in such a situation, only relatives would be
E the witnesses. Of course, there was some enmity in view
of the land dispute but that by itself can not be a ground
to discard the evidence of the witnesses, who are relatives
when their evidence was cogent and credible. The
evidence of the eye witnesses, namely, PWs 1, 2, and 8 ~ .,....
was considered by the High Court with due caution and
F care before accepting the same. [Paras 18, 21, 23, 27, 29]
[1020-B; 1021-A-B, G-H; 1024-A]
Avtar Singh v. State of Punjab (2006) 12 SCC 524;
Lakshmi Singh and Ors. v. State of Bihar (1976) 4 SCC 394 -
G Distinguished.
Dalip Singh and Ors. v. The State of Punjab AIR 1953 ....
SC 364; Guli Chand and Others v. State of Rajasthan (1974)
3 SCC 698; Masalti and Ors. v. State of Uttar Pradesh AIR
1965 SC 202 and State of Rajasthan v. Teja Ram and others
H (1999) 3 sec
507; Salim Sahab v. State of MP (2007) 1 sec
HARi V STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1015

~ 699 and Bur Singh and Another v. State of Punjab AIR (2009) A
.·~
SC 157 - referred to.
4. It is well known that the considerations which
weigh with this Court in deciding a State's appeal against
an order of acquittal by the High Court are totally different
B
from a case where there are concurrent findings both by
the trial court and the High Court about the guilt of the
appellant. In a case leading to an appeal against acquittal,
,>(
the Court is to consider whether the view taken by the
"" High Court is possible. But that is not the position where
there are concurrent findings of guilt against the appellant. c
[Paras 35, 36] [1025-F-H; 1026-A]
Subramani and Ors. v. State of TN. (2002) 7 SCC 210 -
referred to.

~ i Case Law Reference D /h

(2006) 12 sec 524 Distinguished Para 22
AIR 1953 SC 364 relied on Para 24 ·
(1974) 3 sec 698 relied on Para 25
E
AIR 1965 SC 202 relied on Para 26
_, ~
(1999) 3 sec 507 relied on Para 27
(2001) 1 sec 699 referred to Para 28
AIR (2009) SC 157 F
referred to Para 28
(1976) 4 sec 394 distinguished Para 30
AIR (1998) SC 2554 distinguished Para 35
(1975) 2 sec 1 referred to Para 33 G
>-· +
(2002) 1 sec 21 o referred to Para 37
Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction :Criminal Appeal No. 669
of 2007
From the Judgement and Order dated 07.02.2006 of the H
1016 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009) 4 S.C.R.

A Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Bench at
>
I
Aurangabad in Crl. Appeal No. 523 of 2004. r
Sudhanshu S. Choudhari, Naresh Kumar, for the
Appellants.

B Sushil Karanjkar, Ravindra Keshavrao Adsure, for the
Respondents.

The Judgement of the Court was delivered by

GANGULY, J.
c 1. This appeal has been filed by Hari s/o Mansingh Rathod
impugning the judgment and order of conviction passed by the
Aurangabad Bench of Bombay High Court in Criminal Appeal
No. 523 of 2004.

o 2. The appeal to the High Court was taken from a judgment
dated 20.7.2004 rendered by the First Ad-hoc Additional 1 ~
Sessions Judge, Aurangabad in Sessions Case No. 248 of
2003.
3. Before the Trial Court there were several accused
E persons. The Trial Court in its judgment only convicted the
appellant herein and accused No.2 - Baliram s/o Janu Rathod.

4. Appellant- Hari was convicted for an offence punishable
under Section 302 of Indian Penal Code and was sentenced to
F suffer rigorous imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs.100/
- in default, simple imprisonment for ten days.
5. Accused No.2 - Baliram was convicted for an offence
punishable under Section 324 of the Code and was sentenced
to suffer rigorous imprisonment for three years and to pay a fine
G of Rs.500/- and in default to suffer simple imprisonment for one
month.
6. Both the accused were granted benefit under Section
428 of the Code and they were acquitted of the rest of the
charges.
H
HARi V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1017
[GANGULY, J.]

7. Other accused persons were acquitted of all the A
... ~ charges.
8. The case arises basically out of land dispute and the
prosecution allegations are as follows:
On 9.6.2003 in the morning hours, the complainant Santosh B
- P.W.1 was sitting in front of his house at Parundi-Tada, Tq.
Paithan. His father Khemsingh and brother Gulabsingh were
sitting at a cot in front of their house. At that time, Baliram Rathod
....... and the appellant came to the place. Appellant - Hari assaulted
.,.
the complainant's father with a knife and Baliram Rathod - c
accused No.2 assaulted the complainant's brother Gulabsingh
with a knife. Being so assaulted, the complainant's father and
brother started running but at that time several accused persons
came in front of the complainant's house and started pelting
stones aiming at the complainant's father and brother. Some of D
~- ~ the stones hit complainant's father's head and back. As a result
of the knife blow on the chest of Gulabsingh, there was profuse
bleeding and the injured felt giddy and sat on the ground.
9. Hearing the noises, complainant's mother with some
other persons came to the spot and tried to stop the quarrel. E
10. Due to knife blow, complainant's father died on the

- .. spot. Gulabsingh was taken to the Government Hospital, at
Pachod and was referred to the Ghati Hospital, Aurangabad
for further treatment.
F
11. P.W.12-Shivaji, PSI attached to Rathod Police Station
recorded the complaint of P.W.1 -Santosh on 9.6.2003 and an
offence came to be registered vide Crime No. 67/03. Thereafter,
investigation was carried on and the accused were charged for
committing offences punishable under Sections 302 and 307 r/ G
/'·
* 34 l.P.C. and accused were also alternatively charged for
w
offences under Sections 147, 148, 302, 307 and 504 r/w 149
of the Code.
12. The statement of injured witness P.W.2- Gulabsingh
was recorded. The dead body of Khemsingh was sent for post H
1018 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 4 S.C.R.

A mortem examination which was carried out by P.W.5 - Dr.
Narayan Dhumal, who noticed the following injuries on the body f
of Khemsingh:
i. CLW on (Lt) parietal region of scalp middle region 3
ems x 2 ems x 1 cm. Bleeding present.
B
ii. Incised wound on (Lt) side chest infra auxiliary region
in the midline oblique. Blood oozing through the
wound 2 ems x 1 ems width of the chest wall.
13. PW5 opined that the injuries are ante mortem and on
c internal examination he found that pleura and both the lungs were
, "'

pale. Stab injury was there on the left side of pericardium and
clotted blood was found. There was also a stab injury to the
heart and to the base of left ventricle on lateral part 2 x Yi ems.
and the left ventricle of the heart had been pierced causing
D death. The opinion of PW5 was that the death was due to cardio
respiratory arrest brought about by hemorrhagic shock as a
...
result of stab injury to the left ventricle of the heart. It is clear
therefore, that the injuries which were inflicted on he deceased
are on vital parts namely on the scalp and on the chest which
E pierced the left ventricle of the heart. These injuries are sufficient
to bring the case within Section 302 IPC.

F
14. The learned counsel forthe defence urged that the court
should not have believed the three PWs, whv claimed to be eye
witnesses, namely, PW1, PW2 and PW8 for the reasons that
they are all close relations of the deceased. It has also been
..
-
stated that there is admitted enmity between the parties. The
other ground which was urged is that, there was delay in lodging
the FIR. According to prosecution version, the incident took place
early in the morning hours and the FIR was lodged at 1:30 p.m.
G It was also stated that there are certain injuries on the accused
~ ""
persons, which have not been explained and, therefore, the
genesis of the prosecution has been suppressed and no
reliance shall be placed on the same.

H 15. This Court finds that the High Court has relied on the
HARi V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1019
[GANGULY, J.]
_. ~
evidence of PWs.1, 2 and 8 and has noted that no reliance could A
be placed on the testimony of PWs.9, 10 and 11. In paragraphs
4, 5, 6 and 7 of the High Court judgment, the evidence of PWs1,
2 and 8 have been discussed in detail. PW1 is the first informant
who sated that at about 8:30 a.m. on the day of occurrence, he
was in his house and deceased-Khemsingh and PW2-Gulab B

-·· were also in their house and both of them were sitting on a cot.
Accused No.4, who owns the adjoining house was also sitting
in front of his house on a cot. The deceased asked accused
No.4 to transfer certain land in the name of the deceased.
According to PW1-informant, in the consolidation proceedings c
the land of the family of the deceased was entered in the name
of the accused No.4 and the land of the accused No.4 was
entered in the name of the deceased. As a result of the same, a
~· ~ dispute had cropped up. It also has come in evidence that the
land of the deceased was acquired for construction of dam and D
compensation for the same was not yet received. Therefore,
there was some land dispute between the parties.
16. On the date of the incident, when the deceased and
the accused No.4 were conversing on those lines, the appellant,
E

- ~
who is the cousin of the deceased, came to the spot and inflicted
fatal knife injury on the deceased and PW2 was also inflicted
with an injury by knife by accused No.2 on his chest. As a result
of the fatal knife injury, the deceased died on the spot and PW1
took PW2-Gulab to Ghati Hospital atAurangabad for treatment.
F
In respect of the incident he has lodged a complaint to the police.
In cross examination the evidence of PW1 could not be
discredited. PW2, the brother of PW1 and an injured witness
... ;., i
gave the same version of the incident. He has also stated about
injuries which he received and also the fact that he was taken to
G
hospital by PW1. He was initially taken to Government Hospital
at Pachod and then referred to Ghati Hospital, Aurangabad.
17. PW8 is the wife of PW1 and also claims to be an eye
witness. According to PW8, her father-in-law, Khemsingh and
brother-in-law, who is PW2 and the injured witness, were sitting H
1020 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 4 S.C.R.

.
A I
in a cot in front of their house. She also repeated the same
version which is given by PW1.

18. This Court finds that the evidence of PW1-the informant,
PW2-the injured witness and PWB are virtually consistent in
B unfolding the prosecution case. Both the Trial Court and the High
Court found that the presence of PW1, 2 and 8 at the place of
occurrence was natural and nothing was elicited from them in »-
cross examination to show that these witnesses were elsewhere
and not in the place where the occurrence took place.
c 19. In so far as the delay in lodging the FIR is concerned,
the High Court has dealt with the question in paragraph 12 of
the judgment and has come to the conclusion that immediately
after the incident PW1 went to the police station with PW2 and

D
the Court finds that there is nothing wrong on the part of the
police in not lodging the FIR immediately and in giving greater
·• .
attention to ensure prompt treatment to the injured person. This
has come from the evidence of PW12, P.S.I Shirsath, who
revealed that initially when PW1 went to the police station he
recorded his complainant but the FIR came to be registered on
E the basis of complaint of PW1 at 1:30 p.m. There was thus a
delay of few hours but this does not vitiate the prosecution case, ~ .__
rather this is consistent with normal human conduct. It would be
the effort of everyone to try to first save the life of a severely
injured person rather than spend time in anything else.
F
20. So far as injuries on the accused persons are
concerned, it has been recorded by the High Court that accused
persons never brought on record the nature of injuries sustained

G
by them. The injury certificates were not produced. PW1 has
not disputed that there is counter case which has been • .... ""
registered against them and the same is pending in the
Sessions Court. PW12 has also admitted that two of the accused
persons who were acquitted had sustained injuries but the nature
of injuries has not been brought on record. In the absence of the
H injury report and especially in view of the facts stated
HARi V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1021
[GANGULY, J.]
J.

' hereinabove, it cannot be urged that the prosecution tried to A
suppress the genesis of the case.
21. It may be true that all the vital witnesses, namely, PW1,
2 and 8 are relations of the deceased but that by itself cannot
discredit their evidence. It is a fight between the relations it has
B
come on record that the appellant is the cousin of the deceased.
In such a case, the relations are likely to be the most appropriate
" ·" witnesses.

- 22. Certain decisions have been cited at the Bar which
need to be considered and explained. About appreciation of c
evidence of witnesses who are related to the deceased, learned
counsel for the appellant relied on a decision of this Court in
Avtar Singh Vs. State of Punjab - (2006) 12 SCC 524. In that
case the facts were totally different and it was opined by the
... ~-
learned Jl,ldges, in the peculiar facts of that case, that enmity D
anc;l bad blood between the rival groups was established beyond
doubt. In that case no report was lodged with the police regarding
the occurrence and this Court looked into the evidence and
opined that the story about making an effort to lodge a report
earlier was not true. In that case the nambardar and the
E
chowkidar who were alleged to have accompanied PW 1 to the
_,, t police station were not examined and there was a categoric
denial by PW 6 - Station House Officer about anyone reporting
the incident to him before 4.12.1989. This Court found that the
High Court has not at all noticed the facts. In the background of
those facts, this Court held that proper caution was not exercised
F
by the High Court in appreciating the highly partisan evidence
adduced by the prosecution.
23. But in the instant case, the factual scenario is totally
;. i
different. Here the occurrence took place within the house at G
the instance of the close relatives and in such a situation only
relatives would be the witnesses. Of course, in the present case
also there was some enmity in view of the land dispute but that
.. --by itself is not a ground to discard the evidence of the witnesses,
who are relatives when their evidence is cogent and credible. H
1022 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 4 S.C.R

~

A Factually, the decision of this Court in Avtar Singh (supra) stands t
on a completely different footing.
24. On the question of appreciating the evidence of
witnesses, who are related, this Court in Oalip Singh and Ors.
Vs. The State of Punjab - AIR 1953 SC 364, spoke very
B
eloquently through Justice Vivian Bose. In that case the learned
Judge clearly laid down the law relating to appreciation of
evidence by relations with such lucidity that it deserves to be I.

c
quoted:

"26 .... Ordinarily, a close relation would be the last to screen
the real culprit and falsely implicate an innocent person. It
is true, when feelings run high and there is personal cause
-
for enmity, that here is a tendency to drag in an innocent
person against whom a witness has a grudge along with
D the guilty, but foundation must be laid for such a criticism ~ ...
and the mere fact of relationship far from being a
foundation is often a sure guarantee of truth. However, we
are not attempting any sweeping generalisation. Each
case must be judged on its own facts. Our observations
are only made to combat what is so often put forward in
E
cases before us as a general rule of prudence. There is
no such general rule. Each case must be limited to and be
governed by its own facts."
~ '"'.

25. The principle laid down in the aforesaid passage has
F been subsequently reiterated by this Court in Guli Chand and
Others Vs. State of Rajasthan - (1974) 3 SCC 698. Justice
Beg, as His Lordship then was, quoted the said passage in
para No. 11 of the said report.
26. The said principle was also followed by a Constitution
G Bench of this Court in Masa/ti and Ors. Vs. State of Uttar
• "
Prades/1-AIR 1965 SC 202. The Constitution Bench speaking
through Chief Justice Gajendratgadkar approved the decision
in the case of Dalip Singh (supra) and held as under:
"14 ..... But it would, we think, be unreasonable to contend
H
HARi V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1023
[GANGULY, J.]
.....
~ that evidence given by witnesses should be discarded A
only on the ground that it is evidence of partisan or
interested witnesses. Often enough, where factions prevail
in villages and murders are committed as a result of enmity
between such factions, criminal Courts have to deal with
evidence of a partisan type. The mechanical rejection of B
such evidence on the sole ground that it is partisan would
invariably lead to failure of justice. No hard and fast rule
• .>\
i can be laid down as to how much evidence should be
appreciated. Judicial approach has to be cautious in
dealing with such evidence; but the plea that such evidence c
should be rejected because it is partisan cannot be
accepted as correct."

27. Justice Thomas, speaking for this Court, in the case

- }
of State of Rajasthan Vs. Teja Ram and others - (1999) 3
sec 507, held that over insistence on witnesses having no D
relation with the victim will result in the criminal justice system
going awry. In para 20, the learned Judge held that when any
incident happens in a dwelling house, the most natural witnesses
would be the inmates of the house and in such a situation "it is
unpragmatic to ignore such natural witnesses and insist on E
outsiders who would not have even seen anything". The learned
_, ~ Judge further clarified; 'The prosecution can be expected to
examine only those who have witnessed the events and not
those who have not seen it though the neighborhood may be
replete with other residents also'. The aforesaid observation F
fits in with the fact situation in this case in as much as the incident
took place within the precincts of the house of the deceased
and the relations are the only natural witnesses.

-.. + 28. Again in Salim Sahab Vs. State of MP - (2007) 1
SCC 699, this Court extracted the above passage in Dalip Singh G
(supra) in paragraph No.12 of the report. The ratio in Dalip Singh
(supra) has been reiterated by this Court very recently in Bur
Singh and another Vs. State ofPunjab -AIR 2009 SC 157, in
para 7 of the report.
H
1024 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 4 S.C.R.

...
A 29. We find that in the instant case, the evidence of the I
eye witnesses. namely, P.W.s 1, 2, and 8 has been considered
by the High Court with due caution and care before accepting
the same. Therefore, we cannot accept the contention of the
learned counsel for the appellant that the evidence of the
B aforesaid eye witnesses should be rejected just because they
are related to the deceased.

30. On the other question, namely, non-explanation of injury 1' '"'
on the accused persons, learned counsel for the appellant has
cited a decision in Lakshmi Singh and Ors. Vs. State of Bihar
c - (1976) 4 SCC 394. In the said case, this Court while laying ii
down the principle that the prosecution has a duty to explain the
injuries on the person of an accused held that non-explanation
assumes considerable importance where the evidence consists
of interested witnesses and the defence gives a version which f -
D competes in probability with that of the prosecution case.

31. But while laying down the aforesaid principle, learned
Judges in paragraph 12 held that there are cases where the
non-explanation of the injuries by the prosecution may not affect
the prosecution case. This would "apply to cases where the
E
injuries sustained by the accused are minor and superficial or
where the evidence is so clear and cogent, so independent and
disinterested, so probable, consistent and creditworthy, that it
4 ....
far outweighs the effect of the omission on the part of the
prosecution to explain the injuries." Therefore, no general
F principles have been laid down that non-explanation of injury on
accused person shall in all cases vitiate the prosecution case.
It depends on the facts and the case in hand falls within the
exception mentioned in paragraph 12 in Lakshmi Singh (supra).

G 32. In the instant case no defence plea has been put up.
Apart from that the High Court found that the defence did r;iot
~
---
bring on record the injury report and the nature of injuries was
not made known to the Court.
33. Therefore, the ratio in Lakshmi Singh (supra) is not
H attracted in the instant case. In this context, this Court may refer
HARi V. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA 1025
[GANGULY, J.]
...
\ to the decision of this Court in State of Gujarat Vs. Bai Fatima A
and Anr -(1975) 2 SCC 7, which has been followed in Lakshmi
(supra). In Bai Fatima (supra), learned Judges have laid down
the following principle in paragraph 17, which is quoted below:
"17. In a situation like this when the prosecution fails to
B
explain the injuries on the person of an accused,
depending on the facts of each case, any of the three
.... results may follow:
~

( 1) That the accused had inflicted the injuries on the
members of the prosecution party in exercise of the right c
of self-defence.
(2) It makes the prosecution version of the occurrence
doubtful and the charge against the accused cannot be
- ~- held to have been proved beyond reasonable doubt.
D
(3) It does not affect the prosecution case at all."
34. In the opening words of the aforesaid paragraph 17,
learned Judges were thinking of a case where private defence
was pleaded. In the instant case, no plea of private defence
was taken. So here and especially when the injury report is not E
on record, the third "result" pointed in Bai Fatima (supra) would
j ~ apply.
35. On the aforesaid point, learned counsel for the
appellant relied on a decision of this Court in State of Rajasthan
F
Vs. Rajendra Singh - AIR 1998 SC 2554. In that case, this
Court was considering the State's appeal against an order of
acquittal. It is well known that the considerations which weigh

-. t
with this Court in deciding a State's appeal against an order of
acquittal by the High Court are totally different from a case where
there are a concurrent findings both by the Trial Court and the G
High Court about the guilt of the appellant. 1
36. In a case leading to an appeal against acquittal, the
Court is to consider whether the view taken by the High Court is
;r-
a possible view. But that is not the position in a case like the H
1026 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009] 4 S.C.R.
..
J
A present one where there are concurrent findings of guilt against
the appellant. Therefore, the decision in Rajendra Singh (supra)
has to be considered in the facts of that case.
37. On this point, reliance was also placed by the learned
counsel for the appellant on a decision of this Court in
8
Subramani and Ors. Vs. State of T.N. - (2002) 7 SCC 210. In
that case plea of right of defence was taken and the Court while ..
considering the said plea laid importance on the failure of the
prosecution to explain the injuries. In that case the Court held
as under:
c
"26 ..... though the appellants had suffered injuries on vital
parts of the body, even though simple, the prosecution
failed to give any explanation for such injuries. We are not
persuaded to accept the submission of learned counsel .f -
D for the State that the injuries being simple, the prosecution
was not obliged to give any explanation for the same.
Having regard to the facts of the case the omission on the
part of the prosecution to explain the injuries on the person
of the accused may give rise to the inference that the
prosecution is guilty of suppressing the genesis and the
E
origin of the occurrence and had thus not presented the
true version .... " 4-
38. In the instant case, those considerations are not
present. Private defence is not pleaded and virtually could not
F be pleaded in the facts of this case and the injury report was not
brought on record.
39. For the reasons aforesaid, this Court does not find
that any error was committed by the High Court in affirming the
judgment of conviction passed by the Trial Court. There is no
G merit in the appeal, which is dismissed accordingly.

D.G. Appeal dismissed.

H