HARDEIversusSTATE OF U.P.

                        [2016] 2 S.C.R.881



                             HARD EI                                    A
                                 v.
                          STATE OF U.P.
                 (Criminal Appeal No. 186of2016)
                         MARCH 30,'2016                                 13
       [DIPAK MISRA AND SHIVA KIRT! SINGH, JJ.]
       Code ofCriminalProcedure,1973: s.319- Power to proceed
against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence -
Summoning order - Cri111inal proceedings against two persons
alleged to have embezzled huge amount from official account of
                                                                        c
MNREGA scheme - After examination of some witnesses, an
application uls.319 filed by prosecution - It was urged in the
application that involvement of Block Development Officer and
appellant, the then Block Pramukh of Panchayat had emerged -
Magistrate held that prima facie offence was made out against both      D
the proposed accused and allowed.s.319 application - High Court
affirmed the order of Magistrate - On appeal, held: It is well
accepted thal in criminal juri.1prude11ce FI.R. may not contain all
the details of the occurrence or even the names of all the accused -
It is not' expected ta be an encyclopedia evm offacts already known     E
- The fact that Police chose not to send up a suspect to face trial
does not affect power of the trial court uls. 319 to sw111i10n such a
person on account of evidence recorded during trial -,- This is the
factual scenario in the case at hand also - It would not be proper
to deal with detailed merits of the prosecution case or the defence     F
c~se at this juncture - Hence while dismissing the appeal, it is made
clear. that the observations made in the impugned orders or this
order shall not have any adverse effect on the case of either of the
parties.
      Dismissing the appeal, the Court.                                 G
      HELD: It is well accepted in criminal jurisprudence that
F.I.R. may not contain all the details of the occnrrence or even
the names of all the accused. It is not expected to be an
encyclopedia even of facts already known. ThHc ure varieties of
                                                                        H
                                881
882             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                      [2016] 2 S.C.R.


A     crimes and by their very nature, details of some crimes can be
      unfolded only by a detailed and expert investigation. This is more
      true in crimes involving conspiracy, economic offences or cases
      not founded on eye witness accounts. The fact that Police chose
      not to send up a suspect to face trial does not affect power of the
 B    trial court under Section 319 of the Cr.P.C. to summon such a
      person on account of evidence recorded during trial. This is the
      factual scenario in the case at hand also. It would not be proper
      to deal with detailed merits of the prosecution case or the defence
      case at this juncture. The appellant shall be at liberty to take all
 c    the defence available to her, in accorda.nce with law, in course of
      the trial. [Paras 9, 10) [884-H; 885-A-D)
              CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 186 of
      2016.
            From the Judgment and Order dated 29.01.2014 of the High Court
 D    of Judicature at Allahabad in Criminal Revision No. 2554 of2013.
            R. K. Kapoor, Ms. Rekha Giri, Ms. Kheyali Sarkar, Rajat Kapoor,
      Ms. Shweta Kapoor, Sovind Kaushik, Anis Ahmed Khan, Advs. for the
      Appellant.
 E          Garvesh Kabra, Abhishek Chaudhary, Utkarsh Jaiswal, Advs. for
      the Respondent.
              The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
         SHIVA KIRTI SINGH, J. I. This appeal is directed against
   order dated 29.01.2014 by the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at
 F Allahabad dismissing Criminal Revision No.2554/2013 preferred by the
   appellant seeking relief against order dated 09.07.2013 passed by the
   Chief Judicial Magistrate, Amroha, the trial Court, summoning the
   appellant, in exercise of power under Section 319, Code of Criminal
   Procedure, to face trial in Sessions Trial No.9191 of 2010 (State Vs.
 G Omkar& Ors.) arising out of Case Crime No.1364 of2010 under Sections
   420/467/468/4711409, !PC pertaining to Police StationAmadpur, District
   Amroha, Uttar Pradesh.
            2. Before adverting to the rival submissions, the relevant facts
      may be noted in brief. The FIR bearing No. 53 of 2010 leading to this
 H    case was lodged on 2om July 2010 by R.D. Sharma, the Project Director
      HARDEi v. STATE OF U.P. [SHIVA KIRT! SINGH, J.]                       883



of a scheme under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rurnl Employment              A
Guarantee Act (hereinafter referred to as 'MNREGA' Scheme). One
Rahul Yadav, a Junior Clerk in the Amroha Block Office and one Omkar
Singh were named as accused with allegation that they had, as per enquiry
report, prima facie embezzled an amount to the tune ofRs.49 Lacs from
official account for the MNREGA Scheme, thereby attracting offence          B
under Section 409 IPC.
       3. In the Special Leave Petition there is reference to another FIR
bearing No. 50 of 2010 dated 16'' July, 2010 lodged by one Mr.
Muneshwar Singh, Block Development Officer, Gangeshwari, (J.P.
Nagar). In this FIR the same Rahul Yadav, Junior Clerk alone has been C
named as an accused with allegation of cheating and embezzlement in
respect of an amount of Rs.25 lacs of MNREGA. However, in course
of further hearing it was made clear by learned counsel for the appellant
that the present proceeding does not arise from this FIR and the whole
purpose of annexing a copy of this FIR was to draw attention of this ... D
Coutt to allegations to the affect that the appellant although signed cheques
for withdrawal of money from MNREGA account, she was innocent
and had been cheated by Rahul Yadav.
     . !! .. The written notes of arguments on behalfofthe appellant also
clarify that the instant proceedings arise only out of FIR No. 53of2010   E
leading to Crime No. 1364of2010. TI1e first charge-sheet dated 3.10.2010
was only against Omkar Singh and the other was filed subsequently '· ·
against accused Rahul Yadav, after he surrendered.
       5. The criminal case progressed as Trial No. 9191 of 2010 and
after some witnesses had been examined, an application under Section         F
319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was filed by the Prosecution on
4. 7.2013. The application discloses thatthe case was fixed for evidence
and prosecution had already examined five witnesses including PW-I,
R.D. Sharma. On the basis of evidence of prosecution witnesses
                                                                                  i.
recorded in the course of trial, it was urged in the application that       G
involvement ofMuneshwar Singh, the then Block Development Officer
and the appellant Smt. Hardei, the then Block Pramukh of Kshetra
Panchayat, Gangeshwari had emerged and such materials were also
available in the statement of concerned witnesses recorded under Section
161 of Criminal Procedure Code. The prayer to summon both of them
                                                                            H
884            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2016] 2 S.C.R.



A     under Section 319 Cr.P.C. was considered by the learned Chief Judicial
      Magistrate, Amroha. He, afternoticing in particular the statement made
      by R.D. Sharma as P. W. I, came to the conclusion that prima facie
      offence was made against both the proposed accused and hence the
      application was allowed by order passed on 9'" July, 2013. As already
B     noticed, the High Court affirmed the order of the Magistrate by rejecting
      Criminal Revision preferred by the appellant on 29.1.2014 and that order
      has given rise to the present appeal.
            6. Mr. R. K . Kapoor, learned counsel for the appellant has relied
      heavily upon the fact that the appellant was not named as an accused in
 C    the FIR nor any charge-sheet was submitted against her after completion
      ofinvestigation. He further submitted that the amount has been embezzled
      mainly by accused Rahul Yadav and Omkar Singh and therefore, the
      defence of the appellant that she was illiterate lady who does not know
      even to sign much less reading or writing should have been accepted by
 0    the Magistrate and the High Court. It was pointed out that in the FIR
      lodged by co-accused Muneshwar Singh against Rahul Yadav, the
      defence of the appellant was clearly spelt out.
             7. Learned counsel for tbe State of U.P.; on the other hand
      supported the summoning order of Chief Judicial Magistrate as well as
 E    the order under appeal by the High Court. According to him, there is no
      denial of the fact that along with Muneshwar Singh, this appellant was
      the co-signatory and only with their signatures money could be withdrawn
      from the MN REGA account; therefore, in such a situation the statement
      emerging from the deposition of the complainant/informant R.D. Sharma,
      P. W.1 that amounts used to be withdrawn jointly by the appellant and
 F
      the Muneshwar Si.ngh, the Block Development Officer and hence they
      arc also answerable for the embezzlement of the concerned amount
      could not have been ignored atthe present stage in anticipation of defence
      of the appellant that she is illiterate and cannot sign her name and that
      she was duped or cheated by co-accused Rahul Yadav.
 G
            8. Having given our anxious consideration to the rival submissions,
      we find no good reason to interfere with the order under appeal.
            9. It is well accepted in criminal jurisprudence that F.l.R. may not
      contain all the details of the occurrence or even the names of all the
 H    accused. It is not expected to be an encyclopedia even of facts already
      HARDEi v. STATE OF U.P. [SHIVA KIRT! SINGH, J.]                           885



known. There are varities of crimes and by their very nature, details of         A
some crimes can be unfolded only by a detailed and expert investigation.
This is more true in crimes involving conspiracy, economic offences or
cases not founded on eye witness accounts. The fact that Police chose
not to send up a suspect to face trial does not affect power of the trial
court under Section 319 of the Cr.P.C. to summon such a person on                B
account of evideffce recorded during trial. This is the factual scenario in
the case at hand also.
       I 0. 1t would not be proper for us to deal with detailed merits of the
prosecution case or the defence case at this juncture. Hence, while
dismissing the appeal, we make it clear that the observations made in            c
the impugned orders or this order shall not have any adverse effect on
the case of either of the parties. It is also made clear that the appellant
shall be at liberty to take all the defence available to her, in accordance
with law, in course of the trial. The appeal stands dismissed with the
aforesaid observations.                                                          D
Devika Gujral                                               Appeal di~~i~sed.