HADIBANDHU RAUTARAO AND ORS ETC. ETC.versusSTATE OF ORISSA AND ORS. ETC. ETC.

     81()

             HADIBANDHU RAUTARAO AND ORS ETC. llTC.
A
                                                                                       <
                                           v.

                   STATE OF ORISSA AND ORS. ETC. ETC.

B                                      July 1, 1985

                     [Y.V. CHANDRACHUD, CJ .. R.S. PATHAK AND
                            SABYASACHI MUKHARJI, JJ.j


            Constiturion of India, Article 32-Admission to Post Graduale courses in
c   medical colleges-Substantial change in the scheme of granting admissions to Post
    Grad..·ate Courses-Whether constitutes illfringement of fundamental right to
    ad1nission-Sche1ne formulated.

            Until the academic session 1978-79, the Post Graduate t\ledical course
    in the State of Orissa was envisaged as a course of three years duration which
D   period included an appointment for one year on the Resident House Staff.
    Admission to the three year course was made through an Entrance Exami-
    nation, and after completing the Resident House Staff appointment, there was
    no further examination for admission to the Post Graduate course. The scheme
    was changed with effect from the session 1978¥ 79 and the Resident House Stall
    course was delinked from the Post Graduate course. Accordingly, separate
    competitive examinations were prescribed for recruitment to the Resident
E   House Staff and the Post Graduate course. A candidate appearing in the
    entrance examination for Post Graduate course should have passed ·the final
    M.B.B.S. examination, satisfactorily completed the internship, acquired full
    registration and in addition should have completed the Resident House Staff
    term in a subject during one year.


F          The petitioners/medical graduates from the State of Orissa filed writ
    petitions in Supreme. Court challenging the new scheme, under which it became
    necessary for the candidates seeking provisional admission to a Post Graduate
    course to appear again at an examination for such admission after completing
    the Resident House Staff appointment. They contended that under the original
    scheme they were entitled to take the Entrance Examination for recruitn1ent to
    the Resident House Staff at any recognised institution in the country, even
G   though it lay outside the State of Orissa and on completing that course they
    were entitled without more to admission to a Post Graduate Medical course in
    a Medical College in Orissa. Some of the petitioners had already taken the
    examination for recruitment to the Resident House Staff in a Medical College
    in Orissa and successfully completed that course and thiey also objected to the
H   requirement envisaged by the new scheme.


            Disposing of the Writ Petitions, the Court,
                       Ii. !lAUtARAO 1. ORiSSA                             811
      HELD : J. It is consistant with reason and justice that those petitioners
before the Supreme Court who were either pursuant to the relief granted by the     A
High Court or in compliance with interim order n1ade by the Supreme Court,
granted admission to a Post Graduate Medical course and have since compJet·
ed that course and after having appeared in the examination for the academic
year 1981·82 been declared successful, should not be disturbed and should be
allowed the benefit of the success at the examination. Therefofe, these
admissions are affirmed. [815 D·EJ
                                                                                   B
     2. The provisional admission of some of the petitioners to a Post Graduate
course by the Medical Colleges in Orissa in compliance with the interim orders
of this Court made on different dates, should be regarded as an adn1ission of
final validity entitling them to its consequential benefits, since they have
completed the Post Graduate Course. [815 F·GJ
                                                                                   c
      3. There are writ petitions in which this Court directed the provisional
admission of the petitioners but they could not be admitted because of the
non-availablity or seats and in some of the writ petitions no order for
provisional admission of the petitioners bas been made by the Supreme Court.
They arc disposed of as follows :-
                                                                                   D
       Since the scheme respecting admission to the Post Graduate Medical
course has been modified again and the present position, enunciated in the
prospectus for the year 1982M83 is that medical graduates who have
appeared and been selected at the examination for recruitment to the
Resident House Staff are entitled autoinatically, on successfully completing
that term of appointment, to admission to the Post Graduate course, and no         E
Entrance Examination specifically for such examination is now contemplated,
this Court directs that those petitioners who have successfully completed the
term of one year as Resident House Staff in the n1edical Colleges of Orissa
will be entitled without having to appear at any further Entrance Examination
to admission to the relevant Post Graduate course. However, those petitioners
who have completed the term as Resident !louse Staff in approved Medical           F
institutions in India other than the Medical Colleges in Orissa should be
 permitted to appear at the Entrance Examination prescribed for appointment
 to the Resident House Staff, and that if they are successful in the said
 Entrance Examination, they will be entitled to admission to the relevant Post
 Graduate course for the next following session without being oliliged to work
 on the Resident House Staff in the Medical Col Ieges in Orissa. This arrange~
 meat entitling these petitioners to admission to a Post Graduate course without   G
 having to fill a Resident House Staff appointment will obtain only if they
 appear for the entrance examination for appointment as Resident House
Staft'in the same subject in which they claim to have already served as Resident
 House Staff earlier. If, however-and it will be open to them to do so-they
 appear at the entrance examination in a different subject, and are succei;;sful
 therein they shall be obliged to serve for the stipulated term in a Resident      H
 House Staff appointment in relation to that subject before being entitled, of
 the completion of that term, to admission in the corresponding Post Graduate
  course. [816A; 819 C·E; 817 A-DJ
    8i2                 SUPlllOO! Col1RT llBPORTS       tl98S] SUPPL. t.c.ll.

           ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition No. 1756 of 1981 etc.
A   etc.

           Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India.

         G.L. Sanghi, V.M. Tarkunde, B.P. Maheshwari, B.P. Singh,
    A.K. Panda, Mrs. Uma Jain, M.A. Firoz, Dr. B.S. Chuahan, J.R. Das,
B   M.C. Dhingra, Ambrish Kumar, R.B.B. Ray, V.B. Joshi,
    B. Parthasarthi and C.S.S. Rao for the appearing Petitioners.

           R.N. Keshwani for the Respondent Nos. 3 to 10.

C        M.K. Banerjee, Additional Solicitor General. D.P. Mahapatra
    and R.K. Mehta for the Respondent. (State of Orissa)

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

D         PATHAK, J: The petitioners are medical graduates who took the
    M. B. B. S. degree in the year 1978 from Medical Colleges in the
    State of Orissa. In the year 1979 they underwent a one year period
    of internship at the Medical Colleges from which they had graduated.
    The petitioners allege that thereafter, having passed the pertinent
    examination for recruitment to the Resident House Staff, they com·
E   pleted tlie one year term of appointment either in the Willingdon
    Hospital, New Delhi, or in the Post Graduate Institute of Medical
    Sciences, Chandigarh. Upon the conclusion of their term on the
    Resident House Staff by the end of the year 1980, the petitioners
    contend that they became entitled to admission to a Post Graduate
F   course at a Medical College in Orissa. The duration of that course,
    according to the petitioners, is two years. The grievance of the
    petitioners is that the Medical Colleges in the State of Orissa have
    new put into force a different scheme, under which it has become
    necessary for candidates seeking admission to a Post Graduate course
    to appear at an examination for such admission after completing the
G   Resident House Staff appointment. The petitioners urge that they
    are not obliged to appear at any such examination and are entitled
    as of right to admission in the Post Graduate course.


H        It appears that until the academic session 1978-79 the Post
    Graduate course was envisaged as a course of three years duration,
    which period included an appointment for one year on the Resident
    House Staff. Admission to the three year course was made through
               H. RAUTARAO J. OR!SSA (Pathak, J.}                   813

an Entrance Examination, and after completing the Resident House
Staff appointment there was no further examination for admission           A
to the Post Graduate course. The scheme was changed with effect
from the session 1978-79, purportedly to give effect to the
recommendation of the Indian Medical Council that the Resident
House Staff course should be delinked from the Post Graduate course.
Accordingly, two separate Prospectuses were envisaged, one for the         B
Resident House Staff course and the other for the Post Graduate
course. A competitive examination was held for recruitment to the
Resident House Staff, and all candidates who bad passed the final
M.B.B.S. examination and bad completed their Compulsory
Rotating Internship and had obtained full regi&tration were eligible
to appearat that competitive examination. There was a separate             c
entrance examination for admission to the Post Graduate Coures.
A candidate appearing thereat should have passed the final M.B.B.S.
examination, satisfactorily completed the internship, acquired full
registration and in addition should have completed the Resident
House Staff term in a subject during one year. It appears that in
                                                                           D
some subjects, where there was a dearth of candidates and the posts
in the colleges were not being filled in, it was convenient to prescribe
only one examination, the entrance examination for recruitment to
the Resident House Staff, and in those subjects the second entrance
examination specifically intended for the post Graduate course was
not prescribed. The students in those subjects, on completing the          E
one years Resident House Staff appointment, were automatically
 admitted to the Post Graduate course.

       These changes evidently c~used considerable dismay among
 those medical graduates who bad already taken the M.B.B.S.                F
 degree from a Medical College in Orissa and had embarked on a
 course of conduct, consistent with the terms of the original scheme,
 which would suffice to secure them admission to a Post Graduate
course in the Medical colleges of Orissa. The petitioners say that
 under the original scheme they were entitled to take the entrance
examination for recuitment to the Resident House Staff at any              G
recognised institution in the country, even though it lay outside the
State of Orissa, and on completing that course they were entitled
without more to admission to a Post Garduate Medical Course
in a Medical College in Orissa. There were also students
who had taken the examination for recruitment to the Resident              H
House Staff in a Medical College in Orissa and bad success-
fully completed that course, and they objected to the
    814                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS   [1985) SUPPL. s.c.R.

    requirement envisaged by th' new scheme that they should appear
A   for a separate entrance examination for admission to a Post Graduate
    course in the Medical Colleges of the State. This discontent among
    the Medical Graduate body led to litigation in the High Court of
    Orissa. Eight medical graduates, who had taken the M. B. B. S.
    degree at a Medical College in Orissa, had completed the period of
    internship and thereafter had also completed a period of one year on
B
    the Resident House Staff in Medical Colleges in Orissa, filed a writ
    petition, Dr. Sidhartha Das & Orhers v. State of Orissa, (1)
    challenging the validity of the requirement in the Prospectus for the
    year J978-79 requiring candidates for admis,ion to a Post Graduate
    course in certain subjects to appear at an enterance examination for
c   that purpose. On March 5, 1981, the High Court allowed the writ
    petition and directed the respondents to permit those petitioners to
    enter upon the relevant Post Graduate course without any further
    entrance examination. In compliance with the judgment and order
    of the High Court all the eight petitioners were admitted to the Post
    Graduate course desired by them.
D
           A number of other writ petitions were filed in the High Court
    by medical graduates but they were opposed on the ground that
    those petitioners had been admitted to Resident House Staff
    appointments under the Prospectus for the year 1978-79 and,
E   therefore. they were obliged to appear for the second selection
    examination. It was pointed out that they formed a different class
    from the medical graduates who bad succeeded in the earlier writ
    petition and were, therefore, not entitled to the benefit of the
    decision concluding that case. The High Court declined to enter
F   into the merits of the controversy because it was found that even if
    relief was granted there were no seats available for accommodating
    those petitioners.

          The hearing in the present cases was marked by much learned
G   argument on the part of counsel for the petitioners and the
    Additional Solicitor General of India appearing for the State of
    Orissa. The respondent Universities, the Bebrampur University,
    the Sambalpur University and the Utkal University bad been served
    with notice but did not enter appearance. During the hearing it
H   became evident that a proper solution of the controversy lay not in


          (1) A.I.R. 1981 Orissa 97.
              H. P.AUTARAO v. ORISSA (Pathak, J.)                 815

an adjudication on the merits of the points raised thereby but in
formulating a scheme designed and defined by the equitable realities     A
of the situation. In appreciation of this perspective, learned counsel
suggested several alternatives. After carefully weighing them, we
propose to dispose of the cases before us in the following
terms.
                                                                         8
     The petitioners in these cases can be classified into four
groups.

      Groups A consists of Writ Petitions Nos 2756, 2829, 3782 and
4489 of 1981 etc. The medical graduates in all these cases consist
of petitioners who either pursuant to the relief granted by the High
                                                                         c
Court or in compliance with interim orders made by this Court
were granted admission to a Post Graduate Medical course and have
since completed that course, and after having appeared in the
exmination for the academic year 1981·82 they have been declared
successful. It is consistent with reason and justice that they should    D
not be disturbed and should be allowed the benefit of their success
at the examination. Accordingly, we direct that while the admission
of the medical graduates made in compliance with the order dated
March 5, 1981 of the High Court is affirmed the interim orders
made by this Court in other cases directing the provisional admis,ion    E
of the petitioners therin should now be translated into a final order
disposing of the writ petitions and giving final legal status to their
admission.


       Group B consists of Writ Petitions Nos. 2692, 3863, and           F
7031 of 1981 and 2237 of 1982. etc. This group consists of medical
gradnates who were granted provisional admission to a Post
Graduate course by the Medical Colleges in Orissa in compliance
with the interim orders of this Court made on different dates. We
are informed that the petitioners have completed the Post Graduate
course and in the circumstances we are not inclined to disturb           G
their admission. We direct that the provisional admission of those
petitioners should be regarded as an admission of final validity
entitling them to its consequential benefits.

                                                                         H
     Group C consists of Writ Petitions Nos. 4356, 4357·58, 5013,
5014-16, 5037-38, 5039-40, 5103-04, 5109-10, 5460-64, 5457-59,
5483-84 of 1982 etc. They ~re cases in which this Court directed
     816                  SUPREME COURT RBPORTS        (1985] SUPPL. s.c.1..

    the provisional admission of the petitioners, but the petitioners could
A   not be admitted because of the· non-availability of scats. Indeed, an
    application has been filed by the respondents for recalling the order
    directing provisional admission.

         Group D consist of Writ Petitions Nos. 5505, 5629, 5630·34
B   5635-36, 5692-93, 6492, 6803, 8029, 9348, 9349, and Transfer Petition
    No. 195 of 1982 etc. They are cases where no order for provisional
    admission of the petitioners bas been made by this Court.

            In regard to groups C and D there was considerable debate
c    between learned counsel for the parties on whether any relief was
     admissible in favour of the petitioners comprising these two groups
     and, if at all, what should be the nature and content of such relief.
     It is admitted, however, by the learned Additional Solicitor General
     that the scheme respecting admission to the Post Graduate Medical
     courses has been modified again and the present position, enunciated
D    in the Prospectus for the year 1982-83, is that medical graduates
     who have appeared and been selected at the examination for
     recruitment to the Resident House Staff are entitled automatically,
     on successfully completing that term of appointment, to admission
     to a Post Graduate course, and no entrance examination specifically
E    for such admission is now contemplated. We direct, in the
     circumstances that those petitioners who have successfully completed
     the term of one year as Resident House Staff in the Medical Colleges
     of Orissa will be entitled, without having to appear at any further
     entrance examination, to admission to the relevant Post Graduate          •
    course. There are other petitioners in these group~ who have complet·
F   ed the term as Resident House Staff but have done so in approved
    medical institutions in India other than the Mecical Colleges in
    Orissa, and some may have done so after successfully appearing at an
    entrance test prescribed for admitting them to those appointments.
    It is contended that they are not entitled to join a Post Graduate
G   course in the Medical Colleges of Orissa without first appearing
    successfully at the entrance test prescribed for appointment to the
    Resident House Staff in those Medical Colleges. We have considered
                                                                               •
    the several alternatives placed before us by the parties, and it seems
    that having regard to the considerable constraints imposed by the
H   guidelines framed by the Indian Medical Council, to which our
    attention bas heed drawn, and the limited number of seats permitted
    accordingly, the only feasible solution must be that which we
    formulate now. We direct that the petitioners falling in Group C
               H. RAUATRAO '· ORISSA (Pathak, J.)                Sl7

and Group D should be permitted to appear · at the entrance
examination prescribed for appointment to the Resident House Staff,     A
and that if they are successful in the said entrance examination they
will be entitled to admission to the relevant Post Graduate course
for the next following session without being obliged to work on the
Resident House Staff in the Medical Colleges in Orissa. They may,
of course, offer themselves, without being obliged to do so, for        B
Resident House Staff appointment before admission to the Post
Graduate course, if there are vacancies occasioned by the exigencies
of medical administration. At the same time, we make it clear that
the arrangement entitling these petitioners to admission to a Post
Graduate course without having to fill a Resident House Staff
appointment will obtain only if they appear for the entrance cxami·     c
nation for appointment as Resident House Staff in the same subject
in which they claim to have already served as Resident House Staff
earlier. If, however and it will be open to them to do so- they
appear at the entrance examination in a different subject, and are
successful therein, they shall be obliged to serve for the stipulated   D
term in a Resident House Staff appointment in relation to that
subject before being entitled, on the completion of that term, to
admission in the corresponding Post Graduate course.

      The writ petitions are disposed of accordingly.    There is no
order as to costs.                                                      E
ML.A.