GYANENDRA SAHAYversusM/S. TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD.

A                            GYANENDRASAHAY
                                     v.
                     MIS. TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD.

                                   JULY 13, 2006

B       [DR. AR. LAKSHMANAN AND LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, JJ.]


         Labour Laws:

          Voluntary retirement-Appiied by employee-Acceptance thereof on
C the same day-Representation by employee after 48 drys from the date of
    application for reconsideration and praying for reinstatement-
    Representation rejected by employer-Industrial dispute raised by employee
    on the ground that the application for voluntary retirement was signed under
    undue and excessive pressure-Labour Court as well as Single Judge of High
D   Court held that the employee was coerced to submit his resignation-Division
    Bench of High Court allowed the case of employer-In appeal, held: In view
    of the facts of the case, employee cannot be said to be compelled to write and
    sign the application for voluntary retirement due to undue and excessive
    pressure-The fact that employee was coerced to submit resignation is not
    supported by acceptable evidence-There are only vague a/legations against
E   the employer-Su:-picion and doubt cannot take place of evidence and finding
    of fact cannot be based thereon-Evidence.

          Appellant, an employee of the respondent-company submitted an
    application for his premature/voluntary retirement with request to consider
F   his case for payment of ex-gratia amount. The application was acctpted on
    the same day and on the very day he was relieved from the service. After 48
    days from the date of the application, appellant represented to the management
    requesting to re-consider his request for voluntary retirement and reinstate
    him in service. The representation was rejected by the respondent.

          Appellant raised an industrial dispute contending that his resignation
G
    was not voluntary and he was forced to submit the application for voluntary
    retirement under undue and excessive pressure. Labour Court held the
    appellant entitled to relief of reinstatement with full back wages and other
    consequential benefits. In Writ Petition, Single Jude of High Court held that
    appellant was coerced to submit his resignation letter and the same was
H                                        540                                         ..
                      GY ANENDRA SAHA Yr. TA TA IRON AND STEEL CO.LTD.           541
,,..
       accepted on the same day, and therefore it was not voluntary and the same        A
       would amount to illegal termination of service. Division Bench of High Court
       allowed the appeal of the Company against the order of Single Judge.

             In appeal, the question for consideration before this Court was whether
       the appellant was compelled to sign his application for voluntary retirement
       due to undue and excessive pressure.                                             B

             Dismissing the appeal, the Court

              HELD: 1. Division Bench of High Court while rejecting the plea of the
       appellant have given cogent and convincing reasons in arriving at the
       conclusion. This apart, the appellant in his own handwriting submitted the       c
       letter for premature/voluntary retirement which was accepted on the same
       day. When the letter was written in the handwriting of the appellant and
       presented the same in-person to the authority concerned, it cannot be said
       that the service of the respondent was dispensed with by the respondent-
       employer unauthorisedly. 1544-B-D]
                                                                                        D
              2. The appellant has made a vague allegation that he was forced to take
       retirement. Neither he has made it specific nor had given the name of any
       officer who compelled him to write the letter or exercised undur and excessive
       pressure to sign the letter of premature/voluntary retirement. Though the
,,     Labour Court has come to the conclusion that the appellant was compelled to      E
       submit the letter of resignation, the same is not supported by any acceptable
       evidence. Suspicion and doubt cannot take the place of evidence. No finding of
       fact can be given on mere doubt and suspicion or on the basis of baseless
       allegations. The appellant having written letter of-voluntary retirement and
       after having accepted the retiral benefits without any protest cannot now turn
       round and say that he was compelled to submit his premature/voluntary            F
       retirement. (546-D-F)

            3. If' there is any amount due as per the term£ of acceptance, the
       appellant is at liberty to approach the respondent-management by making a
       representation claiming the said amount. If such a claim is made, the
                                                                                        G
       management is directed to consider the same and pass appropriate orders in
'      accordance with law. (547-A)

            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1396 of2006.

            From the Judgment and Order dated 24.1.2005 of the High Court of
                                                                                        H
    542                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2006) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A Jharkhand at Ranchi in LP.A. No. 417/2003.
          Gyanendra Sahay, Appellant-In-Person.

          Raju Ramachandran, M.K. Dua and T. Senshi Kumar for the Respondent.

B         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          DR. AR. LAKSHMANAN, J. This appeal is directed against the order
    passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Jharkhand at Ranchi
    allowing the appeal filed by the respondent herein.

C         (I) The appellant was appointed as Management Trainee with the
    respondent-company. He was confirmed as Executive Assistant in the Office
    of Controller of Budgets at Jamshedpur. He was transferred to in the Mines
    Unit in August, 1989. On 23.02.1994, he was posted to perform his duties in
    the Engineering Cell.

D       (2) According to the respondent herein, the appellant submitted an
  application on 01.04.1995 for his premature/voluntary retirement with a request
  to consider his case for payment of ex-gratia amount, in view of his long
  association with the company. The application for voluntary retirement was
  accepted on the same day i.e. Ist April, 1995. According to the appellant, he
E was compelled to retire prematurely and was compelled to submit application
  for voluntary retirement due to undue and excessive pressure, exercised by
  officers of the company. The appellant made request to re-consider his case
  sympathetically and reinstate him in service by revoking the retirement given
  to him and transfer him back to Jamshedpur in any suitable Department and
  also pay his increment for January, 1994 and January, 1995. The prayer was
F made to the management to consider his case sympathetically, specially because
  his entire settlement has been adjusted against his building loan with the
  result that after working for 15 years in the respondent-company, he does not
  know how to manage his family.

          (3) The respondent by letter dt. 22.06.1995 rejected the request of the
G appellant stating that since the appellant has resigned from service of the
    company from 1st April, 1995 and that his resignation has been accepted, it
    will not be possible to consider his case for employment in the company. The
    appellant raised an industrial dispute before the Labour Court under the Bihar
    Shops & Establishments Act contending that his resignation was not voluntary
H   and he was forced to submit the application for premature/voluntary retirement.
         GYANENDRASAHAYv. TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD.[LAKSHMANAN,J.]       543

The preliminary issue as to the maintainability of the matter before the Labour A
Court was also raised which was overruled by the Labour Court. Finally, the
Labour Court held that the appellant is entitled to relief of reinstatement in
service with full back wages and other consequential benefits.

      (4) Aggrieved by the award passed by the Labour Court, the respondent
preferred Civil Writ Petition No.3802of1999 before the High Court of Judicature B
at Patna, Ranchi Bench. Learned Single Judge of the said court after
considering rival contentions was of the opinion that since the resignation
was accepted on the same day and the complainant-appellant was relieved on
the same day, the same was quite unnatural and that by itself created a doubt
in the mind of the court. The learned Single Jude also held that the appellant C
was coerced to submit his resignation letter and the same was accepted on
the same day and, therefore, it was not voluntary and it will amount to illegal
termination of services of the appellant.

      (5) On being aggrieved, the respondent preferred an appeal before the
Division Bench of the High Court. The Division Bench by its judgment               D
dt.24.01.2005 allowed the appeal filed by the respondent herein. Aggrieved by
the said judgment of the Division Bench of the High Court, the appellant has
come before this Court by filing the Special Leave Petition No.9744/2005.
Leave was granted by this Court on 24.02.2006.

      (6) The appellant-in-person has argued his case. He invited our attention    E
to various letters and correspondence that were exchanged between the
appellant and the respondent-company and also drew our attention to the
order passed by the Labour Court, the learned Single Judge and the Division
Bench. He also invited our attention to the evidence led before the Labour
Court. Since the appellant is a party-in-person, we allowed him to argue this      F
case at length and gave him a full and patient hearing. The appellant reiterated
the grounds raised in the Civil Appeal at the time of hearing and submitted
that he was summoned to Jamshedpur and compelled to submit the letter of
premature/voluntary retirement.

       (7) We have also heard Mr.Raju Ramachandran, learned senior counsel         G
for the respondent. He also explained the circumstances under which the
letter of resignation was accepted. According to Mr.Raju Ramachandran, after
the resignation was accepted, the management has paid his entire retiral
benefits to the appellant herein. Mr. Ramachandran also submitted that even
though the appellant has submitted his letter of premature/voluntary retirement
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    544                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A on 01.04.1995, he represented to the management after 48 days requesting
    them to re-consider his request for premature/voluntary retirement and reinstate
    him in service.

          (8) The only issue which arises for re-consideration is whether the
    appellant was compelled to write and sign the application for premature/
B   voluntary retirement due to undue and excessive pressure, exercised by officers
    of the respondent-company.

          (9) We have carefully read the judgment passed by the learned Judges
    of the Division Bench of the High Court. The learned Judges while rejecting
C   the contention of the appellant herein have given cogent and convincing
    reasons in arriving at the conclusion in the appeal. This apart, the appellant
    in his own handwriting submitted the letter dt.01.04.1995 for premature/
    voluntary retirement which was accepted on the same day. When the letter
    was written in the handwriting of the appellant and presented the same in-
    person to the authority concerned, it cannot be said that the service of the
D   respondent was dispensed with by the respond~nt-employer unauthorisedly.

             (I 0) We have carefully perused the letter dt. 01.04.1995 which reads
    thus:-
                 "G.M. (O.M.& Q)
                 N.l.M.                                                     Dt. 1.4.95
E
                 Dear Sir,

                  I have been working with the Company for the last IS years. Now
              I wish to retire prematurely from the Company with all retiring benefits.
              I would also request the company to consider paying me some Ex-
F             gratia amount considering my long association with the Company.

                   Thanking you,                                  Yours faithfully
                                                               Sd/-Gyanendra Sahay
                                                             (GYANENDRA SAHAY)
                                                                       P.No.110017
G
                                                              Dy. Manager (Admn.)"
          (I I) The above request was accepted by the General Manager on the
    same date i.e. I st April, 1995 and the following letter was handed over to the
    respondent, accepting his premature/voluntary retirement. The said letter
    reads as follows :-
H
       GY ANENDRA SAHA Y "·TA TA IRON AND STEEL CO.LTD. [LAKSHMANAN,J]      545

              "THE TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY LIMITED                             A
                       JAMSHEDPUR 83100 l INDIA
                                                                   A0/6458/95
        Mr. Gyanendra Sahay
        P. No. 1!0017
        Dy. Manager (Admn.)                                                        B
        Mines Division,
        Noamundi
        Dear Mr. Sahay,

        Re:-Your letter dt.1.4.95                                                  c
        Kindly refer to your letter of 1.4.95. After due consideration, and also
        keeping in view your long association, the Company has agreed, as
        a special case, to retire you as requested by you with immediate
        effect.
                                                                                   D
        You will be entitled to all the retiral benefits of the Company which
        would have otherwise been available to you at your superannuation.
        In addition, your request for ex-gratia is being considered separately.

        Please get in touch with the General Manager (Finance & Accounts)
        for your full and final settlement. We wish you and your family the        E
        very best in life.

                                                               Yours sincerely,
                                                             Sd/- (illegible)
                                                           (M. Fasihuddin)         F
                                               General Manager (0 M & Q)"
       ( 12) It is seen from the said letter that the request for premature/
voluntary retirement was accepted by the management on 01.04.1995 with
immediate effect. The letter also clearly states that the appellant will be
entitled to all the retiral benefits of the Company which would have otherwise     G
been available to him at his superannuation. The management has also stated
that the appellant's request for ex-gratia is being considered separately. By
the said letter, the appellant was directed to get in touch with the General
Manager (Finance & Accounts) for his full and final settlement.

     (13) In this context, it is useful to refer page 96 of the appeal paperbook   H
    546                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2006] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A which was marked as Annexure P-5 which is a letter dt.12.4.1995 addressed
    to the appellant. It is stated in the letter that the management has decided to
    extend the following facilities to the appellant on his premature retirement :-

            1.   Retiring Gratuity as per rules for the actual service rendered by
                 you.
B          2     Provident Fund, including Co.'s contribution in full.
           3     Superannuation Fund, as per rules.
           4     Payment of cash, equivalent to the privilege and furlough leave
                 including proportionate leave due to you.
c           5    Free medical facilities as applicable to the retiring officers in the
                 respective divisions.
                In addition to the above, you will be ·~ligible for an ex-grade
            payment, details of which will be available with OM (Accounts),
            Mines Division. You may kindly contact him on any working day
D           during office hours."

         (14) We have also perused the Memo of Appeal and other representation
  made by the appellant. The appellant has made a vague allegation that he was
  forced to take retirement. Neither he has made it specific nor had given the
E name of any officer who compelled him to write the letter dt. I st April, 1995
  or exercised undue and excessive pressure to sign the letter of premature/
  voluntary retirement. Though the Labour Court has come to the conclusion
  that the appellant was compelled to submit the letter of resignation, the same
  is not supported by any acceptable evidence. It is settled law that suspicion
  and doubt cannot take the place of evidence. No finding of fact can be given
F on mere doubt and suspicion or on the basis of baseless allegations. The
  appellant having written letter of voluntary retirement and after having accepted
  the retiral benefits without any protest cannot now tum round and say that
  he was compelled to submit his premature/voluntary retirement. The appeal
  has absolutely no merits and we, therefore, have no hesitation to dismiss the
G same and to affirm the order passed by the learned Judges of the Division
  Bench of the High Court. No order as to costs.

         (15) It is submitted by Mr. Raju Ramachandran. learned senior counsel
  for the respondent that all the retiral benefits including ex-gratia has been
  paid and settled to the appellant. On the other hand, the appellant-in-person
H states that all the retiral benefits as per the Terms of Accptance have not been
         GYANENDRA SAHA Y v. TATA IRON AND STEEL CO.LTD. [LAKSHMANAN, J.]   547
paid fully to him. If there is any amount due, the appellant is at liberty to A
approach the respondent-management by making a representation claiming
the said amount. If such a claim is made, the management is directed to
consider the same and pass appropriate orders in accordance with law.

K.K.T.                                                       Appeal dismissed.