Holding

A suit for declaration that includes consequential injunction relief and an alternative prayer for possession is not barred by Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963.

Summary

The appellant, Gian Kaur, filed a suit seeking a declaration of ownership of 16 kanals of land, along with a consequential permanent injunction and an alternative prayer for possession. The trial court and first appellate court decreed the suit, but the Punjab and Haryana High Court reversed, holding that a suit solely for declaration is not maintainable under Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 and that a suit for possession should have been filed. On appeal, the Supreme Court observed that the plaint contained not only a declaration claim but also a prayer for permanent injunction and an alternative claim for possession, making the suit a mixed relief suit. The Court noted that the issue of maintainability under Section 34 was raised before the trial court and not proved by the defendant, and it was never raised before the first appellate court. Consequently, the High Court’s finding was unsustainable, and the Supreme Court held that the suit is not barred by Section 34, setting aside the High Court order and restoring the lower courts' decree.

Issues considered

Whether a suit for declaration, accompanied by a consequential injunction and an alternative prayer for possession, is maintainable under Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963.

Legislation cited

Specific Relief Act, 1963s. 34

Subjects

Specific Relief ActSection 34declaration suitpermanent injunctionpossessionmaintainabilitycivil procedure

Judgment

[2011) 2 S.C.R. 486

A GIAN KAUR
v.
RAGHUBIR SINGH
(Civil Appeal No. 1142 of 2003)
FEBRUARY 03, 2011
B
[G.S. SINGHVI AND ASOK KUMAR GANGULY, JJ.]

Specific Relief Act, 1963 - s. 34 - Suit for declaration -
Decreed by trial court and first appellate court - However, set
C aside by High Court on a finding that suit simpliciter for
declaration is not maintainable uls. 34 and the plaintiff should
have filed a suit for possession - Held: Finding of the High
Court that suit simpliciter for declaration is not maintainable
u/s. 34, is not sustainable - In the suit, apart from a prayer for
D declaration there was a consequential prayer for a decree for
permanent injunction as also an alternative prayer for decree
for possession - Also, the issue relating to the maintainability
of the suit in the present form was raised before the trial court
and was not proved by the defendant and as such was decided
E against the defendant - Said issue was not raised before the
first appellate court - The suit is not hit by s. 34 - Order of
the High Court set aside and that of the first appellate court,
restored.

F The trial court and the first appellate court decreed
the suit for declaration filed by the appellant in respect of
the land in question. In the Second Appeal, the High Court
held that the suit simpliciter for declaration is not
maintainable under Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act,
1963 and the appellant should have filed a suit for
G possession. Therefore, the appellant filed the instant
appeal.

Allowing the appeal, the Court

H' 486
GIAN KAUR v. RAGHUBIR SINGH 487

HELD: 1.1 From the plaint, it appears, prima facie, that A
apart from making a prayer for declaration there is also
a consequential prayer for a decree for permanent
injunction restraining the defendant from alienating the
suit property or interfering in peaceful possession of the
plaintiff. There is an alternative prayer for decree for B
possession also. From the prayers made in the plaint, it ·
is clear that the consequential relief of permanent
injunction was prayed, and before the trial court, the
issue relating to the maintainability of the suit in the
present form was raised but the same was not pressed c
by the defendant nor was any such question raised
before the first appellate court. In that view of the matter,
the finding of the High Court that the suit is merely for
declaration and is not maintainable under Section 34 of
the Specific Relief Act, cannot be sustained. Thus, the
0
suit is not hit by Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act,
1963. [Paras 8, 9, 10, 11 and 13] [491-B-E-G]
1.2 The High Court set aside the concurrent finding
of the courts below on an erroneous appreciation of the
admitted facts of the case and also the legal question E
relating to Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963.
Therefore, the order of the High Court is set aside and
that of the first appellate court is restored. [Paras 14 and
15] [491-H; 492-A-B]
F
Ram Saran and Anr. vs. Ganga Devi AIR 1972 SC 2685
- distinguished.
Case Law Reference:
. AIR 1972 SC 2685 Distinguished Para 6 G
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
1142 of 2003.

From the Judgment & Order dated 26.08.2002 of the High
H
488 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 2 S.C.R.

A Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in RS.A. No. 1806
of 2000.

Devender Mohan Verma for the Appellant

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
B
GANGULY, J. 1. This appeal is directed against the
judgment and order dated 26.08.2002 of the Punjab and
Haryana High Court in Regular Second Appeal No.1806 of
2000. By the judgment under appeal, the Hon'ble High Court
c reversed the judgment and decree of the Court below and held
that the suit for declaration that the plaintiff is the owner in
possession of land measuring 16 kanals situated in village
Ajnoha, is not maintainable. The plaintiff is in appeal before this
Court. The material facts of the case are as under.
D 2. Labhu, an agriculturist of village Sarhola Mundia, Tehsil
& District Jalandhar, Punjab had three sons, namely, Khusi
Ram, Raghubir Singh and Kashmir Singh and a daughter called
Pritam Kaur. The shares of the sons were partitioned by the
Revenue Authorities as early as on 30.4.1990 and share of
E Khushi Ram was separated from Raghubir Singh each getting -
16 kanals. Khushi Ram executed a Will in favour of Gian Kaur
and appointed her as his Mukhtiar-e-am. Subsequently,
relations between them became strained and he cancelled his
Will and his Power of Attorney. The appellant is daughter of
F Pritam Kaur and Khushi Ram was living with Pritam Kaur in her
house and Pritam Kaur was serving him. Both Gian Kaur and
Khushi Ram opened a joint account in a Bank and out of love
and affection Khushi Ram subsequently executed a Will dated
12.4.1990 in favour of the appellant-plaintiff. Under these
G circumstances, the appellant claimed that she is in actual
physical possession of the suit land. Even after a compromise
was arrived at between the parties on 2.10.1991, the defendant
brought a suit for declaration challenging the Will. That suit was
withdrawn on 1.12.1993 without any permission of the Court to
H
GIAN KAUR v. RAGHUBIR SINGH 489
[ASOK KUMAR GANGULY, J.]
file a fresh a suit. After the withdrawal of the aforesaid suit, the A
filing of the present suit for declaration and permanent injunction
became necessary as the defendant threatened to dispossess
the plaintiff from the suit property.

3. Before the trial Court, the stand of the defendant was 8
that the property is a Joint Hindu Family property and the plaintiff
has no cause of action to file the suit. It was also the contention
of the defendant that Khushi Ram was a saintly person and·
wanted to donate land to a religious institution. The relationship
between Khushi Ram and the plaintiff was admitted but the fact C
of opening a joint bank account with the plaintiff was denied.
The.trial Court framed about eight issues in the matter. Those
issues are as follows:

"1. Whether Khushi Ram has executed any will dated
12.4.1990? OPP D
2. Whether the Plaintiff is owner in possession of the
Suit land? OPP
3. Whether the Plaintiff is entitled to the declaration as
prayed for? OPP E

4. Whether the Suit is not maintainable in the present
form? OPD

5. Whether the jurisdiction of the Civil Court is barred?
F
OPD

6. Whether the Suit property is joint Hindu undivided
property? If so, its effect? OPD
7. Whether the Suit is not properly valued? OPD G
8. Relief."
4. As would appear from the issues set out above that
issue relating to maintainability of the suit was framed and on
H

-·-
490 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 2 S.C.R.

A that issue finding of the trial Court is that the issue was not
proved by the defendant and that issue remained unproved and
as such was decided against the defendant.

5. From the judgment of the First Appellate Court also it
B appears that the issue of maintainability was not raised and the
First Appellate Court affirmed the findings of the trial Court and
dismissed the appeal, inter alia, holding the application filed
by the defendant for leading additional evidence is also without
any merit.

C 6. Hon'ble High Court while entertaining the Second
Appeal against such concurrent finding, came, inter alia, to a
finding that the suit simpliciter for declaration is not
maintainable under Section 34 of the Special Relief Act and
the plaintiff should have filed a suit for possession. By referring
D to a judgment of this Court in the case of Ram Saran and
another vs. Ganga Devi - AIR 1972 SC 2685, the High Court
dismissed the suit and allowed the appeal.

7. The plaint which as been produced before this Court by
E way of additional documents contained the following prayer:

"(a) A decree of declaration to the effect that the plaintiff
is owner in possession of 16 Kanai O Marla of land
fully detailed and described in headnote of plaint
and situated in village Ajnoha H.B. No.52, P.S.
F Mahilpur, District Hoshiarpur as entered in latest
jamabandi, in view of Will dated 12.4.90 executed
by Khushi Ram s/o Ram Ditta in her favour;

(b) With consequential relief decree for permanent
G injunction restraining the Deft not to alienate the suit
property or interfering in peaceful possession of
plaintiff therein; and

(c) In the alternative decree for possession if the

H
1 c .

· ·· GIAN KAUR v. RAGHUBIR SINGH - 491 ·.
[ASOK KUMAR GANGULY, J.]
plaintiff is disp~ssessed by· Deft durfng pendency ' A
' ~· ' -

.. of suit; . .

·may kindly be passed in favour of the plaintiff and against
the Deft with costs." .
..,: \ < ,. ; \I
. '
8. It appe<1rs. prima facie, that apart from making a prayer B
for declaration there is also a consequential prayer for a decree ·
for permanent injunction restraining the defendant from
afi~naling the suit property or interfering in peaceful possession
of plaintiff therein. I
c
9.There is an alternative prayer for decree for possession
also. · · · ' · · · ·

10. From the prayers made in the plaint, it is clear that the ·
..
consequential relief of permanent injunction was prayed and
before the'. Trial Court the fourth issue relating to the D
maintainability of the suit in the present form was raised but the
same was· not pressed by the defendant nor was any such
question raised before the First Appellate Court. ·
.
. - : . . .<
- ~
11. In that view of the matter, the finding of the High Court· E
that the suit is merely for declaration and is not maintainable
under Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act cannot be sustained.
The High Court's 'reliance on a decision of this Court in Ram-
Saran (supra) is . also
.
not proper..
,
F
12. From the decision in Ram Saran (supra), it is clear
j that in that suit the plaintiff merely claimed a declaration that I
Lthey are the owners of the property and they have not sought •I
l for possession of the said properties.(see para 4) ·
\
I
t
i
!
13. For the reasons aforesaid, this Court holds that the suit
is not hit by Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act. The decision
. l, in Ram Saran (supra) was rendered'on totally different facts
G
.I
l'
I and cannot be applied 10 the present ease.
.
"
"'-
14. We are, therefore, constrained to observe that the High H

Il I
492 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011) 2 S.C.R. .

A Court· reversed the concurrent finding of the Courts below on
an erroneous appreciation of the admitted facts of the case and
also the legal question relating to Section 34 of the Specific
Relief Act.

15. We, therefore, allow the appeal set aside the order of
8
· the High Court and restore that of the First Appellate Court.
There shall be no order as to costs.

N.J. Appeal allowed.