GANESH DATTversusSTATE OF UTTARAKHAND

                     [2014] 6 S.C.R. 99


                       GANESH DATI                                A
                              v.
                STATE OF UTTARAKHAND
            (Criminal Appeal No.1881 of 2011)
                       JUNE 11, 2014
                                                                  8
 [JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR AND C. NAGAPPAN, JJ.]

     Penal Code, 1860 - ss. 3021149, 3071149, 3241149,
ss. 147 and 148 - Conviction under - Prosecution case that
accused armed with weapons assaulted father and his two           C
sons resulting in death of one son and injuries to other- Order
of conviction and sentence by courts below - Held: Failure
of prosecution to prove the guilt of appellant beyond
reasonable doubt - As regards assault on the deceased,
ocular evidence inconsistent with medical evidence -              D
Weapons used for the occurrence not recovered - Enmity
between the appellant family and the deceased family -
Father and his sons were interested as well as inimical
witnesses - Denial of injuries on the person of appellant by
them - Testimonies of the prosecution witness inconsistent        E
as regards the place of occurrence - Also blood stained earth
not sent for chemical examination - Thus, order of conviction
set aside - Evidence.

     According to the prosecution, the appellants-A 1 to
A 5 armed with dangerous weapons attacked PW3 and                 F
his sons resulting in the death of his son 'P' and injuries
to his son, PW2. PW3 and his sons-PW1, PW2 witnessed
the occurrence. They stated that when they were sitting
in front of their house, appellants armed with weapons
came there and 'S' shouted to kill them and there~fter, 'S'       G
and 'ON' fired shots at 'P' and PW2. Other appellants also
attacked them. PW 2 while defending the attack sustained
injuries. Thereafter, the appellants fled away. The
complaint was lodged. 'P' and PW2 were admitted in the
                             99                                   H
    100       SUPREME COURT REPORTS           [2014] 6 S.C.R.


A   hospital. The same day 'P' succumbed to his injuries. The
    trial court convicted A 1 to A 5 under sections 302/149,
    307/149, 324/149, s. 147 and s. 148 IPC and sentenced
    them accordingly. The High Court upheld the order.
    Hence, the instant appeal.        •
B
          Allowing the appeal, the Court

        HELD: 1. The prosecution failed to prove the guilt of
    the appellants beyond reasonable doubt, and therefore,
    they are entitled to be acquitted. [Para 20] [115-C]
c
        2.1. The eye-witnesses namely PWs 1 to 3 and CW-
  1, widow of deceased 'P' have testified that accused 'S'
  and accused 'ON' fired shots with pistol and gun
  respectively at 'P' during the occurrence resulting in
0 injuries but as per the medical evidence there was no gun
  shot injury found on any part of the body of 'P'. The
  ocular evidence was totally inconsistent with the medical
  evidence with respect to assault by accused 'S' and 'DN'.
  If this matter is false, there is no guarantee that the other
E assault deposed to by the eye-witnesses was also not
  false. [Para 14] [110-C-E]

       2.2. As per the ocular testimony the weapons used
  in the occurrence were country made pistol, gun, axe and
  lathis. PW7 Sub-Inspector stated that he went to the
F occurrence place during investigation and seized 10
  bullets of 12 bore from the spot out of which 4 were
  empty and 6 were live. Initial investigation was done by
  PW7 Sub-Inspector and thereafter, it was continued and •
  concluded by PW5 Inspector. They have not taken any
G steps to recover the weapons alleged to have been used
  in the occurrence. No scientific method of investigation
  was pressed into service. There was no explanation in
  the testimonies of the Investigating Officers in this regard.
  The lethargic attitude of the officers conducting
H investigation is deplorable. [Para 15] [110-G-H; 111-A-B]
   GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                101

     2.3. In the trial, in examination-in-chief PW1 did not   A
state anything about the injuries on 'S' and 'ON'. In the
cross-examination he testified that 'S' and 'ON' did not
suffer any injury during the occurrence and further stated
that 16-17 days prior to occurrence 'S' suffered injuries
in a jeep accident. This testimony cannot be true for the     B
reason that doctor examined him in the hospital on the
occurrence day and found injuries which were fresh on
his body. PW2 in his examination-in-chief did not state
anything about the injuries on the accused. In the cross-
exam i nation he stated that during the occurrence            C
accused 'S' snatched the axe from the hands of accused
'J' and his hand was injured during snatching process
and an injury was also caused near the eyes by the axe.
He also stated that he did not see whether any injury was
caused to 'ON' during the occurrence. He further stated
                                                              0
that he was mentioning for the first time before the Court.
No reliance could be placed on such a testimony. In the
same way PW3 did not state anything about the injuries
of the accused in his testimony-in-chief. In the cross-
examination he stated that he did not see accused 'S'
suffering any injury during the occurrence. [Para 17] [113-   E
E-H; 114-A-B]

     2.4. The eye-witnesses who deny the presence of
injuries on the person of the accused are lying on most
material point, and therefore, their evidence is unreliable. F
It assumes much greater importance where the evidence
consists of interested or inimical witnesses. In the instant
case, admittedly there was enmity between the accused
family and the deceased family and PWs 1 to 3 are
interested as well as inimical witnesses and their denial G
of injuries on the person of accused, makes their
evidence unreliable. [Para 18] [114-0-E]            ·

     Babula/ Bhagwan Khandare and another vs. State of
Maharashtra 2004 (6) Suppl. SCR 633:(2005) 10 SCC 404
- referred to.                                         H
    102       SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [2014] 6 S.C.R.


A      2.5. The situs of attack is also alleged to be not
  established by the prosecution. In the First Information
  Report, the complainant PW3 stated that he and his sons
  were sitting in their flour mill and were chatting at about
  6.00 a.m. when the assailants came and attacked them. ,
B In the testimony, PW1 stated that they were sitting in front i
  of their house when the assault took. PW2 testified that
  the attack did not occur on flour mill but occurred in the
  verandah of house of 'P'. PW3 testified that the place of
  occurrence is about 50 steps away from the flour mill.
C Thus, there is inconsistency about the place of
  occurrence in their testimonies and a doubt crept in.
  Though blood-stained earth was claimed to have been
  seized from the occurrence place by the Investigating
  Officer PW7, it was not sent for chemical examination
  which could have fixed the situs of the assault. In almost
D all criminal cases the blood-stained earth found from the
  place of occurrence is invariably sent to the chemical
  examination and the report along with the earth is
  produced in the Court and yet this is one exceptional
  case where this procedure was departed from for
E reasons best known to the prosecution. [Para 19] [114-
  F-H; 115-A-B]
                        Case Law Reference:
          2004 (6) Suppl. SCR 633    Referred .to     Para 18
F
       CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : CRIMINAL
    APPEAL N0.1881 of 2011.

        From th.e Judgment and Order dated 22.12.2010 of the
G   High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital in Criminal Appeal No.
    927 of 2001.

        Nagender Rai, Mahabir Singh, Mukesh K. Giri. AAG.,
    Rachna Joshi lssar, Manoj Gorkela, R.K. Srivastava, Rakesh
    Kumar, Smita Kumari, Pramod Kumar, Lakshmi Raman Singh,
H   Anand Amrit Raj, Kaushik Poddar, Abhishek Atrey, Ashutosh
    GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                           103


 Kr. Sharma, Brijesh Panchal, Jatinder Kumar Bhatia for the               A
_appearing parties.

     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

    C. NAGAPPAN, J. 1. Both the appeals are preferred
against the judgment and order dated 22.12.2010 passed by                 B
the High Court of Uttarakhand at Nainital in Criminal Appeal
No.927 of 2001.

     2. The appellants 1 to 4 in Criminal Appeal No. 1884 of
2011, Sudarshan Verma, Jagdish, Deep Narain and Rajendra                  c
were accused Nos. 1 to 4 and the appellant Ganesh Datt in
Criminal Appeal No.1881 of 2011 was accused No.5 in
Sessions Trial case No.109 of 1990 on the file of Vth Additional
Sessions Judge, Nainital and were tried for the charges under
Sections 147, 148, 302 read with 149, 307 read with 149 and               D
Section 324 read with 149 IPC, and the Trial Court convicted
and sentenced each of them to undergo life imprisonment under
Section 302/149 IPC; Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of
7 years under Section 307/149 IPC; Rigorous Imprisonment for
a period of one year under Section 324/149 IPC, Rigorous
                                                                          E
Imprisonment for a period of six months under Section 147 IPC
and Rigorous Imprisonment for a period of one year under
Section 148 IPC. Challenging the conviction and sentence they
preferred Criminal Appeal No.927 of 2001 and the High Court
of Uttarakhand at Nainital dismissed the appeal. Aggrieved by
the same they have preferred the present appeals.                         F

      3. Shorn of unnec:essar.y d,:.iai:s. t"~e case of the prosecution
is as follows : P\/V1 Bal(.Rcij,. PW2 Moti Lal deceased
Prabhunath and Raj Bali are sons of PW3 Ram Lakhan. On
26.8.1989 at about 6.00 a.m. they along with servant Bahadur,             G
were sitting in the verandah of the house of Prabhunath and at
that time accused persons Sudarshan Varma armed with
country made pistol, Deep Narain armed with gun, Jagdish
armed with axe (Farsa), Rajendra and Ganesh Datt armed with
lathis came there and accused Sudarshan shouted to kill them              H
    104       SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2014] 6 S.C.R.


A   today itself and by so saying he fired at Prabhunath with pistol
    and accused Deep Narain fired gunshots at PW2 Motilal and
    Raj Bali and accused Jagdish attacked PW2 Motilal with axe
    on neck which he defended by left hand resulting in injuries and
    accused Rajendra and Ganesh attacked them with lathis. On
B   the sound of fire and shouting the villagers came there and
    accused fled away.

       4. Accused Sudarshan who was then the village Pradhan
  went to the Police Station Rudrapur and lodged a First
C Information Report against Prabhunath, Motilal and Bali Raj at
  7.25 a.m. on 26.8.1989 and a case was registered as Crime
  No. 583 of 1989 for the alleged offences under Sections 307
  and 324 IPC. PW3 Ram Lakhan took the injured Prabhunath,
  PW2 Moti Lal and Raj Bali to the Police Station Rudrapur and
  lodged a First Information Report at 8.10 a.m. on the same day
D against accused Sudarshan, Jagdish, Deep Narain, Rajendra
  and Ganesh Datt, on which a case was registered as Crime
  No.583-A for the alleged offences under Section 147, 148,
  149, 307, 324 and 323 IPC and the injured were sent to
  hospital.
E
         5. PW6 Dr. A.K. Rana, Medical Officer in Jawahar Lal
    Hospital Rudrapur examined Prabhunath at 9.40 a.m. on
    26.8.1989 in the hospital and found the following injuries:

          "(i) An abrasion 4 cm x 4 cm on top of head 12 cm from
F
          left ear lobe. Fresh bleeding present.

          (ii) A contusion 15 cm x 10 cm on left jaw with multiple
          punctured wound on whole surface. Advised X-ray skull.
          Fresh bleeding present. Punctured wound size 0.5 cm x
G         0.25 cm x not probed (depth) with margins inverted.

          (iii) A contusion 15 cm x 20 cm on left side of whole neck
          with multiple punctured wounds measuring 0.25 cm x
          0.25cm x not probed (depth) with margins of wound
H
    GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                        105
              [C. NAGAPPAN, J.]
    inverted. Advised X-ray neck and left shoulder. Fresh             A
    bleeding present.

    (iv) An incised wound 7 cm x 5 cm x muscle deep on left
    upper arm, 4 cm above top of left elbow. Fresh bleeding
    present.                                                          B

    (v) An incised wound 5 cm x 5 cm bone deep on tip of left
    elbow extending upwards. Fresh bleeding present.

    (vi) An incised wound 5 cm x 2 cm x muscle deep on left
    side bone of middle finger. Fresh bleeding present."              C

     He opined in his report Exh.A8 that injury No.1 was simple
and could have been caused by any hard object; injury Nos. 4,
5 and 6 could have been caused by some sharp edged weapon
and injury No.2 and 3 were kept under observation and general         D
condition of the injured was very serious.
     PW6 Dr. A.K. Rana examined PW2 Moti Lal at 9.45 a.m.
in the hospital on 26.8.1989 and found the following injuries:
     (i)      A contusion 6 cm-x 4 cm on right side of forehead at    E
              hairline with a puncture wound 0.25 cm x 0.25 cm x
              not probed (depth) Fresh bleeding present Advised
              X-ray skull.
     (ii)     A contusion 4 cm x 3 cm just below left eyelid with a
              puncture wound 0.25 cm x 0.25 cm x not probed           F
              (depth) in its middle, wound margins inverted.
              Advised X-ray skull. Fresh bleeding ..
      (iii)   Multiple punctured wounds 0.25 cm x 0.25 cm x not
              probed (depth) on right side of chest frontal aspect
              and left side chest. Fresh bleeding present. Advised    G
              X-ray of chest.
      (iv)    A punctured wound 0.25 cm x 0.25 cm X not probed
              (depth) on right forearm anterior aspect. Advised X-
              ray forearm. Fresh bleeding.                            H
    106           SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [2014] 6 S.C.R.


A         (v)      A punctured wound 0.25 cm x 0.25 cm x not
                   probed {depth) o_n right base of thumb, wound
                   margins inverted. Fresh bleeding present. Advised
                   X-ray right hand.

          (vi)     An incised wound 7 cm x 5 cm x muscle deep on
B
                   right side forearm on upper and proximal Yi part.
                   Fresh bleeding present"     ·

      He opined that injury Nos. 1 to 5 were kept under
  obseNation and they were fresh and injury nos.6 was simple~
C and could have been caused by a sharp edged weapon.

          PW6 Dr. A.K. Rana examined Raj Bali at 9.50 a.m. in the
    hospital and found a contusion 6 cm x 4 cm on lower side of
    left eye and opined that the injury was simple in nature.
D      6. PW7 Sub-Inspector Surender Singh took up the
  investigation and visited Jawahar Lal Nehru Hospital on
  26.8.1989 and after coming to know the death of Prabhunath
  in the hospital on the same day altered the offence to one under
  Section 602 IPC and examined PW2 Motilal and Rajbali in the
E hospital on the same day. He conducted inquest and recorded ·
  the statement of Panchas and complainant. He gave the
  requisition for post-mortem. ·

        7. PW4 Dr. S.M. Pant conducted post-mortem at 2.30 p.m.
F   on 27.8.1989 and found the following injuries:

          (i)      Lacerated wound 2 cm x Yi cm x scalp deep on the ·
                   head, 11 cm above left eyebrow.

          (ii)     Multiple abrasions in an area of 30 cm x 10 cm of
G                  sizes 0.25 cm to 0.5 cm from left side of face, left
                   side of neck and left upper chest. All injuries
                   painted with some red coloured medicine.

          (iii)    Contusion in an area 10 cm x 8 cm around left
H                  nipple.
     GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                      107
               [C. NAGAPPAN, J.]
       (iv)    Contusion right side of abdomen 12 cm x 15 cm         A
               area. 3 cm right to naval.
       (v)     Stitched wound with two stitches 4 cm long on the
               porterior aspect of left upper arm, 1 cm from elbow
               joint.
                                                                     B
       (vi)    Stitched wound with 3 stitches 5 cm long, 5 cm
               above injury No.(v)

       (vii)   Lacerated wound 1.5 cm x muscle deep on left
               middle finger proximal phalanx painted with           c
               medicine.

       (viii) Lacerated wound 1 cm x muscle deep on the
              middle phalanx of index finger."

       He opined in the autopsy report that the deceased had         D
 died of shock and haemorrhage as a result of ante mortem
 injuries.

       8. PW7 Sub-Inspector Surender Singh went to the
  occurrence place and prepared site-plan and seized blood-          E
  stained soil and sample soil in the presence of witnesses. He
  also seized 10 bullets of 12 bore from the occurrence place
 -out of which 4 were emptied and 6 were live, by preparing a
. Memo. He examined the wife of the deceased Smt. Raj Kumari
' on 27 .8.1989 and recorded her statement. Thereafter PW5
                                                                     F
  Inspector Vijender Kumar Bhardwaj continued the investigation
  and recorded the statements of other witnesses including the
  seizure witnesses and completed the investigation, filed charge
  sheet against the accused and it was taken on file in Sessions
  Trial Case No.109 of 1990 on the file of Vth Additional
  Sessions Judge.                                                    G

     9. In the cross case, final report came to be filed and it
was taken on file in Sessions Trial No.177 of 1990 on the file
of the same Court. Both the cases were tried by the same
Court. In the case of Sessions Trial No.109 of 1990, prosecution     H
     108     SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [2014] 6 S.C.R.


A witnesses PWs 1 to 7 were examined and documents in Exh.A1
  to A 17 were marked and wife of the deceased Raj Kumari was
  examined as CW-1. The trial court in Sessions Trial No.109 of
  1990 found all the five accused guilty of the charges framed
  against them and sentenced them as mentioned above. The
8 appeal preferred came to be dismissed and that is now
  appealed against. At the same time the trial court in the cross
  case in Sessions Trial No.177 of 1990 found that Sudarshan
  Verma and his associates were aggressors and acquitted
  accused Motilal and Bali Raj of the charges framed against
C them. Challenging the acquitta~ the State preferred Government
  Appeal No.2017 of 2001 and the complainant Sudarshan
  Verma independently challenged the acquittal by preferring
  Criminal Revision No.92 of 2001 and the High Court after
  hearing all the matters together dismissed both the
  Government appeal as well as Criminal Revision, by a common
D judgment and it has become final since there was no further
  challenge.

          10. Mr. Mukesh K. Giri, learned Additional Advocate
     General appearing for the respondent State submits on
'=   instructions that 2nd appellant Jagdish in Criminal Appeal
     No.1884 of 2011 died on 9.1.2012 while undergoing the_
     sentence in jail. Submission is recorded. The appeal insofar
     as he is concerned stands abated.

F      11. The learned senior counsel appearing for the
  appellants strenuously contended that appellant Sudarshan
  Verma suffered 19 injuries and appellant Deep Narain also
  suffered injuries in the occurrence. The ocular witnesses namely
  PWs 1 to 3 are interested and inimical witnesses and in their
  testimonies they have not stated as to how the appellants/
G accused mentioned above sustained injuries during the
  occurrence and they are lying on a most material point, and
  therefore, their evidence is unreliable and further their ocular
  testimony with respect to the assault is inconsistent with the
  medical evidence and the weapons of offence were not
H
    GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                       109
              [C. NAGAPPAN, J.]
recovered and situs of the assault was also not fixed and so         A
the prosecution has failed to prove the case against appellants
beyond reasonable doubt and the conviction and sentence
imposed on the appellants are liable to be set aside.

     12. Per contra learned Additional Advocate General              B
appearing for the respondent State contended that the injuries
on the person of appellants/accused are not very grievous in
nature and the ocular evidence is clear, cogent and non
explanation of the injuries on the appellants/accused ipso-facto
cannot be the basis to discard the prosecution case and the          C
conviction and sentence imposed on the appellants are
sustainable.

       13. The prosecution case is that the appellants armed with
dangerous weapons came and attacked PW3 Ram Lakhan
and his sons resulting in the death of Prabhunath and injuries       D
to PW2 Moti Lal. The prosecution examined PW1 Bali Raj,
PW2 Moti Lal and their father PW3 Ram Lakhan as having
witnessed the occurrence. They have testified that on 26.8.1989
at about 6.00 a.m., when they were sitting in front of their house
accused persons Sudarshan armed with country made pistol,            E
Deep Narain with a gun, Jagdish with axe, Rajendra and
Ganesh Datt with lathies, came there and Sudarshan shouted
io kill them today by so saying he and Deep Narain fired shots
at Prabhunath and PW2 Moti Lal and Jagdish tried to attack
on the neck of PW2 Moti Lal with axe which he defended by            F
 his left hand resulting in injuries and Rajendra and Ganesh Datt
attacked them with lathis. On hearing the sound of firing and
shouting villagers gathered there and accused fled away. PW3
 Ram Lakhan took his injured sons Prabhunath and PW2 Moti
Lal to Police Station Rudrapur and lodged complaint and the          G
injured were admitted in Jawahar Lal Nehru Hospital. PW6
Dr.A.K. Rana examined injured Prabhunath at 9.40 a.m. on
26.8.1989 and found 3 incised wounds on the left arm, 2
contusions with multiple puncture wounds on neck and left
shoulder and an abrasion on the top of head. He directed to
                                                                     H
    110       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2014] 6 S.C.R.


A take x-ray of head, neck and left shoulder and found the general
  condition of the injured very serious. He opined that the incised
  wounds were simple and could have been caused by any sharp
  edged weapon and the abrasion was simple and could have
  been caused by any hard object. He has not expressed any
B opinion w_ith regard to contusions since they were kept under
  observation. He also examined PW2 Moti Lal at 9.45 a.m. in
  the same hospital and found 2 contusions; on the forehead and
  below left eye-lid, punctured wounds on chest and right arm and
  an incised wound on right fore-arm and opined that the injuries
c were simple in nature. Prabhunath died on 26.8.1989 itself in
  the hospital. PW 4 Dr. S.M. Pant conducted autopsy and found
  the same injuries mentioned above and opined that the
  deceased had died of shock and haemorrhage as a result of
  ante mortem injuries and further observed that the death has
D occurred a day before and there was no fire arm injury. Exh.
  A-8 is the autopsy report. From the above it is clear that
  Prabhunath died of injuries sustained during the occurrence.

          14. The eye-witnesses namely PWs 1 to 3 and CW-1 Smt. ·
    Raj Kumari, widow of deceased Prabhunath have testified that
E   accused Sudarshan and accused Deep Narain fired shots with
    pistol and gun respectively at Prabhunath during the occurrence
    resulting in injuries but as per the medical evidence there was
    no gun shot injury found on any part of the body of Prabhunath.
    Thus in short, the deceased Prabhunath is concerned the ocular
F   evidence is totally inconsistent with the medical evidence with
    respect to assault by accused Sudarsh.an and Deep Narain. If
    this matter is false, there is no guarantee that the other assault
    deposed to by the eye-witnesses was also not false.

G        15. As per the ocular testimony the weapons used in the
    occurrence are country made pistol, gun, axe and lathis. In his
    testimony PW? Sub-Inspector Surender Singh has stated that
    he went to the occurrence place during investigation and seized
    10 bullets of 12 bore from the spot out of which 4 were empty
    and 6 were live, "l.mder Exh. A-16 Memo. Initial investigation was
H
    GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                       111
              [C. NAGAPPAN, J.]
done by PW7 Sub-Inspector Surender Singh and thereafter it           A
was continued and concluded by PW5 Inspector Vijender
Kumar Bhardwaj. They have not taken any steps to recover the
weapons alleged to have been used in the occurrence. No
~cientific method of investigation was pressed into service. We
did not find any explanation in the testimonies of the               B
Investigating Officers in this regard. The lethargic attitude of
the officers conducting investigation is deplorable.

     16. It is contended that the appella9t1accused Sudarshan
sustained extensive injuries and appellant Deep Narain was           C
also injured during the occurrence. In the cross-case Dr. J.P.
Arora has testified that he examined Sudarshan at 7.30 a.m.
on 26.8.1989 at Jawahar Lal Nehru Hospital, Rudrapur and
found the following injuries on his body :

       "(i)   Incised wound 4 cm x 0.5 x scalp deep on left side     D
              of head parietal region 11 cm left from ear. Blood
              oozing present. Intervening tissues clean cut.

      (ii)    Incised wound 2 cm x 0.25 cm x scalp deep on left
              side head, 7.5 cm above left ear. Blood oozing         E
              pre.sent. Intervening tissues clean cut.

      (iii) Incised wound 5 cm x 2 x scalp deep on right side
              of forehead, Yi cm above right eyebrow. Intervening
              tissues clean- cut. Blood oozing present.
                                                                     F
      (iv)    Incised wound 4 cm x Yi x skin deep on right check,
              3 cm in front of left ear. Intervening tissues clean
              cut. Blood oozing present.

      (v)     Incised wound 4 cm x 0.2 x scalp deep on left side     G
              of head, 6 cm above right eyebrow.

      (vi)     Abrated contusion Yi cm x Yi cm on right side of
              .face, 4 cm -a,way from right eye outer angle.

                                                                     H
    112          SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [2014] 6 S.C.R.


A         (vii)   Abrated contusion 5 cm x Y, cm on front of neck left
                  side, 3 cm above right clavicle.

          (viii) Incised wound 2 cm x 0.2 cm x bone deep on front
                 of left little finger, 4 cm above root of finger.
B                Intervening tissues clean cur. Blood oozing present.

          (ix)    Incised wound 2 cm x 0.2 cm x bone deep on front
                  of left ring finger, 3.5 cm above base. Intervening
                  tissues clean cut. Blood oozing present.

c         (x)     Incised wound 1 cm x 0.2 cm x skin deep on front
                  of tip of left ring finger. Also blood oozing.
                  Intervening tissues clean cut.

          (xi)    Incised wound 3.75 cm x 0.25 cm x bone deep on
D                 ground of left middle finger, oblique 4.5 cm above
                  base of finger. Intervening tissues clean cut. Blood
                  oozing present.

          (xii)   Incised wound 4.5 cm x % cm x bone deep on front
                  of left index finger. Oblique. Intervening tissues
E                 clean cut. Blood oozing present.

          (xiii) Incised wound 4 cm x 0.2 cm x bone deep on outer
                 side of left hand, 2 cm above index finger,
                 intervening tissues clean cut.
F
          (xiv) Incised wound 2 cm x 0.2 cm x skin deep - inner
                side left thumb, root, intervening tissues clean cut.
                Blood oozing present.

          (xv)    Two lacerated wound each size 2 cm x % cm x
G                 depth went to deeper tissue and % cm x Y, cm x
                  depth went to deeper tissue, % cm apart from each
                  other. Blood oozing. On right scapular region upper
                  part, in area of 8 cm x 3 cm.

H
    GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                      113
              [C. NAGAPPAN, J.]

      (xvi) Abrasion 2 cm x 1 cm on right scapular region, 3.5      A
            cm inner to injury No. (xv)

      (xvii) Abrasion 1.5 cm x 1 cm on outside of right
             shoulder

      (xviii) Abrasion 1.5 cm x 1 cm on back of right arm, 8 cm     B
              below armpit.

      (xix) Abrasion 1 cm x Yi cm on right side of chest on
            back side and below the hair of 4.5 cm
                                                                    c
     He has opined that all the injuries were fresh and injury
Nos. 1,2,3,5, 8 to 14 and 15 to 19, were kept under observation
and rest of the injuries were simple. He has also testified that
he examined Deep Narain at 9.15 a.m. on the same day at
the hospital and found lacerated wound 1.25 cm x 0.5 cm x           D
bone deep transverse over right eye brow. Afterwards he has
expressed opinion that injury Nos.1 to 5 and 8 to 14 found on
Sudarshan could have been caused by sword.

      17. In the trial, in examination-in-chief PW1 Bali Raj, did
not state anything about the injuries on Sudarshan and Deep         E
Narain. In the cross-examination he has testified that
Sudarshan Verma and Deep Narain did not suffer any injury
during the occurrence and further stated that 16-17 days prior
to occurrence Sudarshan Verma suffered injuries in a jeep
accident. This testimony cannot be true for the reason that Dr.     F
Arora has examined him in the hospital on the occurrence day
and has found injuries which were fresh on his body. PW2 Moti
Lal in his examination-in-chief did not state anything about the
injuries on the accused. In the cross-examination he has stated
that during the occurrence accused Sudarshan Verma                  G
snatched the axe from the hands of accused Jagdish and his
hand was injured during snatching process and an injury was
also caused near the eyes by the axe. He has also stated that
he did not see whether any injury was caused to Deep Narain
during the occurrence. It is his further testimony that he is       H
      114       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2014] 6 S.C.R.


- A   mentioning above for the first time before the Court. It is
      needless to say that no reliance can be placed on such a
      testimony. In the same way PW3 Ram Lakhan has not stated
      anything about the injuries of the accused in his testimony-in-
      chief. In the cross-examination he has stated that he did not see
 B    accused Sudarshan suffering any injury during the occurrence.

            18. In Babula/ Bhagwan Khandare and another vs. State
      of Maharashtra [(2005) 10 SCC 404] this Court held:

            "Non-explanation of the injuries sustained by the accused
 C          at about the time of occurrence or in the course of
            altercation is a very important circumstance."

           The eye-witnesses who deny the presence of injuries on
      the person of the accused are lying on most material point, and
      therefore, their evidence is unreliable. It assumes much greater
  0
      importance where the evidence consists of interested or
      inimical witnesses. In the present case admittedly there was
      enmity between the accused family and the deceased family
      and PWs 1 to 3 are interested as well as inimical witnesses
  E   and their denial of injuries on the person of acc1,1.sed, makes
      their evidence unreliable.

            19. The situs of attack is also alleged to be not established
      by the prosecution. In the First Information Report the
      complainant PW3 Ram Lakhan has stated that he and his sons
  F   were sitting in their flour mill and were chatting at about 6.00
      a.m. when the assailants came and attacked them. In the
      testimony, PW1 Bali Raj h~s stated that they w~re sitting in front
      of their house when the assault took place. PW2 Moti Lal has
      testified that the attack did not occur on flour mill but occurred
  G   in the verandah of house of Prabhunath. PW3 Ram Lakhan has
      testified that the place of occurrence is about 50 steps away
      from the flour mill. Thu's there is inconsistency about the place
      of occurrence in their testirrioriies and a doubt creeps in.
      Though blood-stained earth was claimed to have been seized
  H   from the occurrence place by the Investigating Officer PW?
     GANESH DATT v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND                       115
               [C. NAGAPPAN, J.)
Su render Singh, it was not sent for chemical examination which       A
could have fixed the situs of the assault. lri aimost all criminal
cases the blood-stained earth found from the place of
occurrence is invariably sent to the chemical examination and
the report along with the earth is produced in the Court and yet
this is one exceptional case where this procedure was departed        B
from for reasons best known to the prosecution.

      20. We are of the considered view that the prosecution has
failed to prove the guilt of the appellants beyond reasonable
doubt, and therefore, they are entitled to be acquitted.
                                                                      c
     21. In the result Criminal Appec;I No.1881 of 2011 is
allowed and the conviction and sentence imposed on appellant-
Ganesh Datt are set aside and he is acquitted of the charges
and he is directed to be set at liberty unless wanted in
connection with any other case. Criminal Appeal No. 1884 of           D
2011 in respect of appellant Jagdish stands abated. As far as
other appellants namely, Sudarshan Verma, Deep Narain and
Rajendra are concerned, the said appeal is allowed and the
conviction and sentence imposed on them are set aside and
they are acquitted of the charges and they are directed to be         E
set at liberty unless wanted in any other case.

Nidhi Jain                                          Appeal allowed.