DR.BUDHIKOTASUBBARAOversusMR. K. PARASARAN AND ORS.

A                       DR.BUDHIKOTASUBBARAO
                                          v.
                        MR. K. PARASARAN AND ORS.

                                AUGUST 13, 1996

B                 [DR. A.S. ANAND AND K.T. THOMAS, JJ.)

          Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 : Sections 195, 107 and 340.

          Indian Penal Code, 1860: Sections 191, 192 and 193.

C         Official Secrets Act, 1923 : Sections 3 and 6.

          Atomic Energy Ac~ 1962: Sections 18.19 and 26(2).

           Prosecution for offences under Official Secrets Act and Atomic Energy
    Act-Conselll and authorization given by Attorney General and Chief
D   Vigilance Officer of Department of Atomic Ene~alidity of-Allegation of
    accused that consent and authorisation for his prosecution was given 'without
    due care and attention' and 'without proper application of mind' which
    amounted to giving 'false evidence' and 'fabricated false evidence' for use in
    judicial proceedings-Held accusation of accused was reckless and bereft of
E   any factual foundation-Held even if this submission is, for the sake of
    arguments accepted (though there is no basis for accepting the same) it cannot
    lead to an inference that the document conveying consent was a 'false
    document' or that giving of 'consent' amounted to giving of 'false evidence'
    or 'fabricating false evidence' at any stage of judicial proceedings.

F         Practice and Procedure

          Finality must attach to some stage of judicial proceedings-No litigant
    has a right to unlimited drought on the court time and public money in order
    to get his affairs settled in the manner as he wishes-Easy access to justice
    should not be misused as a licence to file misconceived or frivolous petitions.
G
         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Miscel-
    laneous petition No. 3830 of 1996.

                                          In

H         Criminal Appeal Nos. 275-77 of 1993.
                                     574
                   B.K SUBBARAO v. K. PARASARAN                        575

    From the Judgment and Order dated 14.10.91 and 12.10.91 of the           A
Bombay High Court in Cr!. W.P. No. 180/91 and C.R.A. No. 123 of 1991.

      S.M. Jadhav for the Applicant/Opp. Party

      In-person for the Respondents.
                                                                              B
      A.M. Khanwilkar for the Respondents No. 2.

      The foliowing Order of the Court was delivered ;

     DR. ANAND, J. We have heard the applicant who has appeared in
person at length.
                                                                              c
       The applicant took voluntary retirement from the Indian Navy while
holding the rank of a Captain on 27th October, 1987. While on this way to
USA on May 30, 1988, he was detained at the Sahar International Airport,
Bombay. His suitcase was taken away from him and he was taken to the D
Sahar Police station and locked up. He was alleged to be carrying atomic
and defence secrets with him. His successive applications for release on
bail were rejected by the Metropolitan Magistrate, the Sessions Court and .
by the Bombay High Court. Ao order granted him bail on, "medical
grounds" was cancelled by this Court. After obtaining consent of the then
Attorney General of India, Mr. K. Parasaran (respondent No. 1 herein) E
under Section 26(2) of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and authorisation from
the Chief Vigilance Officer of the Department of Atomic Energy Mr. S.K.
Bhandarkar (respondent No. 2 herein) for proceeding against the applicant
and prosecuting him for the various offences alleged against him, he was
committed by the learned committing Magistrate to stand his trial in the F
court of Sessions. Charges for offences including the offences under Sec-
tion 3/6 Official Secrets Act and Sections 18/19 of the Atomic Energy Act,
1962 were framed against him. Against the order for framing of charges,
the applicant unsuccessfully approached the Bombay High Court through
revision application No. 96/89. The applicant thereafter file a criminal writ
petition in the High Court once again inter alia calling in question the order G
for framing. of charges and during the pendency of the writ petition, he
fded a criminal miscellaneous petition in the High Court also alleging that
the charges against him were vitiated by 'fraud' on the basis of the allega-
tions made in the application, committed by the State and the Public
Prosecutor. While matters rested thus, on 26.4.1991 the learned Sessions H
    576                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A Judge trying the case, found that the prosecution had not obtained any
  sanction to prosecute the applicant and concluded that in the absence of
  sanction under Section 197 Cr.P .C. the trial was vitiated and accordingly
  discharged the applicant. The High Court while considering the criminal
  revision petition filed by the State against the order of discharge declined
  to interefere but found that since the case had travelled beyond the stage
B of Section 227/228 Cr.P.C. an order of acquittal and not one of discharge
  was warranted and converting the order of discharge into an order of
  acquittal dismissed the petition filed by the State on 12.10.1991. Though
  technically the criminal writ petition filed by the applicant had thus been
  rendered infructuous, a learned Single Judge, after dismissal of the revision
c petition filed by the State, heard the writ petition and the miscellaneous
  petition and made an order passing strictures against the State and Public
  Prosecutor virtually accepting various pleas raised by the applicant alleging
  commission of 'fraud' by the special prosecutor and the State. The State
  of Maharashtra aggrieved by that order of the High Court, filed SLP (Cr!.)
D No. 4178/91 (Criminal appeal No. 275 of 1993) in this Court. On March
  16, 1993, a Bench of this Court allowed the appeal and set aside the order
  dated 28.10.1991 passed in the criminal miscellaneous petition and the
  criminal writ petition and directed that in view of the order of discharge
  made in favour of the applicant by the trial court, criminal writ petition
  would stand dismissed as infructuous. The 'remarks' made by the learned
E Single Judge of the High Court against the State and the Public Prosecutor
  were also directed to be expunged. This Court expressed it disapproval of
   the manner in which the High Court had proceeded with the case .

        . The order of discharge made by the learned Sessions Judge and
F confirmed by the High Court was also challenged by the State through SLP
  (Cr!.) 986/92 (criminal appeal No. 276/93). A Division Bench of this Court
  dismissed the appeal against the order of discharge of the applicant, being
  criminal appeal No. 276. of 1993. This Court, however, opined that the
  order of discharge made by the trial court was sound and that the High
  Court fell in error in converting it irrto an order of acquittal. The order of
G acquital was consequently converted into an order of discharge. The ap-
  plicant was awarded costs of Rs. 25,000 taking into consideration the
  menial suffering and financial loss suffered by him. While dismissing the
  appeal it was observed that. "since the appeal fails for non-compliance of
  Section 197 and the order discharging the accused has to be upheld we do
H not propose to examine the finding if authorisation under O.S. Act and
                   ll.K. SUBBARAO v. K. PARASARAN                      577

A.E. Act to prosecute the accused was valid or not." It transpires from the A
record that a review petition filed by the applicant inter-a/ia to invite a
finding on the validity of consent and auth01isation to prosecute him and
against the other 'findings' as recorded by this Court has also been seen
dismissed by this Court.

       In criminal appeal No. 277 of 1993, arising out of SLP (Cr!.) No.
                                                                              B
987/92, this Court set aside the order of the High Court dated 14th
October, 1991 made in criminal miscellaneous application No. 2260 of
1991. The short question which was considered by this Court in that appeal
was whether the High Court was justified in allowing the application filed
by the respondent for declaring that the charges framed by the Additional     C
Sessions Judge against him by the order dated 24-27th July, 1990 were "null
and void" and obtained by "fraud" practised by the State and the public
prosecutor. While elaborately dealing with the submissions made at the
bar, this Court observed :
                                                                              D
        "Merits or otherwise of the application, alleging fraud against the
        State, apart, what has left us completely surprised is not so much
        the entertaining of the application filed by the accused, for decla-
        ration that the charges framed against him were nullity having
        been procured by fraud as the procedure adopted by the learned
        Single Judge of granting the prayer merely for failure of the State E
        to file any reply by way of counter-affidavit then by recording any
        finding that the State was guilty of procuring the order framing the
        charges by fraud. One of the objections raised by the State was
        that since the High Court by its order passed on 25/26th March
        1991 in Criminal Writ Petition No. 966 of 1990 had specifically F
        held that the question of framing charge had become final, there- ·
        fore, it could not be re-opened, cannot be said to be without
        substance as the Division Bench had clearly held that it was not
        open to go behind the order passed by the learned Single Judge
        on 3rd/4th April 1990 directing that the charges be framed against G
        the accused not only under Section 3 but under Section 5 as well.
        Nor can any exception be taken to the finding of the Bench that
        the said order could not be said to have been passed without
        jurisdiction in as much as the learned Single Judge had jurisdiction
        to decide the revision application preferred m:1der the provisions
        of the Code. Even the question of fraud raised by the accused was H
    578                   SUPREME COURT REP OR TS [19%] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A           negatived by the Division Bench and it was held that it was not
            capable of being gone into as it did not form part of the substratum
            of the case of the prosecution and was not germane to the question
            of deciding as to whether he was entitled to be discharged or not."

    The Court then opined that the allegation that the framing of charge was
B procured by "fraud" was made without necessary foundation for the charge
    of fraud having been laid in the petition. The Bench also noticed that in
    paragraph 4 to 8 (of his application) the applicant had culled out sentences
    from one or the other order rendered for or against him by different courts
    and on that basis had claimed that State either knowingly did not place
c   correct facts to substantiate the observations made therein or deliberately
    concealed the truth and made fraudulent submissions thereby inducing the
    trial court to frame the charges. The Bench quoted in extenso paragraphs
    4, 5 and 7 of the application in that behalf and observed :

                 "We must confess our inability to appreciate the worth of such
D
            averments to establish fraud. Legal submissions cannot be equated
            to misrepresentation. In our opinion the pleadings fell short of legal
            requiremellts to establish fraud. Various selltences extracted from
            different judgme11ts betwee11 the accused a11d state in various proceed-
            i11gs could not give rise to an inference either i11 law or fact that the
E           State was guilty of fraud. Suffice it to say that it was complete
            misapprehension under which the accused was labouring and it was
            indeed u11fortunate that the High Court not only e11tertai11ed such
            application but adopted a course which amounted to reviewing and
            setti11g aside orders of his predecessor without sufficient material and
F           accept the claim that all earlier judgments were liable to be ignored
            under Section 44 of .the Evidence Act as the proceedings were
            vitiated by fraud. We are constrained to say that the learned Judge
            not only committed an error of procedure but misapplied the law."
            (Emphasis supplied)

G          The appeal filed by the State (criminal appeal 277/93 arising out of
    SLP (Crl.) No. 987/92) was allowed on 16.3.1993 and the order made by
    the High Court on 14.10.1991 in Criminal Miscellaneous Application No.
    2260/91 was set aside and the application of the applicant for declaring the
    order ·dated 24.27 February, 1990 framing the "charges against him as
H   vitiated by fraud" was dismissed ..
                    B.K SUBBARAO v. K. PARASARAN                         579

        We have referred to the history of the case only to show how the        A
applicant has, thanks to the permissiveness of the judicial system, filed one
petition after another to question the validity of the charges framed against
him even after an order of discharge came to be made in his favour. The
present petition under Section 340 Cr.P.C. against the then Attorney
General of India and the Chief Vigilance officer of the Department of           B
Atomic Energy also appears to be an attempt to carry on with the
'litigation', undaunted by the orders made by this Court in Criminal Appeal
Nos. 275-277 of 1993 on 16.3.1993.

       The main grounds on which this petition under Section 340 Cr.P.C.
is founded are that according to the applicant, the "consent" given by the      c
then Attorney General of India (Respondent Nos. 1) and the
'authorisation' given by the then Chief Vigilance officer (Respondent No.
2) were "false statements" as there was, according to him, no material
before either of the two respondents, on the basis of which they could have
given their "consent" and "authorisation" for his prosecution. The applicant, D
has alleged that respondent No. 1 without "due care and attention" and
without 'sufficient and proper application of his mind', made 'false' state-
ment to the effect that the record concerning technical material placed
before him, had 'satisfied' him that the provisions of Section 18 of the
Atomic Energy Act, 1962 were attracted against the applicaot and since E
the document dated 9.8.1988 (order conveying consent) containing the said
'false statement' made by respondent No. 1 was produced before the Court
as evidence of the fulfillment of the mandatory requirements laid down
under sub-section (2) of Section 26 of the Atomic Energy Ac~ 1962, it
amounted to giving of "false evidence":, attracting proceedings under Sec-
tion 340 Cr.P.C. against respondent No. l. It is also alleged that by giving
                                                                              F
his "consent" respondent No. 1 had "created falsity" for the department of
Atomic Energy to give its "illegal authorisation" on behalf of the Central
Government and that these actions of respondent No.1 also amounted to
fabricating "false evidence" and producing "false documents" before the
court. So far as the 'authorisation' given by the Chief Vigilance Officer is G
concerned, the application alleges that the. Chief Vigilance Officer (respon-
dent No. 2) 'without due care aod attention', and 'without aoy authority',
had signed and issued letter No. JS(B)/cvo/16/88 dated 16.8.1988 giving
'authorisation' on behalf of the Central Government to prosecute the
applicant 'in camera' for the alleged contravention of Sections 18 and 19 H
    580,                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A of the Atomic Energy Act and since the 'authorisation' issued by respon-
    dent No. 2 to prosecute him was 'illegal' and made 'without due care and
    attention' and 'without any authority' respondent No. 2 had committed
    "perjury". The applicant then states that "the document containing the
    illegal 'authorisation' issued by respondent No. 2 was produced as evidence
B   of the fulfillment of the mandatory requirement prescribed under clause
    (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 26 of the Atomic Energy Act, it had caused
    a "circumstance" for the Magistrate to entertain the e1Toneoits opinion that
    the bar for taking cognizance placed by clause (b) of sub-section (1) of
    Section 26 had been overcome thereby making him to take cognizance and
    issue process against the applicant, which action had 'deprived the life and
c   liberty'; of the applicant.

          The applicant also alleges that his 'prosecution' was 'illegal and
    unjustified' and that respondent No. 1 and no. 2 also committed an offence
    of criminal conspiracy under Section 120A of the Indian Penal Code.
D
           The applicant has made the following prayers in his application :

             (1) That this flon'ble Court may be pleased to :

             (i) record a finding that it is expedient in the interests of justice
E            that an inquiry should be made into the offences punishable under
             Section 193, 195 and 196 and also Section 120B of the Indian Penal
             Code and the ab~tment thereof which appear to have been com-
             mittee by the respondents No. 1 and No. 2 above named;

             (ii) make a complaint thereof in writing; and
F
             (iii) send it to a Magistrate of the first class having jurisdiction.

             (2) That this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to direct the
             Magistrate who is to act upon the complaint of this Court, that if
             during the inquiry it is found that there are others whose actions
G            or omissions would amount to any of the offences mentioned in
             Section 195 (l)(b) of the Criminal Procedure Code or any other
             offences, to proceed against them also according to law.

              (3) That this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to direct the Registrar
H             of the Supreme Court to take necessary action and ensure that the
                   B.KSUBBARAOv. K.PARASARAN                           581

        sanction under Section 197 of the criminal Procedure Code from A
        the Central Government is forwarded to the concerned Magistrate
        to prosecute the respondents No. 1 and No. 2 as per the complaint
        made by this Court under Section 340 of the Criminal Procedure
        Code.

      Leaving out unnecessary and repetitive submissions, what can be
                                                                              B
culled out from the averments made by the applicant in the memorandum
of the present application, is that respondent No. 1 and respondent No. 2
had given their "consent" and "authorisation" for his prosecution on behalf
of the Central Government "without due care and attention" and 'without
proper application of mind' and had thereby given "false evidence", and       C
"fabricated false evidence' for use in judicial proceedings, which evidence
became the basis of his prosecution.

       The applicant, it appears to us is labouring under grave misconcep-
tion both of law and facts and its filed this petition unmindful of the scope D
of the provisions of Section 340 Cr.P.C. as all as of Sections 191, 192 and
193 !PC. By no stretch of imagination, on the basis of the allegations made
in this application, can it be said that either respondent No. 1 or respon-
dent No. 2 had 'fabricated false evidence' or had given 'false evidence',
while giving 'consent' and 'authorisation' as required by law for the E
prosecution of the applicant in discharge of their official duties. A bare
look at Sections 191, 192 and 192 !PC would show that the said provisions
have no application to the case. Neither Respondent No. 1 nor Respondent
No. 2 can be said to have given 'false' evidence while giving the "consent"
and 'authorisation" unless the expressions 'false' and 'fabricated are used
as an 'abuse" rather than in the legal sense as defined in Section 191/192 F
!PC. How the applicant can allege that the recording of "satisfaction' by
the General was a "false statement" defies logic and sense? The accusation
is reckless and bereft of any factual foundation. It deserves notice that
neither the trial court nor even the High Court in its various orders made
for or against the applicant or this Court while dealing with the orders G
arising in the case against the applicant, has returned any finding, even
prima facie, that the 'consent' or the 'authorisation' given by respondents
No. 1 and 2 amounted to the giving of 'false evidence' or 'fabricating of
false evidence. According to the applicant, the 'consent' was given by the
then Attorney General of India 'without due care and attention' and even H
    582                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A if this submission is, for the sake of arguments, accepted (though there is
    no basis for accepting the same), we are of the opinion that it cannot lead
    to an inference that the document conveying consent was a 'false
    document' or that giving of 'consent' amounted to giving of 'false evidence'
    or 'fabricating false evidence' at any stage of judicial proceeding. There is
    no 'prima facie' material on the record from which any inference may be
B
    dra\vn that either Respondent No. 1 or Respondent No. 2 gave 'false
    evidence' or produced 'false' or 'fabricated' evidence in the Court. Con-
    sidering the submissions of the applicant, stripped to their bare essentials,
    the factual matrix on which allegations have been made against respon-
    dents Nos. 1 and 2 do not attract the provisions of Sections 191, 192 or 193
c   !PC. The filing of the present application appears to us to be an effort to
    get 'reopened' the case even after this Court decided criminal appeal No.
    275-277 of 1993 on 16.3.1993 and dismissed the review petition also more
    than three years ago. Finality must attach to some stage of judicial proceed-
    ings. The course adopted by the applicant is impermissible and his applica-
D   tion is based on misconception of law and facts. No litigant has a right to
    unlimited drought on the court time and public money in order to get his
    affairs settled in the manner as he wishes. Easy access to justice should not
    be misused as a licence to file misconceived or frivolous petitions. After ·
    giving our careful consideration to the submissions made at the bar as well
E    as those contained in the memorandum of the application, we are of the
    opinion that this application is misconceived, untenable and has no merits
    whatsoever. It is accordingly dismissed.

    T.NA,                                                   Petition dismissed.