Holding

The appellant cannot claim as of right that his Resident Medical Officer service be counted as teaching experience under the 7 September 1973 circular, but the State must consider his case in light of similar orders and the nature of his duties.

Summary

Dr. A.K. Sinha, who had served as a Resident Medical Officer in a Bihar medical college from October 1971 to April 1978, sought to have that period counted as teaching experience for promotion to Assistant and Associate Professor. The High Court dismissed his writ petition, holding that the Government Circular dated 7 September 1973 barred granting teaching experience to officers who had not held a regular teaching post after 24 November 1971. On appeal, the Supreme Court affirmed that the circular precludes a right to count his Resident Medical Officer service as teaching experience, finding no infirmity in the High Court's order. However, noting that the State Government had on several occasions granted teaching experience in similar cases, the Court directed the State to examine Sinha's case in light of those precedents and the nature of his duties. No opinion was expressed on whether the teaching experience should ultimately be granted; the appropriate authority was to decide after satisfaction of the facts. The appeal was disposed of with the said directions and no order as to costs.

Issues considered

Whether service as Resident Medical Officer from 19 Oct 1971 to 21 Apr 1978 can be counted as teaching experience for promotion under the Government Circular dated 7 Sep 1973.
Whether the circular violates Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution.
Whether the appellant, appointed before 24 Nov 1971, is exempt from the embargo in the second part of the circular.
Whether the State should reconsider the appellant's claim in view of other orders granting teaching experience in similar situations.

Subjects

service lawpromotionteaching experiencegovernment circularmedical collegeresident medical officerconstitutional lawArticles 14 and 16administrative instruction

Judgment

DR. ANIL KUMAR SINHA A
v.
THE STATE OF BIHAR AND ORS.

FEBRUARY 3, 1998
•.

[S. SAGHIR AHMAD AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.) B
y·

Service Law :

Promotion-Assistant Professor in Medical College-Posted as Resident
Medical Officer-Government Circular dated 7.9.1973 prohibiting grant of c
teaching experience to any person who has not worked on regular teaching
post-Claim for considering the service rendered as Resident Medical Officer
towards his teaching experience for promotion-Rejected by High Court-
On appeal, held, not entitled to claim as of right that service rendered as
Resident Medical officer to be counted as teaching experience in view of
Government Circular dated 7.9.1973-However, since the State Government D
has granted such benefit to others, direction issued to consider his case in
"' the light of the nature of service rendered by him.

The appellant was initiaily appointed as Civil Assistant Surgeon and
was thereafter posted as Demonstrator in Physiology Department. E
Subsequently he was transferred and posted on supernumerary duty as a
Medical Officer in Department of Paediatrics. In October 1971, he was
posted as a Resident Medical officer in the same Department and continued
till April, 1978. On aboljtion of post of Resident Medical Officer, he was
appointed as Registrar and then as Assistant Professor in the Department
of Paediatrics. The case of the appellant was that his services rendered as F
Resident Medical officer from 19.10.1971 till 21.4.1978 should be considered
""'< towards his teaching experience for the purpose of appointment as Assistant
Professor as well as Associate Professor. The writ petition filed by the
appellant was dismissed by the High Court holding that the period of service
from October 1971 to April 1978 as Resident Medical officer cannot be
G
counted as teaching experience in view of Government Circular dated 7.9.1973.
{'
l- Aggrieved by the order of the High Court, the appellant has preferred
the present appeal.
....;.
The contention of the appellant was that since he was appointed as H
513
514 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] l S.C.R.

A Resident Medical Officer prior to 24.1 I.1971 his case would not be governed
by the latter part of the Notification prohibiting grant of teaching experience r
to any officer who has not worked on a regular teaching post; that the State
Government itself on several instances have issued orders granting teaching
experience to the employees even in case of retired employees similarly
situated.
B
Disposing of the appeal, this Court

HELD : I. I. The appellant cannot claim as of right that the services
rendered by him for the period 19.10.1977 till 1.4.1978 should be counted
C as teaching experience in view of the Government Circular dated 7.9.1973.
Thus there is no infirmity in the order of Higo Court. (517-G J

1.2. The Government order dated 7.9.1973 clearly indicates that after
24.11.1971, no order for grant of teaching experience to any officer who has
not worked on a regular teaching post will be passed. Under the first part
D of the Notification when a doctor has worked against a non-teaching post and
worked against a post created on supernumerary duty then the Government
in the Health Department was passing independent orders as to whether the
period can be treated as teaching experience. Admittedly no such order has
been passed in favour of the appellant prior to 24.11.1971 or even till the date
of judgment. In that view of the matter the appellant does not get any benefit
E under the ~rst part of the Government Circular dated 7.9.1973. Necessarily
the embargo contained in the second part of the said Government circular
prohibiting the passing of an order for grant of teaching experience after
24.11.1971 would apply. The post against which the appellant had been
permitted to work from October 1971 to April 1978 is not a recognised
F teaching post though the appellant asserts that while working as such he had
been teaching the students of the Medical College. (507-D-E-F)

2. However in view of the allegation that in several instances the State
Government itself have issued orders granting teaching experience to the
employees, even in case of retired employee, the State Government is directed
G to consider the case of the appellant as to whether the services rendered by
him for the period 19.10.1971 till 21.4.1978 can be considered towards his
experience. This has to be done by considering the cases of others in whose
favour such orders have been issued and the nature of services rende.red by
the appellant. (518-DJ

H Dr. Ram Janma Singh v. State of Bihar, (1986) Supp. SCC 673 and Dr.
DR. A.K. SINHA v. STATE [G.B. PATTANAIK, .I.] 515

Asim Kumar Bose v. Union of India, 119831 2 SCR 16, referred to. A
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2126 of
1996.

From the Judgment and Order dated 11.9.89 of the Patna High Court
in C.W.J.C. No. 7543 of 1988. B
A. Sharan, Ambika Pd. Singh, S.P. Sinha, Vishnu Sharma and Neeraj
K. Nischal for the Appellant.

Pramod Swarup, Ms. Prerna Swarup and Prashant Chaudhary for the
Respondents. C

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

G.B. PATTANAIK, J. This appeal is directed against the judgment dated
11th September, 1989, passed by Patna High Court in Civil Writ Jurisdiction
case No. 7543 of 1988. The appellant had filed the Writ Petition for a mandamus D
... to the State to c·ount his services for the period 19. I 0.1971 to 21.4.1978 as
Resident Medical Officer in Durbangha Medical College towards his teaching
experience for the purpose of consideration of his appointment as Assistant
Professor as well as Associate Professor. The appellant had alleged that he
was appointed as a Civil Assistant Surgeon on 7.7.1962 and was thereafter E
posted as Demonstrator in the Physiology Department at Durbangha Medical
College which was a Private Medical College. On 13.1.1971, from the Department
of Paediatrics and was posted on supernumerary duty as a Medical Officer
in the Department of Paediatrics in the said Medical College. In October 1971
he was posted as a Resident Medical Officer in the same Department of
Paediatrics in Darbangha Medical College by order dated 16.10.1971 and he F
continued as such till April 21, 1978. The Post of Resident Medical Officer
on Supernumerary duty stood abolished in different Medical Colleges w.e.f.
22.4.1978. The appellant was then appointed as Registrar in the said Medical
College in the Year 1979 and then was appointed as Assistant Professor in
the Department of Paediatrics on 28.5.1986 which post he was holding on the G
date he filed the application in Patna High Court seeking the relief, as already
stated. The grievance of the appellant was that if his services rendered. as
Resident Medical Officer from 19. l 0.1971 till 21.4.1978 would have been counted
as teaching experience then he would have been appointed as Associate
Professor and that not having been done his rights under Articles 14 and 16
of the Constitution have been infringed. H
516 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998) l S.C.R.

A The State Government took the stand that the post of Resident Medical
)"
Officer is not a teaching post and on the other hand it was a post of
supernumerary duty and as such, the services rendered against the said post
cannot be counted as teaching experience in view of the Circular dated
7.9.1973. It was also contended that the services rendered against a regular
teaching post like Registrar can only be counted as teaching experience and
B that also only for a period of three years. As such no complaint can be made -,..
for not taking into account the services rendered by the appellant from
October 1971 till April 1978 as Resident Medical Officer towards his teaching
experience inas1r.uch as it is contrary to the Government Circular dated 7.9.1973.
The High Court by the impugned judgment construed the aforesaid
c Government Circular and came to hold that the period of the appellants'
services from October 1971 to April 1978 as Resident Medical Officer against
the Supernumerary post in the Depatiment of Paediatrics cannot be counted
as teaching experience. The High court further came to hold that the said
Government Circular dated 7.9.1973 cannot be held to be violative of Articles
14 and 16 of the Constitution. When it was pointed out on behalf of the
D appellant that the Supreme Court has disposed of a similar matter in a case
of Dr. Ram JannlG Singh - 1986 (Supp.) Supreme Court Cases 673, and has
directed that the judgment of the Supreme Court in Dr. Asim Kumar Bose's
case - (1983) 2 Supreme Court Reports 16, should be followed, the learned
Judge of Patna High Court examined the judgment in Dr. Ram Janma Singh 's
E case and came to hold that the relevant Government Circular dated 7.9.1973,
had not been brought to the notice of Their Lordships in Ram Janma Singh 's
case. To find out whether in Dr. Ram Janma Singh 's case the Government
Circular was actually brought to the notice of the Court or not we called for
the records of the said proceedings and on scrutiny we find that the said
Circular has not been brought on record. With these findings the Writ Petition
F having been dismissed the appellant has preferred this appeal.
r
The short question that arises for consideration is whether the services
rendered by the appellant as Resident Medical Officer in the Department of
Paediatrics for the period 19. l 0.197 l till 21.4.1978 can all be counted as the
teaching experience of the appellant? The answer to this question would
G depend upon the relevant Rules and/or Administrative instructions issued by
the Government of Bihar dealing with the service conditions of the doctors ...
in different Colleges and their interpretation. As it appears to us that at the
relevant point of time there was no Statutory Rule issued under Proviso to
Article 309 of the Constitution or any Act of the Legislature governing the
H service conditions of the doctors employed in Medical Colleges. In the absence
DR. A.K. SINHA v. STATE [G.B. PATTANAIK, J] 517

of any statutory rule it was open for the Staie Government to regulate service A
conditions by issuing relevant administrative instructions. The Government
Order dated 7.9 1973 is one such instruction dealing with the question of
teaching experience of the doctors appointed against different posts in the
Medical Colleges. The relevant part of the said Government Order has been
extracted in the impugned judgment of the High Court. That order clearly B
indicates that after 24.11.1971 no order for grant of teaching experience to any
officer who has not worked on a regular teaching post will be passed. Mr,
Saran, learned counsel appearing for the appellant, however, contended that
since the appellant had been appointed as a Resident Medical Officer prior
to 24.11.1971, namely, on 16.10.1971, his case will not be governed by the
latter part of the Notification which prohibits for an order for grant of teaching C
experience to any officer who has not worked on a regular teaching post.
According to the learned counsel the appellant's case would be covered by
the first part of the Notification itself and, therefore, High Court committed
an error riot treating the period from October 1971 to April 1978 towards the
teaching experience of the appellant. We are, however, unable to accept this
contention of Mr. Saran, learned counsel appearing for the appellant. Under D
the first part of the Notification dated 7.9.1973 when a doctor has worked
against a non-teaching post and worked against a post created on
supernumerary duty then the Government in the Health Department was
passing independent orders as to whether the period can be treated as
teaching experience. Admittedly no such order has been passed in favour of E
the appellant prior to 24.11.1971 or even till today. In that view of the matter
the appellant does not get any benefit under the first part of the Government
Circular dated 7.9.1973. Necessarily the embargo contained in the second part
of the said Government Circular prohibiting from passing an order for grant
of teaching experience after 24.11.1971 would apply. The post against which
the appellant had been permitted to work from October 1971 to April 1978 is F
not one of the recognised teaching post though the appellant asserts that
while working as such he had been teaching the students of the Medical
College. We are not required to go into the question and express any opinion
thereon, since in our considered opinion the appellant cannot claim as of right
that the services rendered by him for the period 19 .10.1971 till 1.4.1978 should G
be counted as teaching experience in view of the Government Circular dated
7 .9.1973. Consequently we see no infirmity with the ultimate conclusion of the
Division Bench of the High Court requiring our interference in this appeal.

In course of hearing, however, Mr. Saran, learned counsel appearing for
the appellant brought to our notice several instances where the State H
518 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1998] l S.C.R.

A Government itself have issued orders granting teaching experience to the
employees even in case of retired employees, as would be apparent from r ,
Annexures 7 and 8 to this appeal. An averment to that effect also has heen
made in paragraphs 18 and 21 of the Special Leave Petition. Though the State
of Bihar has entered appearance but no counter-affidavit has been filed. Mr,
B Pramod Swarup, Learned counsel appearing for the State of Bihar contended
before us that such a question had not been raised before the High court as
would appear from the judgment of the High Court. This may be true as
contended by Mr. Swarup, but in the Writ Petition that was filed before the
High Court such a ground appears to have been taken. In that view of the
matter we are not inclined to reject the contention of the appellant out right
C on that score. The appellant in the meantime has also retired from the
Government service. In the aforesaid premises, while we are not interfering
with the impugned judgment of Patna High Court but we think that ends of
justice require a direction to be given to the State of Bihar to consider the
case of the appellant as to whether the services rendered by him for the
D period 19.10.1971 till 21.4.1978 can at all be counted towards teaching
experience. This has to be done by considering the cases of others in wh'.lse
favour such orders have been issued, as indicated by the a·ppellant, and the
nature of services rendered by the appellant as compared to those services
rendered by other persons who according to the appellant are similarly situated.
We make it clear that we express no opinion on the same and the Appropriate
E Authority will take a decision depending upon the nature of duties discharged
by the appellant while working as Resident Medical Officer in the Department
of Paediatrics in Durbangha Medical College. Be it be stated that the Competent
Authority should be satisfied that infact the appellant has been teaching the
students and on such satisfaction being arrived at an appropriate order can
F be issued. If the Competent Authority issues such an order in favour of the
appellant then the appellant's case for getting any higher promotion from any
anterior point of time on the basis of such teaching experience may be re-
considered. Ifthe appellant fails to get any order from the Competent Authority
that the services rendered for the Period October 1971 to April 1978 would
be counted towards teaching experience, then any further exercise is not
.G necessary.
This appeal is disposed of with the aforesaid observations and directions.
There will be no order as to costs. '-!:

S.V.K.I. Appeal disposed of.