DILAWAR BALU KURANEversusSTATE OF MAHARASHTRA

     ,_
     I



                                 DILA WAR BALU KURANE                                    A
                                                v.
                                STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

                                         JANUARY 8, 2002

             [SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI AND S.N. PHUKAN, JJ.]                            B

                Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947/Indian Penal Code, 1860-Sections
          5(2) and 5(1) (d)/Sections 161and477 A.

                Accused-Lecturer of private college-Appointed to evaluate answer         C
          scripts by University-Charged for accepting bribe for increasing marks-
           No prime facie case made against the accused-Held, the charges on the very
          face of it were redolent of improbability and absurdity and there was not
           even remote chance of the charges ultimately culminating into conviction.

.               Shivaji University Act, 1974-Section 73(4)                               D

    .,          lecturer of private college appointed for evaluation of answer scripts
          by University-Whether public servant at relevant time to invoke proceeding
          u/s 5 of Prevention of Corruption Act-Held, is a public servant under
          Section 73(4) as he was appointed by University for a specified work and       E
          was not public servant u/s 21 lPC-/ndian Penal Code, 1860-Section 21-

-         Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947-Section 5.

                Criminal Procedure Code, 1973

               Section 227-Jurisdiction under-Scope of-limited to broad                  p
          probabilities of the case, the total effect of evidence and the documents
          produced-Not to make a roving enquiry into the pros and cons of the matter
          and weigh the matter as if it is a trial.

                Interpretation of Statutes
                                                                                         G
                Legislative intent-Words in a statutes should not be brushed aside as
          courts always presume that legislature inserted every part thereof for a
          purpose.

                Marginal Notes-Consideration of-Held, when the language ofSection
                                               75                                        H
                                                                                      ~-

    76                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2002] l S.C.R.

A is clear and unambiguous, there is no need of refer to the marginal note-                         ·--
    Jt cannot restrict the meaning of the Section-Shivaji University Act, 1974-
    Section 73(4).                                                                         -:;..-

           Appellant, a lecture of a college run by Municipal Corporation was
    appointed to evaluate answer scripts by the University. It was alleged that he
B   demanded and accepted money for increasing marks of a candidate. Registrar,
    after information of the alleged act, filed a First Information Report after 7
    days of the occurrence. No incriminating article was recovered from the
    accused. The statement of witnesses was recorded by police after ten months.
    As per the prosecution, trap was laid by private individuals to prove the               ·--
C   acceptance. Chargesheet was filed against the accused-appellant under
    Section 1611477 A IPC and under Sections 5(2) and 5(1) (d) of Prevention of
    Corruption Act, 1947.

          Appellant filed writ petition under Article 227 of the Constitution read
    with Section 482 Cr.P.C. for quashing the charge. High Court directed the
D   appellant to approach Trial Court.

         Appellant filed application under Section 227 Cr.P.C. before Special
                                                                                           .
    Judge which was dismissed without considering the merit and holding that           ""
    appellant was a public servant. The revision petition against the same before
    High Court was also dismissed.
E
          In appeal to this Court, the appellant contended that he was not a public
    servant and to be a public servant under Section 73(4) ofShivaji University
    Act, 1974, a person must be salaried officer or employee of the University
    and that in view of marginal note of Section 73, sub-section (4) of Section 73
                                                                                              -
F   would apply as conditions of service to the employees of University.

          Allowing the appeal, the Court

           HELD: I.I. The appellant being a lecture of a private college would
    not come within the definition of public servant as contained in Section
G   21 of the Indian Penal Code. But, since he was appointed by the University for
    a specified work, namely to evaluate answer scripts, he was public servant at
    the relevant time under sub-section (4) of Section 73 of Shivaji University
    Act, 1974. [81-D-E)

         State a/Gujarat v. Manshankar Prabhasankar Dwivedi, (1973) l SCC
H 313, distinguished.
                   D.B. KURANEv. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA                             77
          1.2. Words in a statute should not be brushed aside as the Courts             A
    always presume that legislature inserted every part thereof for a purpose and
~   the legislative intention is that every part of the statue should have effect.
    Language of Section 73(4) of the Act is clear and the intention of the
    legislature was to bring the categories of persons, as indicated in the Section
    under the purview of sub-section (4) and these persons would be deemed to be        B
    public servants. [80-G-H; 81-AI


           1.3. It cannot be said that in view of marginal note of Section 73, sub-
    section (4) of Section 73 would apply as conditions of service to the employees
    of the University. There is no need to refer to the marginal note as the language
    of Section 73(4) of the Act is clear and unambiguous and at any rate the            C
    marginal note cannot restrict the meaning of the Section. [81-BI


          2. No prima facie case was made against the appellant. In the alleged
    trap no police agency was involved; the FIR was lodged after seven days; no
    incriminating articles were found in the possession of the accused and              D
    statements of witnesses were recorded by police after ten months of the
    occurrence. Not to speak of grave suspicion against the accused in fact
    prosecution has not been able to throw any suspicion. (82-il(


          3. In exercising powers under Section 227 of the Code of Criminal             E
    Procedure, the settled position of law is that the Judge while considering the


-   question of framing the charges under the said section has the undoubted
    power to sift and weigh the evidence for the limited purpose of finding out
    whether or not a prima facie case against the accused has been made out;
    where the materials placed before the Court disclose grave suspicion against
    the accused which has not been properly explained the Court will be fully           F
    justified in framing a charge and proceeding with the trial; by and large if
    two views are equally possible and the Judge is satisfied that the evidence
    produced before him while giving rise to some suspicion but not grave
    suspicion against the accused, he will be fully justified to discharge the
    accused, and in exercising jurisdiction under Section 227 of the Code of            G

-   Criminal Procedure, the Judge cannot act merely as a post office or a
    mouthpiece of the prosecution, but has to consider the broad probabilities of
    the case, the total effect of the evidence and the documents produced before
    the Court but should not make a roving enquiry into the pros and cons of the
    matter and weigh the evidence as if he was conducting a trial.
                                                                   [81-F-G-H; 82-AI     H
    78                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2002] l S.C.R.

A           Union of India v. Praful/a Kumar Sama/ and Anr., (1979) 3 SCC 5,
    referred to.

            CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 8 of
    2002.

B          From the Judgment and Order dated 7.3.98 of the Bombay High Court
    in Cr!. R. Application No. 19 of 1990.

         Nikhil Sakhardane, Arun Pedenakar and Ms. Meenakshi Sakhardande
    for Vishwajit Singh for the Appellant.                                                  1·
                                                                                        .
C           H.W. Dhabe and S.S. Shinde for S.V. Deshpande for the Respondent.

            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

            PHUKAN, J. Leave is granted.

D          The appellant at the relevant time was a Lecturer in Y.B. Chavan College,
     Kolhapur, State of Maharashtra, a college run by the Municipal Corporation
    and affiliated to the Shivaji University, Kolhapur. The appellant received a
    letter from the University inviting him to evaluate the papers in Accountancy
    (theory) at the B. Com. Ilnd Year examination, which was accepted. On 1st
E   May, 1986, one Ashok Salokhe, who also appeared in the said examination,
    approached the appellant and expressed his inability to clear the above paper
    which was to be examined by the appellant. According to the prosecution,
    the appellant demanded Rs.400 from him and on the next day, around 4.30
    p.m., the appellant accepted Rs. 400 from him and thereafter scored out the
    previous marks given on the answer script and increased the number to
F   enable the said student to get through the paper in question. It was the
    further case of the prosecution that private individuals tried to lay trap on 2nd
    May to prove acceptance of the amount by the appellant. The Registrar of
    the University on getting information of the alleged occurrence took away all
    the answer scripts from the appellant. After one week, i.e. on 9th May, 1986,
G   the Deputy Registrar of the University filed a First Information Report before
    the police against the appellant. On the next day, the police searched the
    house of the appellant in his absence but nothing incriminating was found.
    Ten months after the above alleged occurrence, statements of Salokhe and
    one Sawant were recorded by police and thereafter charge sheet was filed
    against the appellant under Section 161/477A of the Indian Penal Code and
H   Section 5(2) read with Section 5( I)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act,
                      D.B.KURANEv. STATEOFMAHARASHTRA[PHUKAN,J.]                          79
              194 7 and process was issued to the appellant calling upon him to stand trial     A
  ~           for the alleged offences. The appellant approached the High Court of Judicature
              at Bombay by filing a Writ Petition under Article 227 of the Constitution read
              with Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure for quashing the charges
              which was disposed of with the observation that 'prima facie the prosecution
              case seemed to be resting on flimsy foundation'. However, instead of quashing     B
              the charges directed the appellant to approach the trial Court. Accordingly,
              an application under Section 227 of the Code of Criminal Procedure was filed
   --.        before the Special Judge, which was dismissed. Being aggrieved by the said
         >    order, the appellant filed a ~evision Petition before the High Court, which was
              also dismissed by the impugned judgment.
                                                                                                c
                    Two points need our consideration, namely, (1) whether the appellant
              was a public servant at the relevant time for invoking Section 5 of the
              Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, and (2) whether the charges against the
              appellant on the very face of it are redolent of improbability and absurdity
              and there is not even remote chance of the charges ultimately culminating into
              conviction.                                                                       D
         ·-
                     We may state here that Special Judge while considering the application
              under Section 227 of the Code of Criminal procedure did not at all consider
              the application on merit and mainly proceeded to decide whether the appellant
              was a public servant. The High Court without analysing the material on            E
              records rejected the contention on the ground that 'certainly a grave suspicion
......
              is created by the appellant committing offences other than that under Section
              4 77 A.' The Special Judge held that the appellant was a public servant but the
              High Court left this question open.

                    Admittedly, the appellant being a lecturer of a private college would not   F
              come within the definition of public servant as contained in Section 21 of the
              Indian Penal Code. There is a special provision in the Shivaji University Act,
              1974, namely, sub-section (4) of Section 73, which is extracted below:

                    "Conditions           Section 73:
                    of Services                                                                 G
                                         (1)

                                         2)

                                         (3)
                                         (4)   ~II salaried officers and employees of the       H
     80                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2002] l S.C.R.

A                                      University, including those appointed by the
                                       University for specified periods or for
                                       specified work, or who receive any
                                       remuneration such as allowances, fees or
                                       other payments from the University Fund,
                                       shall be deemed to be public servants for
B                                      the purposes of all criminal laws for the time
                                       being in force."

           We have to consider whether in view of the above sub-section, the
     appellant would be deemed to be a public servant.
c          On a plain reading of the above sub-section, the following categories
     of persons shall be deemed to be a public servant for the purposes of all
     criminal laws. These categories are:

            I.    all salaried officers and employees of the university;
D           2.    those appointed by the university for specified purpose or for
                  specified work;
                                                                                         -·
            3.    persons who receive any remuneration such as allowances, fees
                  or other payments from the fund of the university.

E           Learned counsel for the appellant has contended that sub-section (4)
     consists of two categories of salaried officers and employees, that is, (I) those
     officers or employees who were appointed for a specified period or for a work
     or (II) those officers and employees who receive remuneration such as
     allowances, fees and other payments and in other words, according to learned
     counsel to be a public servant under sub-section (4) a person must be first
F    of all salaried officers or employee of the University. According to the learned
     counsel if the intention of the legislature was to cover under this provision
     all persons who receive any type of remuneration, then the words 'any
     person' would have been used instead of using the word 'or' before 'who' and
     the word 'or' indicates an alternative and not addition.
G.
           This is a settled principle of interpretation that words in a statute
     should not be brushed aside as the Courts always presume that legislature
     inserted every part thereof for a purpose and the legislative intention is that
     every ~'ff of the statute should have effect. Language of sub-section (4) is
     clear and the intention of the legislature was to bring the categories of
H    persons, as indicated above, under the purview of sub-section (4) and these
             D.B. KURANE v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [PHUKAN, J.]                    81

     persons would be deemed to be a public servant. We are, therefore, unable         A
     to accept the contention of the learned counsel as any other interpretation
     would go contrary to the intention of the legislature.

           Drawing our attention to the marginal note of Section 73, learned counsel
     for the appellant contended that sub-section (4) of Section 73 would apply
     as Conditions of Service to the employees of the University. We need not          B
     refer to the marginal note as the language of sub-section (4) is clear and
     unambiguous and at any rate the marginal note cannot restrict the meaning
     of the Section. Therefore, the said contention is not acceptable to us.

           Our attention was drawn to the decision of this Court in State of
     Gujarat v. Manshankar Prabhasankar Dwivedi, [1973] 1 SCC 3 13. In that C
     case, a lecturer of Government College was appointed as an examiner by the
     University and it was alleged that he took Rs. 400 from a candidate at the
     examination for showing favour. On these facts, this Court held that a person
     appointed as an examiner by the University even if he was a lecturer of a
     Government College would not be a public servant within the meaning of D
     Section 21 of the Indian Penal Code. We have already observed that the
     appellant would not come under the purview of the said Section 21 and,
     therefore, that decision is of no help. In the case in hand, the appellant was
     appointed by the University for a specified work, namely to evaluate answer
     scripts and, therefore, he was a public servant at the relevant time under sub-
     section (4) of Section 73 of the Act.                                           E
             Now the next question is whether a primafacie case has been made out
      against the appellant. In exercising powers under Section 227 of the Code of
      Criminal Procedure, the settled position of law is that the Judge while
      considering the question of framing the charges under the said section has
      the undoubted power to sift and weigh the evidence for the limited purpose F
      of finding out whether or not a prima facie case against the accused has been
      made out; where the materials placed before the Court disclose grave suspicion
      against the accused which has not been properly explained the Court will be
      fully justified in framing a charge and proceeding with the trial; by and large

-     if two views are equally possible and the Judge is satisfied that the evidence G
      produced before him while giving rise to some suspicion but not grave
      suspicion against the accused, he will be fully justified to discharge the
      accused, and in exercising jurisdiction under Section 227 of the Code of
    · Criminal Procedure, the Judge cannot act merely as a post office or a
      mouthpiece of the prosecution, but has to consider the broad probabilities of
      the case, the total effect of the evidence and the documents produced before H
                          '
    82                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2002] l S.C.R

A the Court but should not make a roving enquiry into the pros and cons of
    the matter and weigh the evidence as if he was conducting a trial [See Union
    of India v. Prafulla Kumar Sama/ Anr., [ 1979] 3 SCC 5].

          As stated earlier, neither the Special Judge nor the High Court considered
    the materials on records while framing charge and there was no application
B   of mind and the Special Judge merely acted as a post office. All the materials
    produced by the prosecution against the accused were duly considered by
    the High Court while disposing of the Writ Petition filed by the appellant. In
    coming to the conclusion that the prosecution case rests upon flimsy
    foundation and it is quite possible that the chances of a conviction are bleak,
C   the High Court recorded as follows:

             "Without in any way prejudging the issue I must say that the vital
             content of the prosecution case seems somewhat amazing. An
             association of students provides money to an examinee to get his
             marks increased. This is said to have been done and the answer-
D            books attached. The First Information Report is given some seven
             days after this incident. Information of the offence is conveyed to a
             police station and yet investigation by the A.C.B. is taken up as late
             as March 1987. Nothing incriminating has been found with the
             Petitioner."

E          We have perused the records and we agree with the above views
    expressed by the High Court. We find that in the alleged trap no police
    agency was involved; the FIR was lodged after seven days; no incriminating
    articles were found in the possession of the accused and statements of
    witnesses were recorded by police after ten months of the occurrence. We are,
    therefore, of the opinion that not to speak of grave suspicion against the
F   accused, in fact prosecution has not been able to throw any suspicion. We,
    therefore, hold that no prima facie case was made against the appellant.

           We find merit in the present appeal and accordingly it is allowed by
    setting aside .the impugned judgment and consequently the criminal proceeding
G   against the appellant is quashed.

    K.K.T.                                                       Appeal allowed.,