DHARMESH @ NANU NITINBHAI SHAHversusSTATE OF GUJARAT

                                                    '''".; --


A                    DHARMESH @ NANU NITINBHAI SHAH
                                  v.
                           STATE OF GUJARAT

                                  ; AUGUST
                                 -.     .. . I
                                               I, 2002 -

B          [D.P. MOHAPATRA AND P. VENKATARAMA REDD!, JJ.]
                                 .'   .-   ~   ''


           Constitution of India, 1950...-:.Article 136-Special Leave Jurisdiction--
     Exercise of-Non- production of sanction order before the Magistrate at the
C    siage of committal of the case-Accused raising objectio'I of non-production
     ofsanction for thefirst time in revision application and High Court dismissing
     the application-Interference by Supreme Court-Held, not justified since that
     would result in further delay in holding the trial, more so when the petitioner
     inexplicably failed to raise the objection at the earliest-Code of Criminal
     Procedure, 1973 Sections 196 and 193.
·D
            Charge-sheet was filed against the petitioner for offences under
      sections 120-B, 121, 121-A, 122, 123 and 212 of the IPC and under sections
      25(1)(A) and (B), 27 of the Arms Act before the Magistrate. Magistrate
     'committed the cafe to Sessions Court Before charges were framed sanction
     order was produced before Sessions Court Petitioner filed an application
E     for discharge on the ground that there was no prima facie evidence to
      frame charge against him. The application was rejected. Petitioner then
      filed revision application under section 397/401 Cr.P.C. and on the
      additional ground that the entire proceedings including committal of the
      case to the Sessions Court were vitiated by illegality for want of sanction
      under section 196 Cr.P.C. High Court dismissed the application. Hence
F
      the present Special Leave Petition.

           Dismissing the petition, the Court

           HELD: 1. The petitioner did not choose to raise the objection
G    regarding non- production of sanction order either before the Magistrate
     or even before the Sessions Court. It was raised for the first time in the
     revision application filed in the High Court. This contention could have
     been considered by this Court, if substantial relief could be granted to the
     petitioner or if injustice could he averted. At best, the matter could be
     sent hack to the Magistrate to go through a fresh process of committal
H                                               406
                            --
                   DHARMESH@ NANU NITINBHAI v. ST ATE                     407
  after receiving the sanction order filed by the prosecution. In any case,      A
· the matter would have to come up to the Sessions Court again. The
  compliance with the formality would only result in further delay in holding
  the trial, without any corresponding advan~age to the petitioner. Such a
  situation should not be permitted to happen while exercising the
  jurisdiction under Article 136, more so when the petitioner inexplicably       B
  failed to raise the objection at the earliest. Evidently, he chose to raise
  the objections in piecemeal without apparent justification. Hence it is not
  a fit case to interfere under Article 136. (411-A-D]

       2. The que.tion whether the sanction order under Section 196 is
 required to be produced before the Magistrate who takes cognizance in           C
 the first instance or before the Sessions Court which has exclusive
 jurisdiction to try the offence has been left open by the Court, while
 observing that the Sessions Court also takes cognizance of the offence
 irrespective of the Magistrate taking cognizance thereof for the purpose
 of committal of the case. [410-E, F]
                                                                                 D
      RR. Chari v. State of UP .. [1951] SCR 312; Superintendent and
 Remembrancer of Legal Affairs, West Bengal v. Abani Kumar Banerjee. AIR
 1950 Cal. 437; Rajender Kumar Jain v. State, [1983] I SCC 435; State of
 UP. v. Lakshmi Brahman, [1983] 2 SCC 372 and Gangula Ashok v. State of
 Andhr.a Pradesh, ]2000] 2 SCC 504, referred to.
                                                                                 E
     CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Special Leave Petition
 (CRL) No. 662 of 2002.

      From the Judgment and Order dated 3.11.2001 of the Gujarat High
 Court in Crl.R.A. No. 542 of 2000.
                                                                                 F
      R.K. Mahesshwari, Waqar Ahmed, H.P. Sharma, Rishi Maheshwari,
 Ms. Shally Bhasin Maheshwari and Ms. Ritu Rastogi for the Petitioner.

      S.K. Dholakia, Ms. Hemantika Wahi, Ms. Anu Sawhney and Ms. Aruna
 Gupta, for the Respondent.
                                                                                G
      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

       P. VENKATARAMA REDDI, J. This Special Leave Petition arises
 out of the order passed by the learned Single Judge of the High Court of
 Gujarat, rejecting the revision application filed by the petitioner herein against
 the order of Addi. Sessions Judge, Ahmedabad. A charge-sheet for offences H
    408                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. I S.C.R.

A punishable under Sections 120-B, 121, 121-A, 122, 123, 212 IPC and under
  Sections 25(l)(A) and (B), 27 of the Arms Act came to be filed by the police
  on 12th April, 2000 in the Court of Metropolitan Magistrate. The petitioner
  figures as accused No.9 therein. The case being triable exclusively by the
  Court of Sessions, the learned Magistrate submitted the case to the Court of
B City Sessions by an order dated 4.5.2000. Sanction for prosecution as required
  by Section 196(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code was obtained on 7th May,
  2000, such sanction being necessary in view of the fact that the petitioner
  stands accused of some of the offences falling under Chapter VI of the Indian
  Penal Code viz. collection of arms for the purpose of waging war against the
  Government etc. Sanction accorded by the State Government was produced
C before the Court of Sessions before the charge was framed against the
  petitioner-accused. The petitioner applied to the Court of Sessions for discharge
  on the ground that there was no prima-facie evidence to frame the charge
  against him. That application was rejected by the learned Addi. Sessions
  Judge, Ahmedabad. Thereupon, a revision petition was filed in the High
  Court under S. 397/401 Cr.P.C. In that revision an additional ground was
D raised for the first time that the entire proceedings including committal of the
  case to the Court of Sessions are vitiated by illegality for want of sanction
  under S. 196 Cr.P.C. and, therefore, the criminal proceedings cannot go on
  against him. The High Court by the impugned order dated 3. l l.2001 dismissed
  the revision application, rejecting both the grounds urged. Hence, this Special
E Leave Petition. After notice to the State, we have heard the learned counsel.
           We are concerned here with the second ground, that is to say, the effect
    of non-production of sanction order before the learned Magistrate who
    committed the case to the Court of Sessions as that is the only point urged
    before us. The High Court was of the view that while committing the case
F   to the Court of Sessions, the Magistrate cannot be said to have taken cognizance
    of the offence. "It cannot be laid down", observed the learned judge "that
    unless Magistrate takes cognizance, he cannot commit the case to the Court
    of Sessions". The Learned judge, after referring to the decisions of Calcutta
    and Kerala High Courts, observed thus: "In both the decisions relied upon on
G   behalf of the petitioner, it has been laid down that the committal proceedings
    is an enquiry before the Magistrate. It is not necessary, therefore, that during
    the enquiry, Magistrate is obliged to take cognizance of the offence. The
    glaring example is in Section 200 Crl.P.C. when Magistrate conducts enquiry
    before issuing process under Section 204 ........ ". The learned Judge of the
    High Court therefore held that the ban under S. 196( l) is not attracted to the
H   committal proceedings. The correctness of the view taken by the High Court
     DHARMESH@NANUNITINBHAlv. STATE [P. VENKATARAMAREDDI, J.]            409

has been questioned before us.                                                 A
      Section 196 (1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure enjoins that "no
Court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under Chapter VI of
the Indian Penal Code, except with the previous sanction of the Central
Government or of the State Government". The sanction of the Government
is thus a pre-condition for the cognizance of the offences specified in various B
clauses of Section 196. Section 193 enacts a bar against the Court of Sessions
taking cognizance of any offence as a Court of original jurisdiction unless the
case has been committed to ii by a Magistrate under the provisions of the
Code. However, if the Code or any law in force expressly provides for the
Court of Sessions directly taking cognizance, the fetter under Section 193 C
does not apply. The other provision which deserves notice is Section 209. It
provides for commitment of case if it appears to the Magistrate that the
offence is triable exclusively by the Court of Sessions. In R.R Chari v. State
o/U.P., (1951SCR312), this Court observed, relying on the dicta in Gopal
Marwari v. Emperor, AIR (1943) Patna 245 that the word 'cognizance' was
used in the Code to indicate a point when a Magistrate or a Judge first takes D
judicial notice of an offence and that it is a different thing from the initiation
of proceeding. The following exposition of law by Das Gupta, J. in
Superintendent and Remembrancer of Legal Affairs, West Bengal v. Abani
Kumar Banerjee, AIR (1950) Cal. 437 was quoted with approval by the
Supreme Court :
                                                                               E
        "What is taking cognizance has not been defined in the Criminal
        Procedure Code and I have no desire to attempt to define it. It seems
        to me clear however that before it can be said that any magistrate has
        taken cognizance of any offence under section 190(1) (a), Criminal
        Procedure Code, he must not only have applied his mind to the contents F
        of the petition but he must have done so for the purpose of proceeding
        in a particular way as indicated in the subsequent provisions of this
        Chapter-proceeding under section 200 and thereafter sending it for
        inquiry and report under section 202. When the Magistrate applies
        his mind not for the purpose of proceeding under the subsequent
        sections of this Chapter, but for taking action of some other. kind, G
        e.g., ordering investigation under section 156(3), or issuing a search
        warrant for the purpose of the investigation, he cannot be said to have .
        taken cognizance of the offence."

     Both the learned counsel relied on the above passage to support their
arguments. That apart, the learned counsel for the petitioner relying on the   H
    410                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. I S.C.R.

A   observations made in .the decision of this Court in Rajender Kumar Jain v.
    State, [1983] l SCC 435 and State of U.P. v. Lakshmi Brahman, [1983] 2
    SCC 372 submits that the committal, even under the new Code, is not a
    mechanical act, but a judicial function to be performed by the Magistrate.
    The Magistrate has to be satisfied that an offence is prima facie disclosed and
    such offence is triable exclusively by a Court of Sessions. The fact that the
B   proceeding before the Magistrate is in the nature of an inquiry does not make
    any difference, according to the learned counsel. The learned counsel then
    submits that the inquiry culminates in making the order of commitment and
    thus facilitates trial before the Court of Sessions and therefore the dicta laid
    down by Das Gupta, J. applies with full force. The fact that the Court of
C   Sessions is disabled from taking cognizance as a Court of original jurisdiction
    (vide Section 193) is a definite point that the Magistrate takes cognizance
    before passing an order of commitment, argues the learned counsel.

           The learned counsel for the respondent State seeks support from the
    judgment of the High Court and further contends that the proceedings are not
D   vitiated merely for the reason that the sanction order was not produced at the
    stage of committal of the case.

          Though there is considerable force in the argument of the learned counsel
    for the petitioner that the Magistrate does take cognizance of the offence
    before committing the case to the Court of Sessions, still the question remains
E   whether the sanction order is required to be produced before the Magistrate
    who takes cognizance in the first instance or before the Sessions Court which
    has exclusive jurisdiction to try the offence. Though the Sessions Court cannot
    take cognizance of the offence as a Court of original jurisdiction, it has to
    necessarily take cognizance before commencing the trial after committal.
F   That the Sessions Court takes cognizance of the offence irrespective of the
    fact whether the committal Magistrate at an anterior point of time had taken
    cognizance of the same offence for the purpose of committal cannot be
    doubted. If any authority is needed, we may refer to the following observations
    in Gangula Ashok v. State of Andhra Pradesh, [2000] 2 SCC 504) :-

G           "The section imposes an interdict on all Courts of Session against
            taking cognizance of any offence as a court of original jurisdiction.
            It can take cognizance only if 'the case has been committed to it by
            a Magistrate', as provided in the Code."

          We are not inclined to discuss the issue further and express our opinion
H   on the question formulated in the preceding paragraph. We are of the view
       DHARMESH@NANUNITINBHAlv. STATE [P. VENKATARAMAREDDI, J.]                411

that it is not a fit case to interfere by granting leave in exercise of jurisdiction   A
under Article 136. Firstly, as already noticed, the petitioner did not choose
to raise the objection regarding sanction either before the Magistrate or even
before the Sessions Court. The only point urged before the learned Sessions
Judge in the application for discharge was that there is no evidence even
prima facie to connect the accused with the offence. The contention regarding          B
non-production of the order of sanction before the Magistrate was urged for
the first time in the Revision filed in the High Court. Even then, we could
have considered this contention, if substantial relief could be granted to the
petitioner or if injustice could be averted. Assuming that the petitioner is
right in his contention, at best, the matter has to be sent back to the Magistrate
to go through a fresh process of committal after receiving the sanction order          C
filed by the prosecution. In any case, the matter would have to come up to
the Sessions Court again. The compliance with the formality would only
result in further delay in holding the trial, without any corresponding advantage
to the petitioner. Such a situation should not be permitted to happen while
exercising the jurisdiction under Article 136, more so when the petitioner
inexplicably failed to raise the objection at the earliest. Evidently, he chose        D
to raise the objections in piecemeal without apparent justification. For these
reasons, the petition is dismissed.

N.J.                                                           Petition dismissed.