COMMISSIONER OF TRADE TAX, U.P.versusASSOCIATED DISTRIBUTORS LTD.

                                 [2008] 7 S.C.R. 695


                      COMMISSIONER OF TRADE TAX, U.P.                      A
                                        v.
                       ASSOCIATED DISTRIBUTORS LTD.
                         (Civil Appeal No. 6636 of 2002)
                                    MAY 5, 2008
                                                                           B
        ,.      [ASHOK BHAN AND DALVEER BHANDARI, JJ.)

                  Uttar Pradesh Sales Tax Act - Rate of tax - On 'Bubble
             gum' - HELD.Rate of Tax would be at 10% as unclassified
             and non-scheduled item and not at the rate of 6. 25% as a     c
             sweetmeat (mithai) - 'Bubble-gum' cannot be considered as
             'mithai' in the State of Uttar Pradesh - Uttar Pradesh
             Government Notifications No. Vya Ka-2-1225/Eleven dated
             31.3.1992 and No. VYa Ka-2-3403/Eleven dated 1.10.94.
                  The question for consideration in the present appeals D
             is rate of tax applicable on the sales of Bubble-gum.
             Appellant-Revenue imposed the tax at the rate of 10%
             inclusive of surcharge as an unclassified and non-
             schedule item. Respondent-assessee challenged the
~
             same. Appellate Court taxed it at the rate of 6.25%. In E
             second appeal, Sales Tax Tribunal concluded that Bubble-
             gum is neit.her a sweatmeat (Mithai) nor confectionary,
             hence tax is liable to be paid as an unclassified item. High
             Court, in revision, reversed the judgment of the Tribunal.
             Hence the present appeal.                                    F
                  Allowing the appeal, the Court
    "             HELD: 1.1 By no stretch of imagination, can 'Bubble-
             gum' be considered as 'mithai' in the State of Uttar
             Pradesh. Consequently, 'Bubble-gum' is taxable as an G
             unclassified good. The notification issued under UP
             Sales Tax Act, the mithai (sweetmeat), cooked food,
             namkin etc. are under one entry, but it does not mean
             that namkin and cooked food is sweetmeat (mithai).
                                        695                                H
    696      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2008] 7 S.C.R.


A (Paras 12 and 21) [701-D; 702-G; 703-A]
        1.2 Bubble-gum in the common parlance cannot be
  construed as Mithai (sweetmeat). In common parlance,
  even items of confectionery will not be construed as
  sweetmeat (mithai). In fact, Bubble gum is not an item for
B eating. It is kept in the mouth and after chewing the same
  is thrown out. In fact, it is used as a 'mouth freshener'. It     '   ""
  is not made only of sugar. It contains gum base, vexes
  etc. along with sugar. (Para 8) [700-A, B, C]

c       1.3 The High Court while coming to the finding that
  the Bubble-gum cannot be treated as a 'sweetmeat' but it
  is certainly an item of confectionery gave no reasons for
  its finding. The respondent did not give any break up of
  the ingredients of 'Bubble-gum'. It was never the case of
  the respondent that 'Bubble-gum' was a sugar product.
D
  Confectionery is not even mentioned in the notification
  issued by Government of Uttar Pradesh. The High Court
  ought to have properly comprehended the object of the
  Notification. In the facts and circumstances, the High
  Court should have applied common parlance test to
E determine proper categorization of Bubble-gum. (Paras
  14 and 15) [701-E, F, G, H; 702-A]
                                                                        .,
        Nutrine Chewing Gum Products Co. Pvt. Ltd., Arya Nagar,
    Lucknow STI 1985 21 - relied on.
F        Pappu Sweets and Biscuits and Anr. v. Commissioner of
    Trade Tax, UP, Lucknow 1998 (7) SCC 228; Annapurna
    Biscuit Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v State of UP 1975 UPTC 620;
    Gum India Ltd. Kanpur v Commissioner of Trade Tax 1996
    STD Tribunal 124 - referred to.
G
        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
    6636 of 2002.
         From the Judgment and Order dated 9.11.2001 of the High
    Court of Judicature at Allahabad in TTR No. 656/2001.
H
      COMMNR. OF TRADE TAX, U.P. v. ASSOCIATED                   697
       DISTRIBUTORS LTD. [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.]

                                 WITH                                   A
         Civil Appeal No. 3270, 3271 of 2008 and Civil Appeal No.
    2112 of 2007.
         Aarohi Bhalla, Manoj Kr. Dwivedi (for G. Venkateswara
    Rao). for the Appellant.                                            B
)

         S.K. Bagaria, Kavin Gulati, Rashmi Singh, Avnish, Pandey
    (For Kamlendra Mishra) for the Respondents In C.A. No. 6636/
    2002.
         Dhruv Aggarwal, Praveen Kumar for lnterverner in C.A.          c
    No. 6636/2002.
         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
         DALVEER BHANDARI, J. 1. Leave granted in the
    Special Leave Petitions.
                                                                        D
         2. These appeals are directed against the judgment and
    order dated 09.11.2001 of the High Court of Judicature at
    Allahabad passed in Trade Tax Revision No.656 of 2001.
         3. In these appeals, a common question of law arises,
                                                                        E
    therefore, for the sake of convenience the facts of only Civil
    Appeal No.6636 of 2002 are recapitulated.
          4. The issue involved in these appeals is confined to the
    rate of tax applicable on the sales of Bubble-gum. According to
    the appellant, Bubble-gum is taxable as an unclassified good        F
    and would attract the duty at the rate of 10% inclusive of
    surcharge. In the impugned judgment, the High Court arrived at
    the conclusion that Bubble-gum is a confe~tionery item and,
    therefore, be taxed at the rate of 6.25%.
          5. The Tax Assessing Officer for the assessment year          G
    1994-95 has levied the tax with additional tax at the rate of 10%
    treating Bubble-gum as unclassified and non-scheduled item.
    In an appeal filed by the respondent, the learned First Appellate
    Court accepted the submission of the respondent and taxed
    Bubble-gum at the rate of 6.25%. The appellant aggrieved by         H
    698        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2008] 7 S.C.R.


A   the said order preferred the second appeal before the Sales
    Tax Tribunal, Branch-II Ghaziabad. The Tribunal in detail
    discussed the controversy involved in the case.

          6. Under the UP Sales Tax Act, a notification fixing the rate
    of tax on Bubble-gum for the year 1994-95 was not issued. Under
B   the Government Notification No.Vya Ka.-2-1225/Eleven dated
    31.3.92 and Notification No.Vya.Ka.-2-3403/Eleven dated
    1.10.94, the liability for payment of tax has been fixed for Sweets,
    Sweetmeat, Namkeen, Cooked Food, Revadi, Gajak, Biscuit,
    Double-bread, Cake, Pastry, Rusk and the products of Sugar
C   under the UP Sales Tax Act,

          7. It is pertinent to mention here that the official language
    of the State of Uttar Pradesh is Hindi. If any difference is found
    between the notifications in English and Hindi, the notification
    issued in Hindi will be applicable. On the said notification, the
0
    courts have decided that confectionery comes within sweets
    (mithai) and sweetmeat, but it has not been mentioned that
    Bubble-gum comes within the category of a Sweet.
      8. This court in the case of Pappu Sweets and Biscuits &
E Another v. Commissioner of Trade Tax, UP, Lucknow (1998)
  7 sec 228 observed thus:
          "12. "There is no doubt that a toffee is a sweetmeat, as
          understood by the people where toffee originated" and
          that "Toffee and other things of that nature are of foreign
F         origin and are sweets or sweetmeat according to those
          people and their nature cannot be changed simply because
          their origin is different from what is usually conveyed by
          the word 'mithai' in this part of the country", the High Court
          preferred to decide the issue by relying upon how toffee
G         is understood by the people of the country where it
          originated rather than by considering how "toffee" is
          understood in India and more particularly in the State of
          U.P. As held by this Court in CCE v. Parle Exports (P) Ltd.
          (1989) 1 sec 345 p. 357 para 17:
H
COMMNR. OF TRADE TAX, U.P. v. ASSOCIATED                  699
 DISTRIBUTORS LTD. [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.]
       "The words used in the provision, imposing taxes or A
       granting exemption should be understood in the same
       way in which these are understood in ordinary
       parlance in the area in which the law is in force or by
       the people who ordinarily deal with them."
  In that case, the question that had arisen for consideration   B
  was whether non-alcoholic beverage bases are food
  products or food preparations in terms of Central Excise
  Notification No. 55/75 dated 1-3-1975. This Court
  observed that non-alcoholic beverages are not understood
  in India as food products or food preparations, though         C
  they might have been regarded as such in foreign
  countries. The High Court, therefore, should have applied
  the test of popular parlance by finding out how toffee is
  understood in the country and more particularly in the State
  of U.P. No evidence was led by the State to substantiate       D
  its case that "toffee" is considered as sweetmeat either
 ·by the dealers in toffees or by the consumers. On the other
  hand, evidence was led by the appellant in CA No. 1692
  of 1997 indicating that toffee is not considered as
  sweetmeat, that they are not sold in shops selling             E
  sweetmeats but are sold in shops selling confectioneries
  or other types of goods, and that the consumers do not
  buy toffees as sweetmeat or treat them as such. It was,
  however, contended by the learned counsel for the State
  that sometime before this exemption notification was           F
  issued QY the State, the Allahabad High Court had in two
  cases held that toffee is a sweetmeat. But it was so held
  in a different context and no evidence was led by the State
  to show that thereafter, the dealers in toffees and
  consumers started treating them as sweetmeat. In the Hindi
  version of the notification for the word sweetmeat the word    G
  "mithai" is used. The word "mithai" has a definite
  connotation and it can be said with reasonable amount of
  certainty that people in this country do not consider toffee
  as "mithai". The High Court committed a grave error in         H
    700        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2008] 7 S.C.R.


          holding that as some manufacturers of toffees sell their
          products by describing them as sweets it can be said that
          in commercial circles toffee is known as sweetmeat."
        If the ratio of the aforesaid judgment is properly
  comprehended then Bubble-gum in the common parlance
B cannot be construed as Mithai (Sweetmeat). When we apply
  common parlance test and in fact ask someone to bring the
  sweets from the market, he will never bring Bubble-gum. In
  common parlance, even items of confectionery will not be
  construed as sweetmeat (mithai). In fact, Bubble-gum is not an
C item for eating. It is kept in the mouth and after chewing the
  same is thrown out. The Bubble-gum while kept in the mouth by
  the children is also inflated as a balloon. In fact, it is used as a
  'mouth freshener'. It is not made only of sugar. It contains gum
  base, vexes etc. along with sugar.
D
       9. According to Wikipedia, the encyclopedia, Bubble-gum
  is a type of chewing gum especially designed for blowing
  bubbles.
       10. The Commissioner, Sales Tax, UP has relied on
E judgment in Nutrine Chewing Gum Products Co Pvt. Ltd., Arya
  Nagar, Lucknow (STI 1985 page 21) and observed that:-
          "ln chewing-gum, sugar is an almost insignificant. ... over it
          is not eatable. Its use is entirely different. Children use it
          just for a fun and athletes for controlling the breath. In
F         common parlance also nobody treats it as an item of
          confectionery. I, therefore, hold that chewing-gum is an
          unclassified item."
         Thus, it is clear that Chewing-gum and Bubble-gum do not
G fall in the category of Sweetmeat (mithai). The learned appellate
  Court has relied on the judgment dated 4.4.1998 delivered by
  the Sales Tax Tribunal in Second Appeal No.449 of 1992 titled
  Gum Products Pvt. Ltd., Ghaziabad v. Commissioner, Sales
  Tax. The Tribunal also relied on the judgment delivered by the
H High Court in the case of Pappu Sweets & Biscuits v.
          COMMNR. OF TRADE TAX, U.P. v. ASSOCIATED                      701
           DISTRIBUTORS LTD. [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.]
_.,
       Commissioner of Trade Tax (1995 UPTC 1089); Annapurna                    A
       Biscuit Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. State of UP (1975 UPTC 620)
       and the judgment of the Sales Tax Tribunal, Kanpur in Gum India
       Ltd. Kanpur v. Commissioner of Trade Tax (1996 STD Tribunal
       124). According to these judgments, 'Chewing-gum and Bubble-
       gum, etc. are taxable as 'sweetmeat' and confectionery items.            B
,      The tribunal also considered the judgment delivered in the case
       of Pappu Sweets (supra).

             11. The notification issued under UP Sales Tax Act, the
       mithai (sweetmeat), cooked food, namkin etc. are under one
       entry, but it does not mean that namkin and cooked food is               c
       sweetmeat (mithai). The copy of Part V &XI and VIII of the Food
       Analysis Book which has been submitted, there is a mention
       about several items like bread, rusk, foodmeat, white bread,
       cream role ice-cream, cone, Bombay Halwa etc. In this one of
       items mentioned is Bubble-gum. It does not mean that Bubble-             D
--:·
       gum is a sweetmeat (mithai) or confectionery.

             12. The Tribunal clearly came to the conclusion that
       Bubble-gum is neither sweetmeat (mithai) nor confectionery. The
       tax is liable to be paid on Bubble-gum as an unclassified item.
                                                                                E
             13. The respondent aggrieved by the said judgment of the
       tribunal filed a revision petition before the High Court of judicature
       at Allahabad.

              14. The High Court came to the specific finding that the
       Bubble-gum cannot be treated as a sweetmeat but it is certainly          F
 ...   an item of confectionery. In the impugned judgment, the High
       Court gave no reasons for its finding. The respondent did not
       give any break up of the ingredients of Bubble-gum. It was never
       the case of the respondent that Bubble-gum is a sugar product.
       Confectionery is not even mentioned in the notification. The High        G
       Court ought to have properly comprehended the object of the
       notification.

           15. In the facts and circumstances, the High Court should
       have applied common parlance test to determine proper
                                                                                H
    702       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2008] 7 S.C.R.


A categorization of Bubble-gum. It may be pertinent to mention
  that the respondent has not filed any appeal against the said
  finding of the High Court that Bubble-gum is not a sweetmeat.
         16. The appellant aggrieved by the judgment of the High
    Court dated 9.11.2001 has preferred this appeal.
B
         17. The dispute is confined to the assessment year 1994-
    95. According to the respondent, Bubble-gum was covered by
    the specific entry at SI. No.48 of notification dated 7.9.1981 as
    amended by notification dated 31.3.1992. The said entry no.48
c   reads as under:
          "Sweetmeats, namkins, cooked food, rewari, gajak,
          biscuits, bread, cakes, pastries, buns, rusks and sugar
          products, except any of the aforesaid goods which are
          exempt under any other notifications issued under UP
D         Sales Tax Act."
        18. Learned counsel for the respondent made serious
  efforts to demonstrate that the Bubble-gum should be classified
  in the category of 'sweetmeat'. He frankly conceded that the
E High Court gave a specific finding that the Bubble-gum cannot
  be treated as sweetmeat and that finding was not challenged
  by the respondent.
       19. The learned counsel for the respondent submitted that
  the Bubble-gum contains 60% sucrose by weight and it being a
F product of sugar, it should come in the category of sweetmeat.
       20. The respondent submitted that the expression 'sugar
  products' has not been defined. It would mean and cover any
  product which is very rich in sugar. A product in which sugar is
  predominant constituent over other constituents and which does
G not have coverage by any other more specific heading is clearly
  a sugar product.
        21. In Pappu Sweets (supra), this court in order to give
  meaning to the notification issued by the State of Uttar Pradesh
H has laid great emphasis on the common parlance test. The court
       COMMNR. OF TRADE TAX, U.P. v. ASSOCIATED                      703
        DISTRIBUTORS LTD. [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.]
    gave an apt illustration of a toffee. Toffee in the country of origin   A
    may be considered as sweetmeat but it cannot be considered
    as mithai in this part of the country (Uttar Pradesh). Similarly, by
    no stretch of imagination, can Bubble-gum be considered as
    mithai in the State of Uttar Pradesh. Consequently, 'Bubble-gum'
,   is taxable as an unclassified good.                                     B
         22. These civil appeals are accordingly allowed and the
    impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside. In the facts
    and circumstances, we direct the parties to bear their own costs.
    K.K.T.                                             Appeal allowed       c