CHANDRAWATIversusRAMJI TIWARI & ANR. ETC.

                      [2010] 9 S.C.R. 897


                        CHANDRAWATI                           A
                                   v.
                RAMJI TIWARI & ANR. ETC.
         (Criminal appeal Nos. 1098-1099 of 2003)

                      JANUARY 14, 2010
                                                              B
    [HARJIT SINGH BEDI AND J.M. PANCHAL, JJ.]

    PENAL CODE, 1860:

     ss. 302 and 302 rlw 109 - Multiple murders - Accused C
who fired at victims, convicted by trial court uls 302 and
sentenced to death - Other four convicted u/s 3021109 and
sentenced to life imprisonment - High Court declining death
reference and also acquitting the others - Appeals by State
and complainant - HELD: On facts, there was no charge for     o
the offence u/s 109 - It must, therefore, be held that as two of
the accused had claimed the right of private defence and had
also produced defence evidence in accordance with the plea,
non-framing of a Charge uls 109 against the four acquitted
accused had clearly caused prejudice to them - However, in E
the circumstances of the case, it would not be in the interest
of justice to remand the case, more particularly, as it is the
admitted position that the only role attributed to the four
accused who have been acquitted by High Court is~ exhorting
the other accused to kill the enemy - Appeals dismissed.
                                                              F
    Wakil Yadav vs. State of Bihar 2001 SCC (Cr/.) 149;
Joseph Kurian Philip Jose . Vs. State Of Kera/a 1994 ( 4 )
 Suppl. SCR 122 =1994 ( 6) SCC 535- relied on.

     Sohan Lal @ Sohan Singh & Ors. Vs State of Punjab        G
 2003 (4 ) Suppl. SCR 676 = 2003 (11) sec 534; Dalbir
Singh vs. State of UP. 2004(5) SCC 334; Radha Mohan Sigh
vs. State of UP. 2006 (2) SCC 450, referred to.
   Judgment Recd. on 07.10.2010.
                                   897                        H
    898      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A      Willie (Wiliam) Slaney vs. State of M. P. (1955)
    SCR 1140 =1956 AIR 116 - distinguished.

                             Ca~e- Law Reference:

     2001 sec (Crl.) 149              relied on            para 4
B
     (1955) SCR 1140                  distinguished        para 5

     2004(5) sec 334                  referred to.         Para 5
                             /

     2006 (2) sec 450                 referred to          para 5
c    2003 (4)         Suppl. SCR 676 referred to           para 6
     1994 ( 4) Suppl. SCR 122 relied on
                  I
                                                           para 6
              I

      CRIMINAL APPEL.LATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal
D Nos. ,1098-1099 of 2003.
        From the Judgment & Order dated 26.8.2002 of the High
    Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Criminal Appeal Nos. 2130
    & 1992 of 2000.

E                                 WITH

    Crl. Appeal No.1100-1101 of2003.

        R.K. Dash, S.K. Dwivedi, Manoj Kr. Dwivedi, Vandana,
    G.V. Rao, P.K. Jain, Gunnam Venkateswara Rao for the
F   Appellant.

          A. Marlarputham, R.K. Dash, S.R. Setia, Praveen Swarup,
  P.K. Deyfor, T.A. Khan, R.K. Tanwar, A.K. Sharma, P.K. Jain,
  S.K. Dwivedi, Manoj Kr. Dwivedi, Vandana, G.V. Rao for the
G Responden~.           •

          The following order of the Court was delivered

                                   ORDER

H         1. This order will dispose of Criminal Appeal Nos. 1100-
   CHANDRAWATI v. RAMJI TIWARI & ANR. ETC.                899


1101 of 2003 titled State of U. P. Vs. Ramji Tiwari & Ors. and   A
Criminal Appeal Nos. 1098-1099 of 2003 titled Chandrawati
Vs. Ramji Tiwari & Anr. Etc.

    2. The facts have been taken from the appeals filed by
Chandrawati Devi, the complainant in Criminal Appeal             B
Nos.1098-1099 of 2003.

      3. On 31st October, 1997 the accused were removing hay
from the land in front of the house of Nazir, a neighbour of
Chandrawati. Nazir objected to this action and started abusing
them and tried to assault them as well. On hearing the C
altercation Chandrawati's husband Bindeshwari and son Raj
Kumar came out to intervene on which Godavari-accu.sed
brought a double barrel (DBBL) gun and cartridges and gave
them to accused Ramji Tiwari and exhorted him to kill Nazir and
the others to settle the dispute for all times to come. Ramji D
Tiwari first fired a shot at Nazir and a second shot at Smt.
Kunna (PW-4) wife of Hazrat Ali. On hearing the sound of Dthe
firing, the other accused namely Virendra Tiwari,
Chandreshwar Tiwari and Laxmi further exhorted Ramji Tiwari
and shouted that Bindeshwari was also coming from a Side E
 lane and he too should not be spared. On this Ramji Tiwari fired
a shot at Noor Jahan, Bindeshwari and his son Raj Kumar.
 Nazir and Bindeshwari died at the spot whereas Raj Kumar,
Smt. Kunna and Noor Jahan were seriously injured. The incident
was witnessed by Nawwa, Narad, Laxmi and others. F
Chandrawati lodged a FIR at about 10.40 a.m. on 31st October,
1997. The bodies of the deceased, and the injured who were
in serious condition, were removed to the Primary Health
 Centre at Etwa but Raj Kumar succumbed to his injuries on the
way and Noor Jahan too succumbed to her injuries a little later. G
 On the completion of the investigation, the case was committed
to the Court of Sessions. The Court of Sessions framed
 charges inter alia under Sections 302/149, 307/149, 147, 148
 and 307 of the Indian Penal Code. Relying on the evidence of
the injured witnesses and that of the doctor and keeping in view
                                                                  H
    900      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A   all the circumstances, the Sessions Judge vide his judgment
    dated 8th August, 2000 convicted Ramji Tiwari under Section
    302 and sentenced him to death. The other accused were
    convicted under Sections 302 read with 109 of the Indian Penal
    Code and were sentenced to imprisonment for life.
B
       4. The matter was thereafter taken to the High Court in
  appeal by the accused and was also referred on the question
  of the death sentence under Section 366 of the Code of
  Criminal Procedure. The High Court declined the murder
  reference but dismissed the appeal filed by Ramji Tiwari. The
C High Court also acquitted the other four appellants relying on
  the Judgment of this Court in Wakil Yaaav Versus State of
  Bihar [2001 SCC (Crl.) 149] held :

          "The appellant having faced trial for being a mem- ber of
D         an unlawful assembly which achieved the com- mon object
          of killing the deceased, could in no event be substantively
          convicted for offence under Section 302 l.P.C with the aid
          of Section 109 l.P.C. There was obviously thus not only a
          legal flaw but also a great prejudice to the appellant in
E         projecting his defence. He, on such error committed by the
          High Court, has rightly earned his acquittal."

       5. Two appeals have been filed in this Court, one by
  Chandrawati, the complainant, challenging the acquittal of the
  four accused as also seeking a death sentence for Ramji
F Tiwari, and the other by the State of U.P. making the same
  prayer. We also see from the record that the SLP filed by Ramji
  Tiwari has been dismissed at the initial stage.
       6. Mr. Das, the learned Senior Counsel for the appellant-
G State of U.P. in Criminal Appeal Nos.1100-1101 of 2003 at the
  very initial stage argued that the High Court had taken a very
  hyper technical view in the matter and had placed reliance on
  the judgment in Wakil Yadav's case (supra) but the judgment
  ~foresaid had ignored the provisions of Section 464 of the
H Code of Criminal Procedure whereby in order to vitiate a trial
    CHANDRAWATI v. RAMJI TIWARI & ANR. ETC.                901


and a conviction on the ground of the non framing or incorrect A
framing of the charge, prejudice had to be shown by the
accused. It has further been highlighted that this court in AIR
1956 SCC 116 [William Slaney Vs. State of M. P.], 2004 (5)
SCC 334 [Oalbir Singh Vs. State of UP.] and 2006 SCC (2)
450 [Radha Mohan Singh Vs. State of U.P.] had held that a B
conviction could be recorded even if a charge had not been
framed until and unless the accused could show prejudice and
as in this matter the facts of the case clearly revealed no
prejudice whatsoever as the accused were fully aware of the
case that was being put against them, the High Court was not      c
justified in making an order of acquittal. He alternatively prayed
that if this Court was of the view that prejudice had indeed been
occasioned the matter should be remitted to the Trial court for
fresh trial from the stage of the framing of the charge. The
learned counsel for the respondents has however cited 2003
                                                                   0
(11) SCC 534 [Sohan Lal @ Sohan Singh & Ors. Versus
 State of Punjab] and 1994 (6) SCC 535 [Joseph Kurian Philip
Jose Versus State of Kera/a} to contend that prejudice was
 implicit as a charge under Section 109 of the IPC had not been
framed.
                                                                  E
     7. We have heard learned counsel for the parties at length
and gone through the record. We find that the matter is covered
in favour of respondent accused by several judgments including
Wakil Yadav's case (supra).

     8. In Sohan Lat's case (supra), similar observations had F
been made. In this case a charge under Section 304 (b) of the
Indian Penal Code simplicitor had been framed and the Trial
Court had not framed any charge under Section 302 or 109 of
the Indian Penal Code. It was held that in the absence of a
charge under Section 302 or Section 109 of the Indian Penal G
Code, it would cause prejudice to the accused if he was
convicted for either of those offences at the end of the trial
     In para 7 it was observed as under:-
     "Section 211 of the Code of Criminal Procedure requires      H
    902      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A         that the charge against the accused be precise-ly stated.
          Sub-section (4) of Section 211 of the Code of Criminal
          Procedure specifically requires that the law and section of
          the law against which the offence is said to have been
          committed shall be mentioned in the charge. The learned
B         counsel for the respondent State, relying on Section 464
          of the Code of Criminal Procedure, urged that failure to
          specify Section 109 in the charge-sheet against Sohan Lal
          was a mere irregularity which would not vitiate the trial
          without proof of prejudice to the accused. We cannot
c         agree. The learned counsel for the accused is fully justified.
          in his submission that failure to frame a charge with regard
          to the substantive offence of Section 109 IPC has certainly
          prejudiced the accused in the trial court. The accused
          Sohan Lal @ Sohan Singh was called upon to face trial
          only for the charge under Section 304-B IPC. Neither a
D
          charge under Section 302 IPC nor under Section 109 IPC,
          was levelled against him in the charge-sheet. In the
          absence of a charge being framed against the accused
          Sohan Lal under Section 302 or 108 IPC, it would certainly
          cause prejudice to him, if he is convicted under either of
E         these offences at the end of the trial. In our view, it was
          not permissible for the trial court to convict the first accused
          So- han Lal for the offence under Section 302 read with
          Section 109 IPC. His conviction under Section 302 read
          with Section 109 IPC is, therefore, illegal and is liable to
F         be set aside. The High Court erred in upholding the
          conviction of Sohan Lal @ Sohan Singh under Section 302
          read with Section 109 IPC and dismissing his appeal."

         9. Wakil Yadav's case and Sohan Lat's case have their
G   basis in the judgment of this Court in Joseph Kurian case
    (supra). In this case the basic premise that an accused who
    had not been charged for the substantive offence could not be
    convicted thereunder and if the direct involvement of an
    accused in a crime could not be established, it was difficult to
H   hold that such an accused could be convicted of an abetment
   CHANDRAWATI v. RAMJI TIWARI & ANR. ETC.                    903


of that offence in the absence of a charge and to do so would         A
cause a grave miscarriage of justice.

     10. Mr. Das has, however, referred us to the judgment of
this Court in Willian Slaney's case (supra) to submit that in the
absence of a charge under Sections 302/109, there was no
                                                                      B
prejudice and the conviction could be recorded in the absence
of a specific charge.

      11. In William S/aney's case (supra), the two accused had
been charged under Section 302/34 of the Indian Penal Code.
There was no charge under Section 302 simplicitor against any C
Dof the two accused. One of the accused having been
acquitted, the question arose6as to whether the conviction of
the other accused under Section 302 was legally tenable. The
Constitution Bench of this Court observed that merely because
a charge had not been framed would not mean that conviction D
could not be recorded unless prejudice could be shown by the
accused and this was a factor which would depend on the facts
of each case. It must be noted that in Williams Slaney's case,
a charge under Section 302/34 had been framed and that
Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code does not constitute an E
offence. In the present matter, there was no charge for the
offence under Section 109 of the Indian Penal Code. This
 principle was reiterated in Radha Mohan Singh's and Dalbir
 Singh's Cases (supra).

     14. tt must therefore be held that as two of the accused,        F
Ramji Tiwari and Virendra Prasad Tiwari, had claimed the right
of private defence and had also produced defence evidence
in accordance with this plea, the non-framing of a charge under
Section 109 of the Indian Penal Code against the four acquitted
accused had clearly caused prejudice to them.                         G

     13. Mr. Das has made an alternative submission that if this
court was of the opinion that a failure of justice had in fact been
occasioned, the matter should be remitted to the trial court
under Section 464 of the Criminal Procedure Code for fresh            H
    904     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [201 O] 9 S.C.R.


A trial from the point of the framing of the charge in the light of
  the fact that the incident pertained to four murders. We are
  unable to accept this submission for the reason that the incident
  happened in the year 1997, the trial court rendered its
  Judgment in August, 2000 and the High Court two years later.
B It would, therefore, not be in the interest of justice to remand
  the case more particularly as7 it is the admitted position that
  the only role attributed to the four is exhorting Ramji Tiwari to
  kill the enemy.

C       14. In the light of the above facts, the appeals are
    dismissed.

    R.P.                                     Appeals dismissed.