Holding

The appeal is dismissed; the plaintiff’s pedigree is accepted, the lands are deemed partible, and the High Court’s decree granting partition is affirmed.

Issues considered

Whether the plaintiff established a valid relationship with the original Watandar through pedigree evidence.
Whether the land, after abolition of Watan/Inam and re‑grant to the Watandar, became partible and thus subject to partition.
Whether the defendants’ possession amounted to adverse possession, thereby invoking the limitation defence.
Whether the High Court complied with Section 100 of the CPC by formulating substantial questions of law.
Whether Order 41 Rule 4 read with Order 41 Rule 33 CPC permits the appellate court to grant relief to non‑appealing plaintiffs.

Legislation cited

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908s. 100, s. Order 41 Rule 33, s. Order 41 Rule 4
Indian Evidence Act, 1872s. 30(5), s. 50

Subjects

partition suitWatanInampedigree evidenceadverse possessionlimitationHindu lawjoint familySection 100 CPCOrder 41 CPCEvidence Actprimogeniture

Judgment

~
CHANDRAMOHAN RAMCHANDRA PATIL AND ORS. A
v.
BAPU KOY APP A PATIL (DEAD) THROUGH LRS. AND ORS.

FEBRUARY 19, 2003

[BRIJESH KUMAR AND D.M. DHARMADHIKARI, JJ.) B
., \
Hindu Law:

Suit for partition of Watan/lnam lands-Dismissed by Trial Court-
Reversed by First Appellate Court-High Court recognised.the right ofplaintiff c
to the extent of //3rd share in the suit land-Held: Appellate Court on
consideration ofrival pedigrees came to the conclusion that pedigree produced
by plaintiff was genuine and it was upheld by High Court-Hence evidence
of pedigree is relevant and thus prove relationship of the plaintiff with the
~ ancestorllnamdar-When the predecessor-in-title of the defendant became D
Watandar, the possession of suit land cannot be held to be adverse to the
other member of the family after abolition of lnams/Waians and regrant of
such lands to erstwhile Watandar for the benefit offami(v---Hence the lands
became partible-Since High Court formulated substantial questions. of law
on the main issues of relationship of plaintiff with the main ancestor and his
entitlement to partition ofsuit land, provisions under Section 100 CPC complied E
with-C.P.C., 1908; Section JOO-Evidence Act, 1872; Section 30(5) and
Section 50.

A suit for partition of certain Inam lands was filed by the ancestor of
the respondents and it was dismissed by the Trial Court. The First Appellate
F
Court decreed the suit in favour of the plaintiff and in appeal the decision
was confim1ed by the High Court recognising the right of plaintiff to the ·extent
of l/3rd s.hare in the suit lands. Hence the present appeal.

It was contended for the appellants that since the plaintiff in 'the
partition suit had failed to prove his relationship with the main ancestor/
G
first Watandar of loam lands, trial Court rightly rejected his claim in the
partition suit; that since predecessors-in-title of the defendants had
prescribed his adverse possession on the lands as he was recognised as
Watandar by the order of the then Regency Court, partition suit was
barred by limitation; and that since the High Court did not frame
substantial question of law, the case should be remanded for fresh decision. H
203
204 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] 2 S.C.R.

A Dismissing the appeal, the Court
'
HELD: 1.1. The question of relationship and the dispute on the
correctness of the pedigrees produced by the parties in the case for proof
\
B
of relationship of the parties with the )riginal ancestor i~ essentially a
question of fact. The trial Court in non-suiting the plaintiff has recorded
a finding amongst others that in the pedigree the branch of sons of original
-
ancestor to which the plaintiff claims to be belonging, is not shown and
that was produced in the proceedings in the year 1945. The First Appellate
Court went thoroughly into the dispute of correctne~s of the rival pedigrees
filed by the parties and chose to rely on the oldest pedigree which explains
C relationship of the members of the family of original ancestor. There were
three pedigrees of different periods before the Court and Court came to
the conclusion that the pedigree produced by the plaintiff has to be
accepted as genuine as it gets support from the earliest pedigree of the
years 1870 and 1874, These evidence have been duly taken note of by the
High Court and the decision of the appellate Court on that issue has been
D upheld. Therefore, it is not open to the defendants to raise ground on the
correctness of the finding of fact on the issue of relationship. The evidence
of pedigree relied on by the First Appellate Court and the High ·court is.
relevant and admissible to prove relationship under Section 30(5) and
Section 50 of the Evidence Act. [207-E-H; 208-A-B]

E 1.2. There is a serious flaw in the legal argum'ent claim~g title by
adverse possession. Tlte suit lands held by erstwhile Watandar or lnamdar
were impartible under the then existing law. The contest inter se for the
status of Watandar between members of the family ended by order of
Regency Court and the only result was t.hat the predecessors-in-title of
F the defendants was allowed to possess the land as Watandar being the
eldest member of the family of original Watandar on the rule
primogeniture. After the abolition ofWatan or loam and when a re-grant
- - ..,.
of the land was made to the Watandar, the properties came back to the
whole body of joint family of the erstwhile Watandar and he then
G possessed the land for and on behalf of the family. [208-G, H; 209-A]

Such lands which were re-granted to Watandar became properties
returned to the. family of the Watandar and became partible. The
possession the predecessors-in-title of the defendants pursuant to the order
of Regency Court as Watandar cannot be held to be adverse to the other
H members of the family after the abolition of lnams and WatanS" and re-
-- C.R. PATIL v. B.K. PATIL

grant of those lands to the Watandar. The lnam and Watan lands thus
205
A
regranted to the Watandar enured for the benefit of whole family of
Watandar and it is only thereafter it became partible. Two Courts below
have not found any evidence on recotld to infer adverse possession of the
defendants after the lands were returned to the family of Watandar on
abolition of Ina ms and Watans. [209-A, B, C]
B
Annasaheb Bapusaheb Patil v. Balw.ant, (1995) 2 SCC 543, relied on.

Kalgonda Babgonda Patil v. Balgonda Kalgonda Patil etc. etc., AIR
. (1989) SC 1042, referred to.

1.3. The High Court has clearly formulated relevant substantial c
question of law on establishment of respondent's relationship as per
pedigree filed by him, and on his claim on partition and answered. after
considering the arguments advanced before it on relationship and adverse
possession. Hence there is more than substantial compliance of the
provisions of Section 100 CPC by the High Court and a prayer for remand
D
is absolutely without any merit. (210-D, E]

Santosh Hazari v. Purushottam Tiwari (deceased) through Lrs., (2001)
3 sec 179, relied on.

1.4. In a suit for partition, P,laintiff and defendants are parties of
E
equal status. If the right of partition has been recognised and upheld by
the Court, merely because only some of the plaintiffs had appealed and
not all, the Court was not powerless. It could invoke provisions of Order
41 of Rule 4 with Order 41 of Rule 33 CPC. The object of Order 41 of
Rule 4 is to enable one of the parties to a suit to obtain relief in appeal
when the decree appealed from proceeds on a ground common to him and F
others. The Court in such an appeal may reverse or vary the decree in
favour of all the partit.s who are in the same interest as the appellant.

]j Hence the Appellate Court by invoking Order 41 Rule 4 read with Order
41 Rule 33 of the Code could grant relief even to the non-appealing
plaintiffs and make an adverse order against all the defendants and in
G
favour of all the plaintiffs. (210-G, H; 211-A, C, DI

t Ratanlal v. Firm La/man Das, (1970) A.SC.108 and Jiwan Nath v. State
of MP., (1971) A. SC. 742, relied on.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 9393of1995.
H
I
1-
206 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] 2 S.C.R.

A From the Judgment and Order dated 12.1.1990 of the Mumbai High
Court in A.No. 564 of 1978.

R. Sundaravardhan, Shivaji M. Jadhav and Himanshu Gupta, for the
Appellants.

B Sanjay K. Visen, A.S. Bhasme, Ms. V.D. Khanna, (NP) and Ms. Manjula
Gupta, for the Respondent.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

DHARMADHIKARI, J. The present appellants were defendants before
C the Trial Court in suit for partition instituted in the Court of Civil Judge, Jr.
Division, Kagal, District Kolhapur in the State of Maharashtra. The suit filed
by the deceased plaintiff [now represented by his legal representatives
impleaded as respondents herein] for partition of the erstwhile Watan or
Inam ·lands of his family was dismissed by the trial court. The First Appellate
D Court by judgment of reversal decreed the suit of the plaintiff and it has been
confirmed by the High Court in second appeal recognising the plaintiff's
right of partition of the suit lands to the extent of 1/3 share. The preliminary
decree has been framed for passing a final decree and grant of separate
possession.

E Learned counsel appearing for the defendants, assails the decree of
partition granted to the plaintiff/respondent but does not dispute the legal
position settled by the two Judges Bench decision of this Court in the case
of Kalgonda Babgonda Patil v. Balgonda Kalgonda Patil etc. etc., AIR
(1989) SC 1042 and three Judges Bench decision_ofthis Court in the case of
Annasaheb Bapusaheb Patil v. Ba/want, [1995] 2 SCC 543. In the aforesaid
F two Judges and three Judges Bench decisions of this Court, it has been held
that erstwhile lnam or Watan lands held by the senior most member of the
family through lineal descendant on the rule of primogeniture, on abolition
of lnamdari or Watandari under the provisions of Bombay Pargana and
Kulkarni Watans Abolition Act (60 of 1950) and thereafter by the Bombay
G Inferior Village Watans Abolition Act, 1958, after re-grant of those categories
of land to the Watandar or Inamdar, become partible properties between the
members of the family of the Watandar or Inamdar. See the following statement
of law in the decision of three Judges Bench in the case of Annasaheb
Bapusaheb Patil (Supra) :-

H "The lineal primogeniture regulating succession to the estate cannot
C.R. PATIL v. B.K. PATIL [DHARMADHIKARI, J.] 207
prevail under Section 4 of 1955 Act, as being nothing more than A
incidents of the watan which stand abrogated by Section 4 of that
Act. It was, therefore, held that watan families if had a hereditary
interest in the watan property, such inheritance enures to the benefit
of all the members of the family as the property belongs to the family
and all persons belonging to the watan family who had a hereditary B
interest in such watan property were entitled to be called "watandars
of the same watan" within the Watan Act. The members of the joint
Hindu family must be regarded as holders of the watan land along
with the watandar for the time being and therefore, the re-grant of the
lands to the watandar under Section 4 of that Act must enure to the
benefit of the entire joint Hindu family. This Court upheld the full C
Bench judgment of the Bombay High Court reported in Laxmibai
Sadashiv Date v. Ganesh Shankar Date and another judgment in
Dhondi Vithoba Koli v. Mahadeo Dagdu Kofi. The Division Bench
judgment in Babgonda case was overruled".

The first ground urged by the learned counsel for the defendants is that D
the original deceased plaintiff Bapu Koyappa Patil failed to prove his
relationship with the main ancestor Suryaji, who was the first Watandar,
hence his claim for partition to the extent of 1/3 share was rightly negatived
by the trial court.

The question of relationship and the dispute on the correctness of the
E
pedigrees produced by the parties in the case for proof of relationship of the
parties with the original .ancestor Suryaji, is essentially a question of fact.
The trial court in non-suiting the plaintiff has recorded a finding amongst
others that in the pedigree Ex. 71 the branch of sons of Suryaji, to which the
plaintiff claims to be belonging, is not shown and that was produced in F
proceedings in the year 1945. The First Appellate Court went thoroughly into
the dispute of correctness of the rival pedigrees filed by the parties and chose
to rely on the oldest pedigree Ex.69 which explains relationship of the members
of the family of Suryaji on 05.1.1874. In that pedigree all the branches of
sons of Suryaji including the plaintiffs branch was shown. There were, thus, G
three pedigrees of different periods Ex. 67, 69 and 71 before the court and
court came to the conclusion that Ex. 71 which is the pedigree produced by
the plaintiff has to be accepted as genuine as it gets support from the earliest
pedigree of the years 1870 and 1874.

The above discussion of evidence have been duly taken note of by the H
'

>--
208 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] 2 S. C.R.

A High Court in second appeal and the decision of the appellate court on that
issue has been upheld. For the aforesaid reasons, it is not open to the defendants
to raise ground on the correctness of the finding of fact on the issue of
relationship. The evidence of pedigree relied by the first appellate court and
the High Court is relevant and admissible to prove relationship under Section
B 30 (5) and Section 50 of the Evidence Act.

Learned counsel appearing for the appellants then urged that the courts
below ought to have dismissed the suit for partition on the ground that it was
--
1

barred by limitation as the predecessors-in-title of the defendants had
prescribed his adverse possession on the land. In support of this argument,
C it is submitted that the most important document was ignored by the courts
below being order of the then Regency Court of Kolhapur Estate dated 30th
March, 1945 [Ex.68]. The order of the Regency Court of the erstwhile Estate
-
of Kolhapur was passed in appeal in revenue proceedings in which
predecessors-in-title of the plaintiff objected to the claim of predecessors-in-
title of the defendants to the status ofWatandar. The claim of the predecessors-
D in-title of the defendants to the status of Watandar was on the basis of his
adoption by Hari who was one of the sons of the original Watandar Suryaji.

It is argued that by order dated 30th March, 1945 of the Regency
Court, the objection of the predecessors-in-title of the plaintiff was rejected
E and the predecessors-in-title of the defendants was recognised as Watandar.
The erstwhile Watandar, thus, came in possession of the suit lands and there
was thus, a clear ouster from the lands of the plaintiffs predecessors-in-title.
It is submitted that the possession of the predecessors-in-title of the defendants
from the year 1945 was, thus, adverse and had ripened 'into title by prescription.
The trial court, therefore, was right in dismissing the suit for partition on the
F ground of defendants having prescribed adverse possession.

We find that there is a serious flaw in the legal argument claiming title
by adverse possession. The suit lands held by erstwhile Watandar or Inamdar
were impartible under the then existing law. The contest inter se for the I
status ofWatandar between members of the family ended by order of Regency
G Court dated 30th March, 1945 and the only result was that the predecessors-
in-title of the defendants was allowed to possess the land as Watandar being
the eldest member of the family of original Watandar on the rule
. "
primogeniture. After the abolition of Watan or Inam and when a re-grant of
the land was made to the Watandar, the properties ~ame back to the whole
H body of joint family of the erstwhile Watandar apd he then possessed the
C.R. PATIL v. B.K. PATIL [DHARMADHIKARI, J.) 209
land for and on behalf of the family. Such lands which were re-granted to A
Watandar became properties returned to the family of the Watandar and
became partible. The possession of the predecessors-in-title of.the defendants
pursuant to the order of Regency Court on 30th March, 1945 as Watandar
cannot be held to be adverse to the other members of the family after the
abolition of Inams and Watans and regrant of those lands to the Watandar.
The Inam and Watan lands tpus regranted to the Watandar enured for the B
benefit of whole family of Watandar and it is only thereafter they became
partible. Two courts below have not found any evidence on record to infer
adverse possessfon of the defendants after the lands were r~turned to the

-
family of Watandar on abolition of Inams and Watans. The right to partition
was dc;nied only when the plaintiff demanded partition by a notice. The suit C
thereafter was filed within the prescribed period of limitation. Similar argument
based on adverse possession and limitation has beeQmipelled by three Judges
Bench of this Court in the case of Annasaheb Jlapusalieb Patil (Supra) and
the following legal position explained therein fully answers the plea against
the defendants :-
0 D
"The possession of the family property by a member of the family
cannot be adverse to the other members but must be held to be on
behalf of himself and other members. The possession of one, therefore,
is the possession of all. The burden lies heavily on the member setting
up adverse possession to prove adverse character of his possession by E
establishing affirmatively that to the knowledge of other member he
asserted his exclusive title and the other members were completely
excluded from enjoying the property and that such adverse possession
had continued for the statutory period. Mutation in the name of the
elder brother of the family for the collection of the rent and revenue
does not prove hostile act against the other. The right of the plaintiff F
to file suit for partition had arisen after the Act has come into force
and re-grant was· made by the Collector under sub-section (I) of
Section 5. The defendant, therefore, must plead and prove that after
the re-grant, he asserted his own exclusive right, title and iitterest to
the plaint schedule property to the knowledge of the plaintiff and the
latter acquiesced to such a hostile exercise of the right and allowed G
the defendant to remain in continuous possession and enjoyment of
the property in assertion of that hostile title during the entire statutory
period of 12 years without any let and hindrance and the plaintiff
stood thereby."
H
210 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] 2 S.C.R.

A The learned counsel then urged some technical grounds. It is argued
that since the High Court did not frame substantial questions of law as required
by Section I 00 of Code of Civil Procedure, the case should be remanded for
fresh decision as is being done by this Court after interpretation of Section
I 00 of Code of Civil Procedure in the case of Santosh flazari v. Purushottam
B Tiwari (deceased) Thr. Lrs., [2001] 3 sec 179.

From the judgment under appeal, we find that the High Court in its
body of judgment has clearly formulated for answer two questions thus :-

"Firstly, whether the plaintiff respondent has established his
relationship (as given in the pedigree) and secondly whether the
c plaintiff is entitled to claim partition?"

In our opinion, these two questions have been lucidly answered by the
High Court by considering the arguments advanced before it on relationship
and adverse possession. We, therefore, find that there is more than substantial
D compliance of the provisions of Section I 00 of Code of Civil Prqcedure and
a prayer for rrmand is absolutely without any merit. The suit of the year
1977 under the second appeal in the High Court was decided in the year
1990. We have given full hearing to the parties on all questions of law raised
or which would be raised before the High Court. A prayer for remand of the
case in such circumstances for fresh decision of second appeal is wholly
E uncalled for.

Lastly, it is urged that not all the legal representatives of the original
plaintiff had preferred appeal against the dismissal of suit by the trial court.
In accordance with Order 41 Rule 4 of Code of Civil Procedure, the appellate
court could not have varied the judgment of the trial court against the
F defendants at the instance of only some of the plaintiffs appealing against the
decree.

This ,argument has no merit. In a suit for partition, plaintiff and
defendants, are parties of equal status. If the right of partition has been
recognised and upheld by the court, merely because only some of the plaintiffs
G had appealed and not all, the court was not powerless. It could invoke
provisions of Order 41 Rule 4 read with Order 41 Rule 33 of Code of Civil
Procedure. The object of Order 41 Rule 4 is to enable one of the parties to
a suit to obtain relief in appeal when the decree appealed from proceeds on
a ground common to him and others. The court in such an appeal may
H reverse or vary the decree in favour of all the parties who are in the same
C.R. PATIL v. B.K. PATIL [DHARMADHIKARI, J.] 211

interest as the appellant. [See Ratanlal v. Firm La/man Das, (1970) A. SC. A
108; and Jiwan Nath v. State of MP., (1971) A. SC. 742].

Order 41 Rule 4 of the Code enables reversal of the decree by the court
.., in appeal at the instance of one or some of the plaintiffs appealing and it can
do so in favour of even non-appealing plaintiffs. As a necessary consequence
such reversal of the decree can be against the interest of the defendants vis- B
a-vis non-appealing plaintiffs. Order 41 Rule 4 has to be read with Order 41
Rule 33. Order 41 Rule 33 empowers the appellate court to do complete
justice between the parties by passing such order or decree which ought to
have been passed or made although not all the parties affected by the decree
had appealed. C
In our opinion, therefore, the appellate court by invoking Order 41
Rule 4 read with Order 41 Rule 33 of the Code Could grant relief even to
the non-appealing plaintiffs and make an adverse order against all the
defendants and in favour of all the plaintiffs. In such a situation, it is not
open to urge on behalf of the defendants that the decree of dismissal of suit D
passed by the trial court had become final inter se between the non-appealing
plaintiffs and the defendants.

Consequent upon the aforesaid discussion, this appeal fails and is hereby
dismissed with costs.
E
Counsel's fee be allowed as per rules.

S.K.S. Appeal dismissed.