Holding

The non‑confessional parts of the FIR are admissible, the Section 164 confession was voluntary and admissible, and the conviction and death sentence are upheld.

Summary

Bheru Singh was convicted of murdering his wife and five children. He lodged a first information report (FIR) admitting motive and describing the killings, and later gave a judicial confession under Section 164 Cr.P.C., which he later retracted. The Supreme Court examined whether the FIR could be used as evidence despite Section 25 of the Evidence Act, and whether the retracted confession was voluntary and admissible. It held that the non‑confessional portions of the FIR are admissible under Sections 8 and 21 of the Evidence Act, while the confessional part is excluded; the Section 164 confession was recorded with all statutory safeguards and was therefore admissible. The eye‑witness testimony of the appellant’s sister‑in‑law was found reliable and corroborated the confession, along with forensic evidence. Consequently, the conviction and death sentence were affirmed.

Issues considered

The admissibility of the first information report lodged by the accused under Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act.
The voluntariness and admissibility of the retracted confession recorded under Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
The reliability of the eye‑witness testimony of PW 11 (sister‑in‑law).
Whether the conviction and death sentence should be upheld in view of the evidence.

Legislation cited

Arms Acts. 25, s. 4
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973s. 164
Indian Evidence Act, 1872s. 21, s. 25, s. 27, s. 8
Indian Penal Code, 1860s. 302

Subjects

murderconfessionfirst information reportSection 164death penaltyevidenceIndian Evidence Acteye‑witness testimonyforensic evidencecircumstantial evidence

Judgment

(
'

BHERU SINGH S/0 KALYAN SINGH A
v.
STATE OF RAJASTHAN

FEBRUARY 4, 1994

[DR. AS. ANAND AND FAIZAN-UDDIN, JJ.] B

The Indian Penal Code, 1860: Section 302-Murder-Accused com-
mitted murders of his wife and five children-Lodged first infonnatiOIJ report
himself disclosing motive of crime, manner in which he committed crime, and
produced weapon used in crime-Confession recorded under Section 164 C
Cr.P.C.-TriaJ-Judicial confession retracted-Testimony of eye- witness and
other witnesses fally supporting prosecution case and corroborating confes-
sional statement-Trial Court convicted accused of offence of murder and
sentenced him to death-Conviction upheld by High Court and sentence con-
finned-Held, the ocular testimony of eye-witness could by itself fonn basis
for convictiorr-There is sufficient corroboration to voluntary confessional D
statement-Courts below rightly convicted accused of offence-Sentence of
death imposed upon accused confinned.

The Indian Evidence Act, 1872: Sections 8, 21, 25, 27-First informa-
tion report lodged by accused making confessiorr-Admissibility-Held, F.LR._ E
is not a wholly confessional statement-That part which does not amount to
confession and gi.ves infonnation to police admissible against accused as
evidence of his conduct under s. 8 and to the extent it is non-confessional in
nature it would be relevant under s. 21.

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: Section 164--Confession-Record- F
ing of-Precautions to be taken by Magistrate-Explained.

The appellant was prosecuted for an offence under s. 302 I.P.C.
According to the prosecution case, the appellant murdered his wife and
five children aged 2 to 14 years. After committing the murders, the appel- G
lant went to the police station with the blood stained sword, and lodged
the first information report to the effect that 4-5 days earlier he learnt
about infidelity of his wife and on the night preceding the incident, when
confronted his wife confessed her illegitimate relationship whereupon he
got very much disturbed; the following day when his wife was adjusting the
stones of the wall of the house, he cut her head from the throat and also H
559
560 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) 1 S.C.R.

A killed four of his children playing nearby. When he was about to kill the
fifth child, his sister-in- law reached there and tried to stop him, but was
not successful. The police registered the case on the FIR lodged by the
accused himself. The accused produced the blood stained sword which was
taken into possession. When the appellant was in judicial custody, his
confession under s. 164 Cr.P.C. was recorded by the Judicial Magistrate.
B The investigation culminated in the trial of the accused.

During the trial, P.W. 11, sister-in-law of the appellant, appeared as
an eye-witness. According to her testimony, when she was returning from
the well, she found that the wife of the appellant and his four children had
C been slaughtered and were lying dead and in her presence the appellant
hit on the neck of his fifth child; she pleaded with the appellant not to kill
the child but it had no effect on him; the appellant, after committing the
murders left the place alongwith the sword which was stained with blood;
then her husband arrived at the place of occurrence after one or one-and-
a-half hour and she narrated the story to him. The appellant however
D retracted the confession made under s. 164 Cr.P.C.

The trial court accepted the prosecution case and found the appel-
lant guilty of the offence and sentenced him to death and submitted the
papers to the High Court for confirmation of the sentence. The appellant
E also filed an appeal before the High Court_ which upheld the conviction,
confirmed the sentence and dismissed the appeal. Hence the appeal by
special leave.

It was contended on behalf of the appellant that in view of provisions
of s. 25 of the Evidence Act, the first information report could not have
F been taken into consideration by the courts below; P.W. 11 was not a
reliable or truthful witness because she stood to gain by the conviction of
the appellant; no credence could be placed on the retracted confessonal
statement of the appellant recorded under Section 164 Cr.P.C. since
necessary precautions had not been taken by the Magistrate before record-
G ing the same; and that if all this evidence was excluded, the appellant was
entitled to an order of acquittal. Lastly a prayer for mercy and awarding
the lesser punishment of life imprisonment was made.

Dismissing the appeal, this Court

H HELD: 1.1. A confession or an admission is evidence against the
~
r
BHERU SINGH v. STATE OF RAJ. 561

maker of it so long as its admissibility is not excluded by some provision A
.... .....( of law. [569-E]

1.2. Where the accused himself lodges the first information report,
the fact of his giving the information to the police is, in view of s. 27 of the
Evidence Act, admissible against him as evidence of his conduct under s.
8 of the Act and to th.! extent it is non-confessional in nature, it would also B
be relevant under s. 21 of the Act; but the confessional part of the first
information report cannot be used at all against the accused in view of the
v)!'. bar of s. 25 of the Act. [570-F]

1.3. In the instant case, the statements in the first information report
disclosing the relationship of the appellant with the deceased, the motive
c
for commission of the crime and the presance of his sister-in-law P.W. 11,
do not amount to the confession of committing any crime. Those state-
ments are non- confessional in nature and can be used against the appel-
lant as evidence under s. 8 of the Evidence Act. The production of the blood
stained sword by the appellant and its seizure ~t the police station, is also D
....... saved by the provisions of the Evidence Act. [572-C-D]

1.4. However, the statement that the sword had been used to commit
the murders a:. well as the manner of committing the crime is clearly
inadmissible in evidence. [572-D]
E
2.1. The High Court rightly relied upon the confessional statement
recorded under s. 164 Cr. P.C., holding that the same was voluntary and

- ~
had been made by the appellant without any threat or fear and that it
contained a full confession of the crime and also disclosed the manner in
which the crime had been committed. [574-B] F
2.2. The Magistrate observed the formalities envisage by s. 164(3}
before recording the statement under s. 164, Cr.P.C. He had taken all neces-
sary precautions to ensure that the appellant had sufficient time to reflect
before he made his confessional statement and that he was wider no fear or
threat or allurement before appearing in the court to make the statement. G
The various questions put by the Magistrate to the appellant indicate that
he had taken all reasonable precautions to remove any trace offear from the
+ appellant before he made the confessional statement. The caution envisaged
by s. 164 Cr.P.C. was properly administered to him and he was told in no
uncertain terms that he was not bound to make the sb.tement and that if he H
562 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 1 S.C.R.

A did make one, it could be used against him. [574-F-G]

2.3. There is sufficient corroboration available on the record, both
direct and circumstantial to the voluntary confessional statement of the
appellant recorded under s. 164 Cr.P.C., even though retrated at the trial.
[575-D]
B
3. The testimony of P.W. 11, the sister-in-law of the appellant, who
was subjected to repeated and lengthy cross- examination in the trial court,
has remained unshaken. Her statement is impressive and she had no
reasm~ to falsely implicate the appellant with such a heinous offence. She
satisfactorily explained the only discrepency in her statements with regard
c to the name of the child, she herself saw being murdered. Her testimony
has shown the conduct of the appellant at tlae time and after committing
the crime, and provides sufficient corroboration to the confessinal state-
ment of the appellant in all material particu_lars. The ocular testimony of
P.W. 11 suffers from no blemish and she being a wholly reliable witness,
D it could by itself form the basis for conviction of the appellant for the
murder of the fifth child. Besides, P.W. 12 and P.W. 13 have also lent
sufficient corroboration to her testimony as well as to the confessional ~
statement of the appellant. [575-D-F]

4. The High Court was right in relying upon the report of the
E Serologist which established that the clothes of the appellant and the
sword belonging to and produced by him were stained with human blood
of 'B' Group which tallied with the blood group of the deceased persons.
The report remained unchallenged and lends sufficient corroboration to
the confessional statement of the appellant. Nothing has been pointed out
to doubt the ownership aD(lrecovery of the blood stained sword from the
F appellant at the police station by P.W. 17. Seizures made during the
investigation have also not been doubted. (574-C-E]

5. The courts below rightly convicted the appellant for the offence
under s. 302 I.P.C. on each of the counts. The prosecution has established
G .beyond reasonable doubt that the appellant had committed the murder of
his ·wife and five children. There is not infirmity or suspicious cir-
cumstance which may in any way cast any doubt on the prosecution version
as put forth at the trial. [576-D, E]

6. So far as the sentence is concerned, the appellant committed a most
H henious, cold blooded and gru~some murder. He not only severed the head
"
I

BHERU SINGH v. STATE OF RAJ. [ANAND, J.) 563

nf his wife from her body but went on a murdering spree and murdered his A
five children aged between 2 to 14 years also, in a most brutal manner for no
fault of theirs. The barbaric, gruesome and heinous type of crime which the
appellant committed is a revolt against the society and an affrent to human
dignity. There are no extenuating or mitigating circumstances in the case
and it is a fit case which calls for no punishment other than the capital B
punishment. The plea for mercy is unjustified and the prayer for sympathy,
in the facts and circumstances of the case, is wholly misplaced. The convic-
tion is upheld and the sentence of death imposed upon the appellant by the
courts below is confirmed. (576-F, G; 578-A, B]

Dhananjoy Chatterjee @ Dhana v. State of West Bengal, (1994] 2 C
S-.C.C. 220, relied on.

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
22of1991.

From the Judgment and Order 20.8.1990 of the Rajasthan High D
Court in D.B. Crl. A. No. 161/89, and D.B. Crl. Ref. No. 2 of 1989.

K.K. Mehrotra for the Appellant.

Sushil Kumar and R. Sasiprabhu for the Respondent.
E
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

DR. ANAND, J. 1. This appeal by special leave is directed against
the judgment of the High Court of Rajasthan whereby the comiction of
~ ~ the appellant for an offence under Section 302 I.P.C. as recorded by the
Sessions Judge, Bundi on May 1, 1989 was upheld and the sentence of F
death imposed upon him by the Sessions Judge was confirmed vide judg-
ment dated 20th August, 1990.

2. For an occurrence which took place on June 3, 1988 in the broad
daylight before noon, the appellant, according to the prosecution case,
murdered his wife, Smt. Kajodhai, has two daughters Manrajbai, aged 4 G
years and Hansabai, aged about 7 years and his sons Raj Bahadur, a~ed 2
years, Nand Kanwar, aged 14 years and Nathu Singh, aged 8 years. After
+ committing the murders, the appellant went to police station Dablana
holding the blood stained sword by which the murders were allegedly
committed and himself lodged the first information report Ex. P-42. The H
564 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) 1 S.C.R.

A blood stained sword, produced by the appellant, was seized vide seizure
memo Ex. P-9 and the appellant was arrested. The blood stained shirt and
dhoti worn by the appellant were also seized vide seizure memo Ex. P-14.
Since the appellant had some injuries on his index finger of the left hand
and on the proximal part of middle finger, he was sent for medical
examination and was examined by the Medical Officer Incharge, Govern-
B ment Primary Health Centre, Deblana. The Assistant Sub-Inspector of
Police, Durga Shankar PW 17 after recording the first information report
and affecting seizure of the blood stained sword, produced by the appel-
lant, at the police station proceeded to the place of occurrence, the
residence of the appellant and prepared a site plan. The dead body of Smt.
c Kajodbai was lying in the house with her head completely severed from the
rest of her body. Other dead bodies were also lying in the same compom1d
and outside in th€ lane. The Assistant Sub-Inspector Durga Shankar
prepared the inquest report of the dead bodies, and sent the same for post-
mortem examination. The blood stained clothes of the deceased were also
D seized during the investigation. Blood smeared sand and some other ar-
ticles lying near the place, where the dead bodies were found, were also
seized and sealed by investigating officer and sent for chemical examination
to the State Forensic Science Laboratory. The Serologist later on submitted
his report Ex. P- 12.

E 3. According to the prosecution, the motive in the case appears to
be the suspicion by the appellant of infidelity of his wife, deceased Kajod-
hai. It is alleged that duririg the Panchayat Elections, about 4 or 5 days
before the unfortunate incident, the appellant was told by some village
people that a Rajput lady who was having an affair with Gujar was likely
F to be co-opted as a Panch and since there was one family of Rajputs in the
village and that was of the appellant himself, the appellant suspected that
it could be his wife who was going to be co-opted and on the same night
he enquired from his wife Kajodbai about her relationship ·with Bhojak
Gujar, but he was not satisfied with the answers given by her to his
questions. The same night while he was in a disturbed state of mind, he
G got the impression during the interrogation of his wife that she had
developed some illicit relations with Bhojak Gujar and was having an affair
with him. He, therefore, not only doubted the fidelity of his wife but also
-+
thought that the five children born of Smt. Kajodbru were not his children.
Harbouring those feelings, he committed the murders of his wife and all
H the five children even though his brother's wife, Smt. Ratnabai PW 11,
BHERU SINGH v. STATE OF RAJ. [ANAND, J.j 565

-l while seeing him commit the murders of this children pleaded with him not A
to go on the killing spree but to no effect. According to the prosecution
case, Smt. Ratnabai PW 11, saw the appellant actually rushing with the
sword behind his son Nathu Singh and returning to the house with the
blood stained sword. She herself witnessed the murder of Manrajbai. In
the trial Court, before the learned Sessions Judge, Smt. Ratnabai PW 11
had deposed that she saw Hansabai being murdered by the appellant an<l
B
that the others had already been murdered by him.
-';lr
4. ]Qr Singh PW 12, the brother of the appellant did not actually see
the appellant committing the murders but appearing as PW 12, he deposed
at the trial that on the day of the incident he had gone to the village Akoda c
and on his return from the village in the noon he saw the appellant g<;>ing
through the market with the sword in his hand. He was supported by his ·
son Bhanwar Singh PW 13, also in this behalf who had also seen the
appellant going with the blood stained sword.
D
5. It is further the prosecution case that on June 7, 1988 Narain Singh,
Circle Officer PW 15 made an application before the Chief Judicial
Magistrale, Bundi stating that the appellant wanted to make a confessional
statement and that the same be recorded. The appellant was in judicial
custody at the time and the Chief Judicial Magistrate forwarded the E
application to the Judicial Magistrate for further necessary action. On June
8, 1988 when the application came up before the Judicial Magistrate, he
- >-- adjourned the matter of recording of the confessional statement under
Section 164 Cr. P.C. to June 13, 1988 directing the appellant to be kept in
judicial custody. When the appellant appeared from the judicial custody, F
after putting necessary question and disclosing his identity, the Magistrate,
informed the appellant that he was not bound to make any statement but
that if he did make a statement, it could be read against him in evidence.
The appellant was then given 24 hours time to ponder over the matter and
was assured that he shall go back to judicial custody and shall not be
handed over to the police, whether or not he made the confessional G
+ statement. On June 14, 1988 the appellant was produced from judicial
custody and according to the prosecution, he made a voluntary statement
under Section 164 Cr.P.C. which wa~ recorded by the learned Judicial
Magistrate and is Ex: P-2. The appellant of course retracted the confession
at the trial. H
'~
(

566 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) 1 S.C.R.

A 6. A Medical Board under the Chairmanship of Dr. S.S. Bhola was .>- ·
constituted and the post-mortem of the dead bodies of the victims was
conducted. The Medical Board submitted the post-mort~m reports of all
the six deceased.

B 7. As already noticed, Smt. Ratnabai PW 11, wife of Jor Singh PW
12, the elder brother of the appellant, is an eyewitness to a part of the
occurrence. This witness after having been examined and cross-examined
during the trial before the learned Sessions Judge was sought to be recalled
on art application made by the public prosecutor, dated 20th February,
1989, in which it was stated that on account of a typing error, the year of
C the incident had been wrongly typed. She was recalled and her statement
was recorded on March 7, 1989 and she was further cross-examined on
behalf of the appellant. She supported the prosecution case, as noticed in
the earlier part of this judgment. Yet another application came to be filed
to recall Smt. Ratnabai PW 11, but this time the application was made by
D the appellant, on the ground that she had changed her version from the
one given in her police statement under Section 161 Cr.P.C. but due -to
oversight certain questions which were vei:y material and relevant were
omitted to be put to her during the trial. It appears that the trial court with
a view to afford full opportunity to the appellant to defend himself proper-
ly, in the interest of justice, by an order dated August 18, 1989, recalled
E Smt. Ratnabai PW 11 once again and her statement was further recorded
on October 25, 1989, when again she supported the prosecution case fully.
According to her testimony, she knew the wife of Bheru Singh appellant,
being his sister-in-law and that she also knew the five children of Bheru ~ ~
Singh. On the date of the occurrence, when the witness was returning from
F the well she found that the wife of Bheru Singh and his four children had
been slaughtered and were lying dead and in her presence Bheru Singh hit
on the neck of his 5th child. Hansabai. She pleaded with the appellant with
folded hands and cried out not to kill the child but it had no effect on him.
She went on to state that the appellant after committing the murder left
G the place of occurrence aloJ;:_;with the sword which was stained with blood.
The clothes of all the deceased were also besmeared with blood. During
the cross-examination, she denied the suggestion that there was any dispute
between her husband and the deceased on account of property and went
on to add that her husband came to the place of occurrence after she had
arrived after about one or one and a half hours and she had narrated the
H story to him. After the witness had been recalled at the request of the
1

BHERUSINGH v. STATEOFRAJ.[ANAND,J.] 567

appellant and re-examined, she categocically asserted "I donot want the A
land of Bheru S!ngh. I have left that village and started living in a separate
village." This part of her statement has remained totally unchallenged and
unquestioned. The only portion of her earlier statement recorded under
Section 161 Cr. P.C. with which the witness was confronted was where she
bad earlier stated that she saw Bheru Singh murder his daughter Manraj
while at the trial she had stated to have witnessed the murder of Hansabai.
B
She went on to explain that she had also stated before the police that the
appellant had inflicted the sword blow on the neck of his daughter Han-
sabai and that she had actually seen him inflict the sword blow on Hansabai
and not on Manrajbai.
c
8. Jor Singh PW 12 had gone to village Akoda and when he returned
from that village at about noon time, he saw Bheru Singh appellant going
through the market with a sword in his hand and that on his arrival at the
scene of occurrence, he learnt from his wife PW 11 R atnabai that the
appellant had committed the murders of his wife and five children. Bhan-
D.
war Singh PW 13, son of Jor Singh also stated that he has seen his uncle
Bheru Singh - appellant going through a field with a sword in his hand
towards Dablana at about 11 or 12 noon. That the deceased died as a result
of injuries inflicted on their neck by a sword and that those injuries were
sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death has been estab-
lished- by the medical evidence. In his statement recorded under Section E
313 Cr. P.C. the appellant denied that he had committed the alleged
offence.

9. That the appellant went to the police station Dablana and not only
lodged the first information report but also produced the blood stained p
sword before the police, stands amply established from the record. The
testimony of Durga Shankar Sharma PW 17, Asstt. Sub-Inspector, police
station Dablana, discloses that at the instance of the appellant himself
report Ex. P-42 was lodged and crime case No. 40 of 1988 under Section
302 I.P.C. and under Section 4/25 of the Indian Arms Act was registered. G
The blood stained sword produced by the appellant at the time of lodging
of the first inf9rmation report was seized by him vide seizure memo Ex.
P-9. The blood stained shirt and dhoti ·of the appellant were also seized
vide seizure memo Ex. P-14 and since the appellant had some injuries on
his index finger of the left hand and on the proximal part of middle finger,
he was got medically examined by the Medical Officer Incharge of Govt. H
568 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) 1 S.C.R.

A Primary Health Centre, Dablana. The injury report in respect of the )-- .
appellant was proved by the said medical officer as Ex. P-18. On reachirig
the place of occurrence, Durga Shankar Sharma PW 17 found the head of
Kajodbai lying severed from the rest of the body and a sheath of the sword
was also lying nearby. It was seized vide seizure memo Ex. P-16 and the
inquest reports of the dead bodies of Kajodbai, Nand Kanwar, Manrajbai,
B Hansabai, Bahadur Singh and Nathu Singh were prepared by him. During
the investigation PW 17 also seized blood stained clothes of the deceased
persons and took sample of the sand which was blood stained from near
the place where the dead bodies were found lying. The seized articles were
sent for chemical examination to the State Forensic Science Laboratory
c and report Ex. P-12 was submitted by the S~rologist.

10. After the investigation was over, chargesheet was submitted and
on commitment the learned Sessions Judge Bundi tried the appellant. The
learned Sessions Judge accepted the prosecution case and found the
appellant guKty of an offence under Section 302 I.P.C. for murdering his
D
wife Smt. Kajodbai and for each of his five children and passed the
sentence of death against him. He submitted the proceedings to the High
Court for confirmation of the sentence of death.

11. The Division Bench of the High Court relying on the ocular
E testimony of PW 11 and the report of the Serologist Ex. P-12 as also the
retracted confession of the appellant Ex. P"2 and other evidence on the
record upheld the conviction of the appellant for the offence under Section
302 I.P.C. and noticing the gruesome nature of the murders not only of his ~ .._
wife but also of five innocent children by the appellant for no rhyme or ·
F reasons, it dismissed his appeal and confirmed the sentence of death.

12. Learned counsel ior the appellant (AC.) argued that the first
information report Ex. P-42 cannot be looked into much less relied upon
or accepted in view of the provisions of Section 25 of the Evidence Act
and that the same should havr "Peen ruled out of consideration by the
G courts below. Learned counsel then submitted that Ratnabai PW 11 is not
a reliable or truthful witness because she stands to gain by the conviction
~-
of the appellant. Learned counsel leastly submitted that no credence can
be placed on the retracted confessional statement of the appellant Ex. P-2,
since necessary precautions had not been taken by the learned Magistrate
H before recording the confessional statement of the appellant and that if all
BHERUSINGH v. STATEOFRAT.(ANAND,J.] 569

this evidence is excluded, the appellant was entitled to an order of acquit- A
tal. Lastly, learned counsel prayed for mercy and sympathetic consideration
by not confirming the sentence of death and awarding the lesser punish-
ment of life imprisonment.

13. Learned counsel for the State on the other hand submitted that
the group of the blood stain on the clothes of the deceased tallied with the B
group of blood of the deceased as also with the blood stains on the sword
which was admittedly produced by the appellant at the police station
before PW 17 and that evidence coupled with the testimony of PW 11 and
the voluntary confessional statement, Ex. P-2 had established the case
against the appellant beyond a reasonable doubt and considering that the C
appellant has committed a cold blooded gruesom~ murder of six innocent
persons, it is the rarest of the rare cases, which warranted the confirmation
of the sentence of death by this Court.

14. We have given our anxious consideration to the contentions
raised at the bar. D
15. In this case the· first information report Ex. P-42 was admittedly
lodged by the appellant himself at the police station and was recorded by
Sh. Durga Shankar Sharma PW 17. A perusal of the report shows that to
a large extent it is confessional in nature. Can it, as a whole or any part of E
it, be admitted into evidence against the appellant?

16. A confession or an admission is evidence against the maker of it
so long as its admissibility is not excluded by some provision of law.
Provisions of Sections 24 to 30 of the Evidence Act: and of Section 164 of
the Code of Criminal Proecdure deal with confessions. By virtue of the F
provisions of Section 25 of the Evidence Act, a confession made to a police
officer under no circumstance is admissible in evidence against an accused.
The section deals with confessions made not only when the accused was
free an~ not in police custody but also with the one made by such a person
before any investigation had begun. The expression "accused of any of- G
fence" in Section 25 would cover the case of an accused who has since been
+ put on trial, whether or not at the time when he made the confessional
statement, he was under arrest or in custody as an accused in that ca!ie or
not. Inadmissibility of a confessional statement made to a police officer
under Section 25 of the Evidence Act is based on the ground of public
· policy. Section 25 of the Evidence Act not only bars proof of admission of H
570 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 1 S.C.R.

A an offence by an accused to a police officer or made by him while in the
custody of a police officer but also the admission contained in the confes-
sional statement of all incriminating facts relating to the commission of an
offence. Section 26 of the Evidence Act deals with partial ban to the
admissibility of confessions made to a person other than a police officer
but we are not concerned with it in this case. Section 27 of the Evidence
B Act is in the nature of a proviso or an exception, which partially lifts the
ban imposed by Sections 25 and 26 of the Evidence Act and makes
admissible so much of such information, whether it amounts to a confession
or not, as relates to the fact thereby discovered, when made by a person
accused of an offence while in police custody. Under Section 164 Cr. P.C.
C a statement or confession made in course of an investigation, may be
recorded by a Magistrate, suoject to the safeguards imposed by the section
itself and can be relied upon at the trial.

17. Where the first information report is given by an accused himself
to a police officer and amounts to a confessional statement, proof of the
D confession is prohibited by Section 25 of the Evidence Act. No. part of the
confessional statement can be proved or received in evidence, except to
the extent it is permitted by_ Section 27 of the Evidence Act. The first
information report reca;ded under Section 154 Cr. P.C. is not a substantive
piece of- evidence. It may be used to corroborate-the informant under
E Section 157 of the Evidence Act or to contradict him under Section 145 of
the Evidence Act in case the information appears as a witness at the trial.
Where the accused himself lodges the first information report, the fact of
his giving the information to the police is admissible against him as
evidence of his conduct under Section 8 of the Evidence Act and to the
extent it is non-confessional in Iiautre, it -would also be relevant under
F Section 21 of the Evidence Act but the confessional part ·of the first
information report by the accuse.d to the police officer cannot be used at
all against him in view of the ban of Section 25 of the Evidence Act.
I .

18. Keeping in view the aforesaid principles of law, we shall first
G peruse and consider the first information report as lodged by the appellant.
The first information report reads thus:

"Just before 4-5 days earlier to the Panchayat election
some people of village taunted me that a Rajput woman
H would be elected as 'Panch' in the election of this term.
BHERUSINGH v. STATEOFRAJ.(ANAND,J.] 571

There is only Rajput home in our village and me a my A
elder brother reside there. I suspected that something was
worng. On that very night I enquired this with my wife
Kajurbai but she denied about any illegetimate relation-
ship but I was not satisfied and I kept on asking. In the
last night she confessed that she liked Bhojna Gujar of
Fazalpura and the illegitimate relationship developed with
B
him. At this I was very much disturbed in the last night.
Today when my wife was adjusting the stones of the wall
of the house, I went there with sword and cut her head
from the throat by giving a single blow of the sword. My
children Raj Bahadur aged 2 years, Nand Kanswar aged c
14 years, Hansa aged 7 years were playing there I also
killed them by sword. Then I found my 8 years children
Nathu who was standing near the tree of Reua. I ran
towards him and also killed him by sword as soon as he
reached near the house of Chhotu Maharaj. The 4 years
D
child Manraj cfied out and ran towards the hand pump
but I followed her and also killed her by the sword. My
sister-in-law Ratan Kanwar came at that time and she
tried to stop me but the devil was on my head; my wife
deceived me and here children must also have been
procured by others. I have killed all of them and now I E
submit my sword".

The police proceedings after the said first information report Ex. P-42 was
recorded, read as follows:
F
"Bhairu Singh S/o Kalyan Singh Caste Rajput r/o
Fadalpura has produced the sword with this information.
This sword is stained with the blood. The half of its' blood
became dried. Some hair stained with blood are also
attached with it. The handle of it is made of iron and the
sword is 37 inches at length alongwith the handle of it and G
+ 1V4 inches is at width. On the : :nger nearest of the thumb
of the left hand of Bhairu Singh there are two inside-bones
and the fresh blood is melted onit. He is wearing the long
sleeve shirt and white shirt. The spots of blood are also
seen on it. On the basis of the above i.pformation the case H
572 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 1 S.C.R.

A was registered as number 40 dated 3.6.1988, section 302 >- .
I.P.C. read with 4/25 Arms Act and tQ.e proceeding was
initiated".

19. From a careful perusal of this first information report we find
that it discloses the motive for the murder and the manner in which the
B appellant committed the six murders. The appellant produced the blood
stained sword with which according to him he committed tlie murders. In
our opinion the first information report Ex. P-42, however is not a wholly
confessional statement, but only that part of it i~ admissible in evidence
which does not amount to a confession and is not hit by the provisions of
C Section 25 of the Evidence Act. The relat~onship of the appellant with the
deceased; the motive for commission of the crime and. the presence of his
sister-in-law PW 11 do not amount to the confession of committing any
crime. Those statements are non-confessional in nature and can be used
against the appellant as evidence under Section 8 of the Evidence Act. The
D production and seizure of the sword by the appellant at the police station,
which was blood stained, is also saved by the provisions of the Evidence
Act. However, the statement that the sword had been used to commit the
murders as well as the manner of committing the crime is clearly inadmis-
sible in evidence. Thus, to the limited extent as we have noticed above and
save to that extent only the other portion of the first information report Ex.
E P-42 must be excluded from evidence as the rest of the statement amounts
~o confession of committing the crime and is not admissible in evidence.

20. Before proceeding further, it would at this stage be also proper
to deal with the confessional statement· of the appellant recorded under
F Section 164 Cr. P.C., Ex. P-2 on 14.6.1988. In this connection, before
adverting to the analysis of the statement made by the appellant Ex. P-2,
it would be desirable to examine the statement of the learned Judicial
Magistrate who recorded the confessional statement Ex. P-2. Shri Tara
Chand Soni, Judicial Magistrate recorded the confessional statement under
G Section 164 Cr. P.C. Appearing as PW 1, he statedthat on 8.6.1988 while
he was posted as Munsif and Judicial Magistrate 1st Class, Surajmal
Constable submitted an application before him to record the statement of
the appellant under Section 164 Cr.P,C. The appelication was produced at
the residence of the learned Magistrate since the duty hours of the cou~t
were over. The learned Magistrate affixed the case for 9.6.1988 in the court
H and directed the police to produce the production warrant of the appellant
BHERU SINGH v. STATE OF RAJ. [ANAND, J.) 573

to show that he was in judicial custody. On 9th June, 1988, the appellant A
was remanded to judicial custody and directed to be kept separately from
other accused persons and the case was fued for 13.6.1988, on which date
the appellant appeared in his Court and stated that he wanted to make a
statement. PW 1 went on to depose that he disclosed his status as 1st Class
Magistrate and cautioned the appellant that "he is free to give or not give
the statement and in case he gives the statement, it may be read against
B
him". The appellant was also told that his statement would be recorded
only if he wanted to make it voluntarily and of his own free will. The
appellant was given 24 hours time and the Jailor was directed in writing by
the Magistrate that the appellant may be allowed to stay in the jail in a
place of his own choice so as to enable him to reflact and give a cool C
thought as to whether he wanted to make a confession or not. He assured
the appellant that he would not be sent to the police custody in case he
did not want to make the statement. The appellant was produced before
him on 14.6.1988 and on being asked by the Magistrate, the appellant
expressed his desire to make the statement. The learned Magistrate took D
all steps to remove any ,trace of fear from the appellant and observed the
formalities envisaged by Section 164(3) Cr.P.C. before recording the state-
ment Ex. P-2 under Section 164 Cr. P.C. The Magistrate went on to depose
that the statement was given by the appellant voluntarily and in Hindi and
that Ex. P-2 was recorded in the manner given by the appellant.
E
21. In the confessional statement Ex. P-2 the record reveals that
before it was recorded; certain specific questions were put to the appellant
to assure him that he was making the statement before a first Class
Magistrate and that he need not be afraid of any one and that he was at
liberty to give· the statement without any fear. He was asked whether he F
was under threat from anyone to make the statement and the appellant
replied in the negative. He was cautioned that he is not bound to make any
confessional statement but that if he did make one, it could be read against
him. Thereafter, he made the statement which revealed the manp.er in
which he was taken from his house to the well in the jeep alongwith Ram
Bilas Mahajan and Girraj and the eonverstion which he had with them at G
the well. He went on to add that during the conversation "Girraj told me
+ pointing his men, I have given them Rs.50,000 to kill you and your family.
So if you want to save your life you yourself kill the members of your family
....... I agreed to kill my children. Girraj also told me. You have to say in
the court that your wife was bad character ....... " He went on to add that, H
574 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 1 S.C.R.

A thereafter, he killed his wife and children with the sword which belonged
to him. He stated that he first murdered his wife and thereafter the children
and then went to the police station and after giving the information
regarding commission of murders, produced the sword before the police,
with which mmders had been committed by him.

B 22. The High Court relied upon the confessional statement recorded
under Section 164 Cr.P.C. and found that the same was voluntary and had
been made by the appellant without any threat or fear and that it contained
a full confession of the crime and also disclosed the manner in which the
crime had been committed. The High Court also relied upon the report of
C the Serologist Shri V.N. Mathur, who had stated in the chemical report
that the seized articles including the blood statined sword produced by the
appellant and the clothes of the appellant were stained with human blood
of 'B' group, which tallied with the blood group with which the clothes of
the deceased persons were stained. The High Court treated this as suffi-
D cient corroboration of the retracted confessional statement Ex. P-2 and
further relying upon the testimony of the sister-in-law of the appellant PW
11, as well as other material on the record, found that the retracted
confession of the appellant had received ample corrob~ration both from
direct and other circumstatial evidence and agreeing with the Sessions
Judge, upheld the conviction of the appellant for the offence under Section
E 302 I.P.C.

23. We have considered the retracted judicial confession of the
appellant -carefully and analysed the statement of the learned Judicial
Magistrate Shri Tara Chand Soni PW 1. We have referred to the confes-
F sional statement in some details in the earlier part of this judgment. We
are satisfied that the learned Magistrate had taken all necessary precau-
tions to ensure that the appellant had sufficient time to-reflect before he
made his confessional statement and that he was under no fear or threat
or allurement before appearing in the Court to make the statement. The
G various questions put by the learned Magistrate to the appellant indicate
that he had taken all reasonable precautions to remove any trace of fear
from the appellant before he made the cofessional statement. The caution
envisaged by Section 164 Cr.P.C. was properly admisintered to.him and he
was told in no uncertain terms that he was not bound to make the statement
and that if he did make one, it could be used against him. Learned counsel
H for the appellant was unable to point out any circumstance from which it
ft
\

BHERU SINGH v. STATE OF RAJ. [ANAND, J.] 575

could be inferred that the confessional statement Ex. P-2 was not a volun- A
tary one. No infirmity whatsoever was pointed out either in the manner in
which the statement was recorded or in the statement itself. Report of the
Serologist Shri V.N. Mathur which established that the sword belonging to
and produced by the appellant as well as the clothes of the accused were
stained with human blood of 'B' group, which tallied with the blood group
of the deceased persons, which remained unchallenged lends sufficient
B
corroboration to the confessional statement, which the appellant tried to
retract at the trial. Nothing has been pointed out to doubt the ownership
and recovery of the blood stained sword from the appellant at the police
station by Shri Durga Shankar Sharma, PW 17. Seizures made during the
investigation have also not been doubted. c
24. The testimony of the sister-in-law of the appellant, Smt. Ratnabai
PW 11 who was subjected to repeated and lengthy cross-examination in the
trial court has remained unshaken. Her statement has impressed us and in
our opinion she had no reason to falsely implicate the appellant with such D
a heinous offence. Jor Singh PW 12 and Bhanwar Singh PW 13 have lent
sufficient corroboration to her testimony as well as to the confessional
statement of the appellant. The only discrepancy pointed out with regard
to the statement of PW 11 is that whereas in her statement under Section
161 Cr. P.C. she had named Hansabai, as the child who she herself saw
being murdered but at the trial she had given the name of that child as E
Manraj. She satisfactorily explained the discrepancy when the question was
put to her and even otherwise one cannot loose sight of the fact that the
witness had seen the most grueson:e type of murder by her brother-in-law
of his own wife and children, therefore, this minor discrepancy of the name
of the child would pale into insignificance particularly when both Hansa F
and Manraj were murdered by the appellant alongwith the others. We find
that PW ,11 Ratnabai is a reliable witness and her testimony provides
sufficient corroboration to the confessional statement of the appellant in
all material particulars.

25. PW 14 Kanha who is related to the deceased Kajodbai deposed G
that he knew the deceased and on being called by Jor Singh, who told him
that the appellant had slaughtered his family, he came to the spot and saw
+ the slaughted bodies of Kajodbai and the five children of the appellant. His
thumb impression was taken when the investigation officer arrived at the
spot and prepared the site plan. He deposed about the seizure of the blood H
-~
(

576 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 1 S.C:R.

A stained earth from the place of occun:ence as also the clothes of the
deceased children. Nothing was brought out in his cross-examination from
which any doubt could be cast on his veracity either. The bodies of the
children of the appellant as also that of his deceased wife were recovered
from the house and from outside in the compound of the house and the
lane. There is no infirmity or suspicious circumstance available on the
B record which may in any way cast any doubt on the prosecution version as
put forward at the trial. The ocular testimony of Ratnabai PW 11, who has
since left the village suffers from no blemish and since we have found her
to be a wholly reliable witness, if could by itself form the basis for
conviction of the appellant for the murder of Manrajbai. Her testimony has
c also shown the conduct of the appellant at the time of and after committing
the crime. We are satisfied that there is sufficient corroboration available
on the record, both direct and circumstantial, to the voluntary confessional
statement of the appellant recorded under Section 164 Cr.P.C., eventhough
retracted at the trial.
D
26. Thus, from the evidence on the record and the above discussion,
the conclusion is irresistiable that the prosecution has established beyond
a reasonable doubt that the appellant had committed the murder of his
wife Smt. Kajodbai and their five children in the manner alleged by the
prosecution and, therefore-, the courts below rightly convicted h~ for the
E offence under Section 302 l.P.C. on each of the counts. We uphold- his
conviction as recorded by the courts below.

27. So far as the sentence is concerned, while narrating the prosecu-
tion case we have indicated the motive as given by the appellant in the
F admissible portion of the first information report Ex. P-42 and in his
confessional statement. This needlessly suspicious husband, doubting the
fidelity of his wife Smt. Kajodhai and suspecting her of having an affair
with Bhojhak Gujjar did not stop short at severing the head of Kajodbai
from her body and thereby slaughtering her but went on a murdering spree
G and murdered his five children also one after the other for no rhyme or
reason. The young innocent children aged between 2 to 14 yerars were
murdered in a most brutal manner for no fault of theirs. He chased the
children and murdered them. The entreaties by his brother's wife Smt.
Ratnabai PW 11, to spare at least the last child, also went unheeded by the -+
appellant. The appellant committed a most heinous cold blooded and
H gruesome murder. When even the lower spiecies, like the animals and the
BHERUSINGH v. STATEOFRAJ.[ANAND,J.] 577

birds, would take all steps to protect their progeny, the appellant fell down A
to such depth of depravity as to slaughter his own wife and children, for
no fault of their, only on some suspicion being planted in his mind that his
deceased wife was having an affair with Bhojak Gujar. The act of the
appellant in murdering his wife and five childre~ in cold blood on hearing
rumour of infidelity of his wife on one occasion, sends a chill down our
spine and shocks our judicial conscience.
B

28. While dealing with the question of sentence in Dhananjoy Chat-
terjee @ Dhana v. State of West Bengal, (Criminal Appeal No. 584 of 1992,
decided on 11.1.1994), this Court observed that the rising crime rate had
made t~1e criminal sentencing by the courts a subject of concern and though C
it is not possible to lay down any cut and dry formula relating to imposition
of sentence and went on to s3y:

"the object of sentencing should be to see that the
crime does not go unpunished and the victim of crime as
also the society has the satisfaction that justice has been D
done to it. In imposing sentences, in the absence of
specific legislation. Judges must consider variety of factors
and after considering all those factors and taking on
over-all view of the situation, impose sentence which they
consider to be an appropriate one. Aggravating factors
E
cannot be ignored and similarly mitigating circumstanc:!s
have also to be taken into consideration.

In our opinion, the measure of punishment in a given
case must depend upon the atrocity of the crime; the
conduct of the criminal and the defenceless and un- F
protected state of the victim. Imposition of appropriate
punishment is the manner in which the courts respond to
the society's cry for justice against the criminals. Justice
demands that courts should impose punishment fitting to
the crime so that the courts relect public abhorrence of
the crime. The courts must not only keep in view the rights
G
of the criminal but also the rights of the victim of crime
and the society at large while considering imposition of
appropriate punishment".

29. The barbaric gruesome and heinous type of crime which the H
578 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 1 S.C.R.

A appellant committed is a revolt against the society and an affront to human
dignity. There are no extenuating or mitigating circumstances whatsoever
in this case nor have any been pointed out and in our opinion it is a fit
case which calls for no punishment other than the capital punishment and
we accordingly confirm the sentence of death imposed upon the appellant.'
The plea of his learned counsel for mercy is unjustified and the prayer for
B sympathy, in the facts an4 circumstances of the case, is wholly misplaced.
We, therefore, uphold the conviction and"sentence of death imposed upon
the appellant by the courts below for the offence under Section 302 I.P.C.

In the result, this appeal fails and is hereby dismissed.

R.P. Appeal dismissed.