BHARTI CELLULAR LIMITEDversusUNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

                [2010] 12 S.C.R. 725


               BHARTI CELLULAR LIMITED                         A
                             V.
                UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.
              (Civil Appeal No. 7026 of 2003)

                    OCTOBER 5, 2010
                                                                B
     [MARKANDEY KATJU AND T.S. THAKUR, JJ.]

      Leave and Licence - Licence agreement executed by
and between appellant-licencee and Government for providing
cellular mobile telephone services - Dispute relating to C
computation of licence fee dues, interest, penal interest,
liquidated damages etc. - Tribunal upheld the computation
of licence fee demanded and realized by the respondent-
Union of India in terms of the Licence Agreement holding that
appellant gave its unconditional acceptance to the entire D
Migration package, thus, it was not entitled to raise any issue
relating to pre-migration period; and further issued directions
for re-working the licence fee dues along with interest -
Propriety of - Held: Proper - Once the appellant had
specifically and unconditionally agreed to accept the E
Migration Package and given up all disputes relating to
Licence Agreement, it was not open to it to tum around and
agitate any such dispute after availing of the Migration
Package - No legal flaw in the directions issued by the
 Tribunal and consequently no reason to interfere with the order F
passed by it - Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act,
 1997 - ss. 14(a)(I) and 18 - Maxim, "qui approbat non
reprobate"- Applicability of

     The appellant-company held a licence to provide
cellular mobile telephone services for Delhi Metro area.        G
The Licence Agreement executed between the appellant
on the one hand and the Union of India on the other, inter
alia, provided for payment of fixed amount towards

                             725                                H
    726      SUPREME COURT REPORTS             (2010] 12 S.C.R.


A licence fee for the first three years of the licence period.
  From the fourth year onwards the licence fee payable
  was to be on the basis of number of subscribers of the
  service provider subject to the minimum stipulated in the
  agreement.
B
         The appellant filed a petition before the Telecom
    Disputes Settlement Appellate Tribunal under Section
    14(a)(I) of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act,
    1997 contending that although it had a provisional
C   operational clearance from the respondent effective from
    29th August, 1995 and an interface/service approval from
    26th September, 1995, it could commence commercial
    services only from 15th November, 1995 and, therefore,
    the Licence Agreement should be deemed to have
    become operative only from 15th November, 1995 but the
D   respondents treated 26th September 1995 as the date of
    commencement of the Licence Agreement and
    computed the licence fee dues, interest, penal interest,
    liquidated damages etc. with reference to the said date.
    The appellant also questioned the method of computing
E   the number of subscribers for determining the licence fee
    payable from the fourth year onwards and the calculation
    of the interest and penal interest on the overdue amount.
    One other grievance of the appellant was regarding the
    Unit Call Rate for the purpose of calculation of the licence
F   fee.

      The respondent contested the petition on several
  grounds giving rise to the following four issues which the
  Tribunal framed for determination: (i) whether the
G methodology adopted by the respondent for arriving at
  the number of subscribers from the 4th year of the
  Licence Agreement was in order; (ii) whether the
  respondent could charge interest on the licence fee
  payable by the petitioner as demanded by the
H respondent in letters dated 10th August, 2009 and 6th
  BHARTI CELLULAR LIMITED v. UNION OF INDIA             727
                 AND ORS.
March, 2000; (iii) whether the petitioner is entitled to the   A
benefit of reduction in the unit call rate with effect from
1st May 1999 for calculating the per subscriber licence
fee and iv) whether the respondent can levy penal interest
on the licence fee from 1st February 2000 till the actual
date of payment. The Tribunal ultimately dismissed in          B
part the petition filed by the appellant.

    Dismissing the appeal, the Court

     HELD: 1. As regards the first issue, there is no legal
infirmity in the view taken by the Tribunal that the           C
respondents had clarified to the appellant and other
cellular operators that the basis for calculating the
number of subscribers for determining the licence fee
shall be the total figure of IMSI in the Home Location
Register. Once the petitioner-appellant had specifically       D
and unconditionally agreed to accept the Migration
Package and given up all disputes relating to Licence
Agreement for the period upto 31st July 1999, it was not
open to it to turn around and agitate any such dispute
after availing of the Migration Package. A party who has       E
unconditionally accepted the package cannot after such
a·cceptance reject the conditions subject to which the
benefits were extended to him under the package. It
cannot reject what is inconvenient and onerous while
accepting what is beneficial to its interests. The package     F
having been offered subject to the conditions that all
disputes relating to the Licence Agreement for the period
ending 31st July 1999 shall stand abandoned by the
operators there was no room going back on that
representation. No one can approbate and reprobate and         G
anyone who has accepted with full knowledge or notice
of facts, benefits under a transaction which he might have
rejected or contested, cannot question the transaction or
take up an inconsistent position qua the same. [Paras 5-
7] [732-C-D; 732-G-H; A; 733-C]
                                                               H
    728     SUPRE.ME COURT REPORTS            [2010] 12 S.C.R.

A       Shyam Tele/ink now Sistema Shyam Teleservices Ltd.
    v. Union of India, Civil Appeal No. 7236 of 2003 - relied on

       City Montessori School v. State of Uttar Pradesh and
  Ors. 2009 (14) SCC 253, New Bihar Biri Leaves Co. v. State
B of8ihar1981 (1) SCC 537 and R.N. Goswain v. Yashpa/ Dhir
    AIR 1993 SC 352 - referred to.

       2. The order of the Tribunal to the extent it related to
  the second issue has not been assailed by the appellant
  because the view taken by the Tribunal has gone in its
C favour and the matter remitted back for re-working the
  dues along with interest by the end of July 1999, keeping
  in view the observations made by the Tribunal in its
  order. The Ge>vernment has also not assailed the said
  part of the order. [Para 9] [734-A, BJ
D
       3. As regards the issue with regard to Unit Call Rate
  and the effect of any revision in such rate, the Tribunal
  rightly held that the limiting of the revision is confined to
  increase only. The expression "revision will be limited to
E 75% of the overall increase in the unit rate" in clause
  19.1 (f) of the Licence Agreement is indicative of the fact
  that revision was envisaged only in the case of increase
  in Unit Call Rate and not in the case of fluctuation
  resulting in a decrease in the said rate. That apart, the
  Tribunal has rightly held that the petitioner-appellant had
F not led any evidence before it and that the question
  regarding Unit Call Rate was not raised by it at any stage
  either before ()r after the licence was issued for the year
  1994 and that the issue relating to the Licence Agreement
  could not be agitated being a pre-migration package.
G [Para 11] [734-E-G]

      4. On issue no.iv, the Tribunal has rightly taken the
  view that the respondents were entitled to recover not
  only the outstanding licence dues but also interest due
H on the same for the period of default. The Tribunal rightly
   BHARTI CELLULAR LIMITED v. UNION OF INDIA            729
                  AND ORS.
held that to the extent condition stipulated a deadline i.e.   A
31st January, 2000 it was open to the respondent to
charge simple interest on the overdue amount for
keeping the licence valid instead of terminating the same
on the ground of default. [Para 12] [735-A-B]
                                                               B
     5. In the totality of the above circumstances, there is
no reason to interfere with the order passed by the
Tribunal nor is there any legal flaw in the directions
issued by the Tribunal for re-working the dues along with
interest keeping in view the observations made in the          C
order under appeal. [Para 13] [735-C]

                    Case Law Reference:
    2009 (14) sec 253        referred to          Para 7
    1981 (1) sec 537         referred to          Para 7       D

    AIR 1993 SC 352          referred to          Para 7
    CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
7026 of 2003.
                                                               E
     From the Judgment & Order dated 23.05.2003 of the
Telecom Disputes Settlement Appellate Tribunal in Pet. No.
15/01.

    Gopal Jain, Ankur Saigal, Abhay Jena, Bina Gupta for the
                                                               F
Appellant.

    Indira Jaisingh, ASG, S. Wasim A. Qadri, Padmalakshmi
Nigam, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Saima Bakshi, Shreekant N.
Terdal for the Respondents.
                                                               G
    The Judgment of the Court was deliverd by

    T.S. THAKUR, J. 1. This appeal under Section 18 of the
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 is directed
against an order dated 23rd May, 2003 passed by the
                                                               H
    730     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2010] 12 S.C.R.


A Telecom Disputes Settlement Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi,
  whereby the Tribunal has dismissed in part the petition filed by
  the appellant under Section 14 (a)(I) of the Act and upheld the
  computation of licence fee demanded and realized by the
  respondent-Union of India in terms of the Licence Agreement
B executed between the parties.

       2. The appellant-company holds a licence to provide
  cellular mobile telephone services for Delhi Metro area. The
  Licence Agreement executed between the appellant on the one
  hand and the Government of India on the other, inter alia,
C provided for payment of fixed amount towards licence fee for
  the first three years of the licence period. From the fourth year
  onwards the licence fee payable was to be on the basis of
  number of subscribers of the service provider subject to the
  minimum stipulated in the agreement. Clause 19 of the Licence
D Agreement in particular dealt with this aspect and, inter alia,
  provided that for the first three years a lump sum licence fee
  shall be chargeable annually and that the year shall be reckoned
  as the period of twelve months beginning with the date of
  commissioning of the services or completion of twelve months
E from the date of the signing of the licence whichever is earlier.

       3. The appellant's case before the Tribunal was that
  although it had a provisional operational clearance from the
  respondent effective from 29th August, 1995 and an interface/
F service approval from 26th September, 1995, it could
  commence commercial services only from 15th November, 1995
  meaning thereby the Licence Agreement should be deemed
  to have become operative only from 15th November, 1995. The
  respondents, however, treated 26th September 1995 i.e. the
G date when the interface/service clearance was given as the date
  of commencement of the Licence Agreement and computed
  the licence fee dues, interest, penal interest, liquidated
  damages etc. with reference to the said date. The appellant
  also questioned the method of computing the number of

H
  BHARTI CELLULAR LIMITED v. UNION OF INDIA                  731
          AND ORS. [T.S. THAKUR, J.]
subscribers for determining the licence fee payable from the         A
fourth year onwards contending that the term "subscribers"
should be understood to be such as have activated cellular
mobile telephone connection from the appellant and as are
currently activated and used by a person for which bills are
issued by the appellant. A few other disputes were also raised       B
by the appellant in the petition filed on its behalf. One of them
related to the alleged illegality and arbitrary computation of the
advance payment stipulated for the entire quarter as due in the
month of June itself and calculation of the interest and penal
interest on the overdue amount. One other grievance of the           c
appellant was regarding the Unit Call Rate for the purpose of
calculation of the licence fee. It was contended by the appellant
that in terms of the Licence Agreement the rate of Rs.5 lakhs
per 100 subscribers was based on the Unit Call Rate of
Rs.1.10\ This rate was revised by the respondent to Rs.6.023
                                                                     0
lakhs per 100 subscribers or part thereof on 30th July 1998
based on the Unit Call Rate of Rs.1.40 prevalent at that time.
Unit Call Rate was then reduced to Rs.1.20 from 1st May,
1999. The appellant, therefore, claimed that the calculation of
the licence fee payable for the period from 1st May, 1999 to
31st July, 1999 should be on the basis of the then Unit Call         E
Rate prevalent, namely, Rs.1.20 only.

     4. The respondent contested the petition on several
grounds giving rise to the following four issues which the
Tribunal framed for determination:                                   F

             (i)   Whether the methodology adopted by the.
                   Respondent for arriving at the number of
                   subscribers from the 4th year of the Licence
                   Agreement was in order?
                                                                     G
            (ii)   Whether the Respondent could charge
                   interest on the licence fee payable by the
                   Petitioner as demanded by the Respondent
                   in letters dated 10th August 1999 and 6th
                                                                     H
    732      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2010] 12 S.C.R.


A                        March 2000?

                 (iii)   Whether the Petitioner is entitled to the
                         benefit of reduction in the unit call rate with
                         effect from 1st May 1999 for calculating the
                         per subscriber licence fee?
B
                 (iv)    Whether the respondent can levy penal
                         interest on the licence fee from 1st February
                         2000 till the actual date of payment?

c        5. In so far as issue No.(i) above is concerned, the Tribunal
    took the view that the respondents had clarified to the appellant
    and other cellular operators that the basis for calculating the
    number of subscribers for determining the licence fee shall be
    the total figure of IMSI in the Home Location Register. The
0   Tribunal found that the representation made on the subject by
    the petitioner-appellant on 1st April, 1999 was rejected by the
    respondent on 23rd April, 1999 and the appellant offered a
    Migration Package on 22nd July, 1999 which, inter alia,
    contained a clause that no dispute relating to the Licence
E   Agreement for the period upto 31st July 1999 shall be raised
    at any future date. The appellant gave its unconditional
    acceptance to the entire Migration package on 27th July, 1999.
    Having done so, the appellant was not entitled to raise any
    issue that relatE3d to the pre-migration period.

F         6. There is, in our opinion, no legal infirmity in the view
    taken by the Tribunal. Once the petitioner-appellant had
    specifically and unconditionally agreed to accept the Migration
    Package and given up all disputes relating to Licence
    Agreement for the period upto 31st July 1999, it was not open
G   to it to turn around and agitate any such dispute after availing
    of the Migration Package. A party who has unconditionally
    accepted the package cannot after such acceptance reject the
    conditions subject to which the benefits were extended to him
    under the package. It cannot reject what is inconvenient and
H   onerous while accepting what is beneficial to its interests. The
BHARTI CELLULAR LIMITED v. UNION OF INDIA AND 733
            ORS. [TS. THAKUR, J.]
package having been offered subject to the conditions that all      A
disputes relating to the Licence Agreement for the period
ending 31st July 1999 shall stand abandoned by the operators
there was no room going back on that representation.

     7. Relying upon the decision of this Court in City             8
Montessori School v. State of Uttar Pradesh and Ors. 2009
(14) SCC 253, New Bihar Biri Leaves Co. v. State of Bihar
1981 (1) SCC 537 and R.N. Goswain v. Yashpal Ohir AIR
1993 SC 352, this Court has in Civil Appeal No. 7236 of 2003
- Shyam Telelink now Sistema Shyam Teleservices Ltd. v.             C
Union of India held that no one can approbate and reprobate
and anyone who has accepted with full knowledge or notice of
facts, benefits under a transaction which he might have rejected
or contested, cannot question the transaction or take up an
inconsistent position qua the same. We have said:
                                                                    D
     "The maxim qui approbat non reprobat (one who
     approbates cannot reprobate) is firmly embodied in
     English Common Law and often applied by Courts in this
     country. It is akin to the doctrine of benefits and burdens
     which at its most basic level provides that a person taking    E
     advantage under an instrument which both grants a benefit
     and imposes a burden cannot take the former without
     complying with the latter. A person cannot approbate and
     reprobate or accept and reject the same instrument."
                                                                    F
     8. In the light of the above, the view taken by the Tribunal
is legally unexceptionable.

      9. That brings us to the second issue formulated by the
Tribunal for determination. The Tribunal has answered this issue
in favour of the appellant holding that while respondent was        G
entitled to recover licence fee together with interest from the
earlier unpaid amounts upto and for the month of July 1999, it
was not entitled to recover both advance quarterly licence fee
for July-September 1999 and revenue-sharing fees for August
1999 and September 1999 in terms of the Migration Package.          H
    734       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2010] 12 S.C.R.

A   This part of the order of the Tribunal has not been assailed
    before us by the appellant obviously because the view taken
    by the Tribunal has gone in its favour and the matter remitted
    back for re-working the dues along with interest by the end of
    July 1999, keeping in view the observations made by the
B   Tribunal in para 23 of its order. It is noteworthy that the
    Government has also not assailed the said part of the order.

        10. The third issue which had been taken up by the Tribunal
  for consideration related to the Unit Call Rate and the effect of
C any revision in such rates. Condition 19.1 (f) which is relevant
  in this context reads:

          "19.1 (f): The rate of Rs.five lakhs per hundred subscribers
          or part thereof is based on the unit call rate of Rs.1.10.
          Fourth year onwards, as defined in clause 19.1 (d), the rate
0         of Rs.five lakhs will be revised based on the unit call rate.
          The revision will be limited to 75% of the overall increase
          in the unit rate during the period preceding such revisions."

        11. Relying on the above provisions Tribunal held that even
E though there is no specific exclusion of downward revision in
  the clause extracted above, the limiting of the revision is
  confined to increase only. The expression "revision will be
  limited to 75% of the overall increase in the unit rate" appearing
  in clause 19.1 (f) (supra) is indicative of the fact that revision
  was envisaged only in the case of increase in Unit Call Rate
F and not in the case of fluctuation resulting in a decrease in the
  said rate. That apart, the Tribunal has rightly held that the
  petitioner-appellant had not led any evidence before it and that
  the question regarding Unit Call Rate was raised by it at any
  stage either before or after the licence was issued for the year
G 1994 and that the issue relating to the Licence Agreement
  could not be agitated being a pre-migration package.

        12. That leaves us with issue no.4 formulated by the Tribunal
  relating to the levy of interest on the licence fee from 1st January
H 2000 till actual date of payment. The Tribunal has taken the
BHARTI CELLULAR LIMITED v. UNION OF INDIA AND 735
            ORS. [T.S. THAKUR, J.]
view, and in our opinion rightly so, that the respondents were        A
entitled to recover not only the outstanding licence dues but also
interest due on the same for the period of default. The Tribunal
has rightly held that to the extent condition stipulated a deadline
i.e. 31st January, 2000 it was open to the respondent to charge
simple interest on the overdue amount for keeping the licence         B
valid instead of terminating the same on the ground of default.

     13. In the totality of the above circumstances, we see no
reason to interfere with the order passed by the Tribunal nor
do we see any legal flaw in the directions issued by the Tribunal
for re-working the dues along with interest keeping in view the       C
observations made in the order under appeal.

    14. There is no merit in this appeal which is hereby
dismissed but without any order as to costs.
                                                                      D
B.B.B.                                        Appeal dismissed.