BACHHITAR SINGH & ANRversusSTATE OF PUNJAB

                      BACHHITAR SINGH & ANR.                                       A
                                       \'.

                           STATE OF PUNJAB

                          SEPTEMBER 26, 2002

              [Y.K. SABHARWAL AND H.K. SEMA, JJ.]                                  B
       Penal Code, I 860; Section 302: Murder of 8 persons including children--
Conviction on the basis of testimony of prosecution witness-Corroboration
by circumstantial evidence-Correctness of-Held, one wtry of testing the
veracity of the witness is simplicity of state1nent and consistency in the
statement-It must be carejit!ly scrutinized and tested--On facts, Held, evidence   C
rightly relied upon by the Courts-Evidence Act, 1872:

        Trustworthiness of the prosecution witness-Prosecution witness present
 on the spot for the purpose of negotiation to resolve the dispute between his
 relation and accused-He rushed back to his native village tiJ save his life
fi"om accused armed with weapons-Held, under the circumstances, nothing            D
 is unnatural in the behaviour of the prosecution witness-Hence his testimony
 is natural, trustworthy and wholly reliable.

      Sentencing:

      Murder-Capital punishment-Justification-Held, admittedly crime               E
committed in a hejnous and brwal manner, but in the absence of evidence to
the contrary that accused are menace to society, case does not fall within the
category of rarest of rare case-Under the circumstances, sentencing ofaccused
to rigorous imprisonment for life would meet the ends of justice.
                                                                                   F
      Accused-appellant lodged a report ill the Police Station about the
murder of his two elder brothers and other family members including
children by two unknown persons. During Police investigation, statement
of PW3 (Brother-in-law of one of the deceased) was recorded under
Section 161 Cr.P.C. It revealed that one of the deceased (Brother-in-law
of PW3) had given his land on contract to his younger brother, accused-            G
appellant who was not paying reasonable consideration amount. Thus his
brother-in-law decided to give contract of the said land to some other
person to get reasonable consideration amount. When accused-appellant
came to know this fact, he threatened to eliminate him (the deceased).
Further PW 3, and family members tried to persuade the accused-                    H
                                     621
    622                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   appellant but he and another accused (Sarpanch) opposed it. In the
    meanwhile, PW3 went to the house of his sister for further negotiations
    and for convening a meeting of Panchayat on the next day to resolve the
    matter and stayed at her house, and slept on the roof. At midnight, he
    saw the appellant-accused accompanied by two other accused persons
B   entering into the room of the deceased and then he heard firing sound.
    He rushed towards his native village and disclosed about the incident to
    his family members. When they came on the spot, Police was already
    present there and investigating into the matter.

         The three accused were arrested, guns and other articles were
C   recovered at the instance of the accused persons. Charges were framed
    against them under Section 460/302 read with Section 34 IPC and Section
    30 of the Arms Act.

          Trial Court found them guilty of the offences charged and awarded
    capital punishment. The conviction and sentence was confirmed by the
D   High Court. Hence these appeals.

          It was contended for the appellants that the presence of PW3 at the
    place of incident was not established, his behaviour was unnatural as after
    seeing the incident instead of informing the matter to police he preferred
    to rush back to his native village; that he slept on the roof on the fateful
E   day, was also unnatural. All these circumstances rendered the testimony
    of PW3 unreliable; that the bullet injuries on the deceased appeared in
    quick succession could possibly be caused by terrorist by using AK-47 rine;
    and that empty cartridges were planted by the prosecution after seizure
    of the guns by the police.

F         Disposing of the appeals, the Court

          HELD: 1.1. The conviction and sentence of the appellants was based
    on the testimony of PW3 corroborated by other lending and clinching
    circumstances pointing the accusing finger to the appellants. In fact, the
G   testimony of PW3 has been carefully scrutinized, tested and accepted by
    the Courts below. 1629-A, BJ

          1.2. The testimony of PW3 is quite natural, trustworthy and wholly
    reliable. He was the relation of one of the deceased, there is no reason why
    he would falsely depose against the appellants and allow the real assailants
H   escape unpunished. The presence of PW3 in the village on the fateful day
               BACHHiTAR SINGH r. STATE OF PUNJAB                        623
is quite natural because in his statement he has clearly stated that there       A
was dispute over the land between his brother-in-law and the accused-
appellant. Since it could not be resolwd by persuasion, a Panchayat was
to be convened on the next day. His not meeting any of the villagers would
be no ground to throw away his testimony. 1629-F, GI

      1.3. There are no hard and fast rules to test the veracity of the          B
witnesses. One way of testing the veracity of the witness is the simplicity
of the statement. Simplicity of the statement is indicative of the naturalness
and truthfulness. Often the polished statement tendered by the witnesses
is the product of coloured version. In the instant case, the simplicity of
the testimony of PW3 reflects the naturalness and the truthfulness of the        C
maker. It is not disputed that both the offensive weapons belong to accused.
But this witness, both in his examination under Section 161 Cr.P.C. and
testimony in the Court, had consistently stated that one of the accused was
not armed whereas the other two accused were armed with weapons.
                                                                 1629-E, F, GI
                                                                                 D
      1.4. PW3 sleeping on the roof of the deceased is quite natural as
people used to sleep on the roof during hot season. The behaviour of PW3,
after seeing the accused armed with weapons and hearing of firing,
jumping from the roof and running towards his village to inform his family
members instead of loitering around in the village and informing
somebody risking his life, is quite natural. The incident had happened at        E
1.00 A.M. and that at that odd time, nobody would be readily available
to be informed without loss of time. In the process, the life of the witness
would be at great risk. 1631-A, B, Cl

      1.5. The entire incident had taken place inside a room. Nobody had
seen what had happened inside the room. As to how the deceased were              F
killed and in what manner and fashion, nobody had seen, so also the time
taken in the commission of the crime. But from the evidence of PWI and
PW2, it is clear that the deceased sustained gun shot injuries. At the same
time, there was no evidence to show that the deceased had threat
perception from terrorists. The theory of planting of empty cartridges by        G
the prosecution is belied by the inquest report. 1632-C, D; GI
      1.6. It is significant to note that the accused never examined any
witness to show that he had gone to the field to irrigate his land. He did
not examine his wife, his mother (according to the prosecution story
mother is still alive), nor anybody to prove his alibi. Believing the eye-       H
    624                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   witness account of .PW3, coupled with other formidable materials on
    record, the guilt of the accused has been established beyond the shadow
    of doubt, as held by the trial Court and confirmed by the High Court.
                                                                  1634-B, Cl

           2. Having regard to the absence of evidence to show that the
B   appellants are a menace to the society threatening the peaceful and            ¥-
    harmonious co-existence of the society and they are likely to be a
    continuous threat to the society once they come out of incarceration,
    though the crime was committed in a heinous and brutal manner, but
    viewed from· the facts and circumstances, it would be difficult to hold that
C   the case falls within the category of "rarest of rare" cases. At the same
    time, there is no reason to believe that they cannot be reformed or
    rehabilitated. The appellants must be given a chance to repent that what
    they have done is neither approved by the law or by the society and be
    reformed or rehabilitated and become good and law abiding citizens.
    J:'lence sentencing of accused to rigorous imprisonment for life would meet
D   the ends of justice and the same is awarded in place of the death sentence
    awarded by the Trial Court and confirmed by the High Court.
                                                       1634-G, H; 635-A, B, q

          Prakash Dhawal Khairnar (Patil) v. State of Maharashtra, (2002) 2
    SCC 35 and Ram Anup Singh and Ors. v. State of Bihar, JT (2002) 5 621,
E   relied on.

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.:
    1229 of 2001.                                              '

F        From the Judgment and Order dated 24.7.2001 of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court in 515-DB of 2000 and Murder Reference No.6/2000.
                                       WITH
          CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1228 OF 2001.

          R.S. Cheema, H.L. Aggarwal and K.B. Sinha, Kawaljit Kochhar, K.S.
G Nalwa, S.C. Paul, Ms. Kusum Chaudhary for the Appellants.
          Ano~p G. Chaudhari, Bimal Roy Jad, Sunita Pandit, B.K. Khurana, Ms.
    Harpreet Kaur Dhillon, A.P. Mohanty, Dinesh Verma and Ms. Suresh Kumari,
    for the Respondent.

H         The Judgment of the Com1 was delivered by
       BACHHJTAR SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB [H.K. SEMA. J.]             625

      SEMA, J. A bizarre tale of gruesome murder in which eight members A
of two families - Sukhwant Singh, wife Plar Kaur. daughters Gurjit Kaur (12
years) & Gogi (9 years) and Bhupinder Singh. wife Joginder Kaur, sons
Harjinder Singh (6 years) & Bhupinder Singh ( 13 years), were eliminated by
the appellants due to greed to grab the land of the deceased - Sukhwant
Singh! The murder was engineered by the accused Bachittar Singh, the younger B
brother of the deceased. The story of 'Pahom' in Shakespere's play, "How
much land does a man need?" is being repeated in these proceedings.
Ultimately, the land required is a 'place for funeral pyre and burial'.

      Recapitulation of brief facts is necessary. Accused Bachittar Singh had
two brothers deceased Sukhwant Singh and Bhupinder Singh, who were elder C
to him. All the three brothers were residents of the Village Dholewala.
Sukhwant Singh and Bhupinder Singh were residing in the Haveli, whereas
accused Bachittar Singh was residing separately in the Village. Oh 19.4.1994,
at about 6.30 A.M., daily diary report No. 35 was got recorded by Bachittar
Singh, stating therein that during the night time he had gone to irrigate his
land and when he came back at about 3 A.M., he received information from D
his wife - Rajbir Kaur, that during the night time, she had heard firing in the
Village. Bachittar Singh, however, ignored it. At about 6.00 AM, his cousin
Pipal Singh, s/o Balkar Singh came to his residence and reported to him that
at about 1.00 AM two unknown persons had murdered Sukhwant Singh,
Bhupinder Singh and their families. Thereafter, Bachittar Singh accompanied E
by Pipal Singh went to the house of his brothers and found his brothers -
Sukhwant Singh and Bhupinder Singh murdered alongwith their wives and
children. Pipal Singh was left there to guard the dead bodies and Bachittar
Singh had gone to the Police Station to lodge a report and as per his statement
daily diary report was recorded at 6.30 A.M.
                                                                             F
       As per the prosecution story, when the police was investigating the
case on the spot, Joginder Singh (PW-3) son of Ajaib Singh, resident of
village Mastewala came there and his statement under Section 161 Cr.P.C.
was recorded by the police. In his statement, Joginder Singh stated that his
sister - Piar Kaur was married to Sukhwant Singh about 15 years back.
Sukhwant Singh was not keep;ng good health c.s he indulged in excessive G
drinking. Since he was not keeping good health, he had given his land on
Theka to his younger brother - Bachittar Singh, but Bachittar Singh was not
paying reasonable Theka. As the financial position of Sukhwant Singh was
not sound and they were having difficulties in maintaining the family,
Sukhwant Singh and Piar Kaur consulted PW-3 and other family members H
     626                    SUPREME COl;Jn HF PORTS 120021 SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

 A  and decided that this time the land would not be given to Bachittar. Sinah
                                                       ~                      0
                                                                                 on
    Theka. When this fact was brought to the notice of Bachittar Singh. he
    threatened to eliminate both his brothers along with their families and he
    refused tG vacate the land. It is fw1her stated that on last Thursday (before
    the incident) his sister -Piar Kaur visited the Village Mastewala and disclosed
  B that the land was not to be given to Bachittar Singh. Joginder Singh along
    with his father and some persons had gone to the Village Dholewala along
    with Piar Kaur to have a talk with Bachittar Singh to. vacate the land. It is
    stated that Bachittar Singh along with Malook Singh - Sarpanch, came to the
    house of Sukhwant Singh and Bachittar Singh was requested to vacate the
    land as Suklnvant Singh had minor children to support. Since Bachittar Singh
  C was not giving reasonable theka, they wanted to give the land to Bhupinder
    Singh to cultivate. Bachittar Singh did not .agree to this and replied that he
    would not vacate the land at any cost. Malook Singh - Sarpanch supported
    him stating that the land should remain with Bachittar Singh and they should
    not create any problem for him. Bhupinder Singh also requested Bachittar
    Singh to vacate the land, but without any result. Thereafter, Joginder Singh .
. D his father and other members came back to Village Mastewala with the idea
    of further consultation in the matter. On 18.4.1994, Joginder Singh had gone
    to the house of Sukhwant Singh to enquire about the welfare of the family
    and to convene a Panchayat. After meals, Joginder Singh was sleeping on the
    roof, when at about 1.00 A.M. he heard firing from the side of deory. Then,
  E he saw Bachittar Singh empty handed, Malook Singh - Sarpanch armed with
     .12 bore gun and Amarjit Singh@ Fauji armed with rifle. Malook Singh and
    Ama1jit Singh were with muffled faces. He saw them in the electric light,
     which was on in the courtyard. At the instance of Bachittar Singh, Amarjit
     Singh @ Fauji. had gone towards the room of Bhupinder Singh along with
     Bachittar Singh and got opened the doors. Jn the meantime, Malook Singh -
  F Sarpanch had gone towards the room of Sukhwant Singh where the inmates
     of families were sleeping. The room was locked from inside. Malook Singh
     had managed to go inside the room by removing the left plank of the door..
     At this time, Joginder Singh heard firing from the rooms of Bhupinder Singh
     and Sukhwant Singh. He was empty handed. Out of fear he came down from
  G the roof from the western side of the Haveli by jumping on the grass from
     the house ofSukhwant Singh.Joginder Singh then came straight to his Village
     - Mastewala and disclosed about the incident to his family members. Thereafter,
     Joginder Singh alongwith his family members came back to Village Dholewala
     and found the. police on the spot. ASI Surinder Mohan prepared inquest
      report at 6.30 A.M. and also took into possession one piece of cloth, thatha.
  H turban, empty ca11ridges etc. vide recovery memos. attested by the witnesses.
       BACH HIT AR SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB [H.K. SEMA. J.]               627

       The accused - Bachittar Singh, Ama1jit Singh and Malook Singh were A
arrested on 24.4.1994 and a black thatha was taken in possession. They were
interrogated and suffered disclosure statements separately. A black turban
and one DBBL gun were recovered in pursuance of the disclosure statement
of Bachittar Singh. Right shoe was recovered in pursuance of disclosure
statement of Amarjit Singh. One kamij (shirt), pyjama and a pair of shoes B
were recovered in pursuance of the disclosure statement of Malook Singh.
Recovered atiicles were taken into possession vide different recovery memos,
attested by the witnesses. After completing all the formalities, prima facie
case was made out and the charges were framed under Sections 460/302 read
with Section 34 l.P.C. and Section 30 of the Arms Act. The accused pleaded
not guilty and claimed to be tried. To bring home the guilt of the accused, C
the prosecution examined as many as 24 witnesses, namely, Dr. Charanjit
Singh PWI; Dr. Rachhpal Singh PW2; Joginder Singh PW3; Dr. Gian Singh
PW4; Piara Singh PW5; ASI Gurbhej Singh PW6; H.C. Gurdial Singh PW7;
Ajaib Singh PW8; Gurbinder Singh Patwari PW9; SI Surinder Pal PWJO;
A.S. Katari, JMIC PW! l; Constable Karnail Singh PWI2; Constable Kishan
Chand PW13; H.C. Karamjit Singh PW14;Sl Baldev Singh PW15; Surinder D
Singh,S.P.(H) PW16; Gursewak Singh Draftsman PWI 7; MHC Surinder Singh
PW18; Pardeep Kumar Ahlmad PW19; Jagtar Singh PW20; Tarsem Singh,
Arms Clerk PW2 I; AS! Surinder Mohan PW22; Inspector Balkar Singh PW23;
and Jagjit Singh, Sub Station Operator, PSEB PW24.
                                                                                  E
      The learned trial court, after thoroughly examining prosecution witnesses
and the documents available on record, has come to the conclusion that the
guilt of the accused has been established by the prosecution beyond the
shadow of doubt. The learned trial court also afforded an opportunity to the
accused of hearing on the quantum of sentence. While awarding Capital
punishment, the following reasons have been assigned:                             F
        "Admittedly, all the accused are in custody with effect from 24.4.1994.
        Bachittar Singh accused is real brother of Sukhwant Singh and
        Bhupinder Singh deceased. Sukhwant Singh along with his wife and
        two minor children aged about 12 years and 9 years were eliminated.
        Bhupinder Singh along with his wife and two minor children aged G
        about 6 years and 13 years were also eliminated. Land of Sukhwant
        Singh deceased was on Theka with Bachittar Singh. Bachittar Singh
        accused was not paying normal theka to his brother, whose financial
        position was not sound. Instead of helping his brother, Bachittar Singh
        was not agreeing to vacate the land. To grab the property Bachittar H
    628                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A          Singh hired two persons and eliminated two families. Accused had no
           respect for human life. Simply to grab the land of his brothers minor
           children were not spared. So. I am of the opinion that no question of
           leniency. In the first authority four persons were killed. Accused was
           convicted and sentenced to death. In the second authority Victims
           were sister-in-law of.accused and her daughter of 8 years. In the case
B          in hand during night time all the accused. as per story, had gone to
           the house of the deceased and eight persons were murdered, i.e. two
           complete families were eliminated. Present case is one of the rarest
           of the rare cases."

C        After hearing the parties on quantum of sentence, the learned trial court
    awarded Capital punishment to all the accused as under:

    Name of the accused          U/S                  Sentenced to

    Bachittar Singh,             460 IPC              Undergo RI for Seven each
D   Malook Singh and                                  years and to pay a fine of
    Amarjit Singh                                     Rs. I0.000 each. In default
                                                      of payment of fine to
                                                      further Undergo RI for one
                                                      Year each.

E Malook Singh                   302 !PC              Awarded death Sentence
                                                      for causing Murder of
                                                      Sukhwant Singh, Piar Kaur,
                                                      Gurjit Kaur and Gogi
  Bachittar Singh &              302/34               Awarded death sentence
F Amarjit Singh                  IPC                  each
    Amarjit Singh                302 IPC              Awarded death Sentence
                                                      for Causing murder of
                                                      Bhupinder Singh, Harjinder
                                                      Singh, bevinder and
                                                      Joginder Kaur.
G
    Bachittar Singh and          302/34               Awarded death
    Malook Singh                 IPC                   Sentence each
    Bachittar Singh               30 Arms Act          To undergo RI for six
                                                       Months.
H         On appeal, the conviction and the sentence award(,'.~ to all the accused
       BACH HIT AR SING,H r. STATE OF PUNJAB [H.K. SEMA. J.]              629
was affirmed by the High Court an.d hence these appeals by special leave.         A

       PW-3 Joginder Singh is the sole eye witness. A perusal of the judgment
of the trial court as well as tlie High Court would clearly show that both the
courts examined the ve1:acity of this witness and accepted his testimony as
natural, truthful and reliable. The conviction and sentence of the appellants
was based on the testimony of PW-3 corroborated by other lending and              B
clinching circumstances pointing the accusing finger to the appellants. In
fact, the testimony of PW-3 has been carefully scrutinized, tested and accepted
by the two courts.

       We have heard Mr. R S Cheema, learned senior counsel for appellants C
in Crl. Appeal No. 1229 of 2001, Mr. K.B. Sinha, learned senior counsel for
appellant in Crl. Appeal No. 1228 of 2001 and Mr. Anoop G. Choudhary,
learned senior counsel for the State.

      Learned counsel for the appellants challenged the veracity of the
testimony of PW-3 on various grounds. According to learned counsel, PW- D
3 came to the village Dlir>lewale is not established as no one saw him in the
village, including his aunt, who was also married in the same village. Learned
counsel further stated that the behaviour of Joginder Singh is quite unnatural
as after seeing the incident, instead of informing police or some villager,
including his relative, he went straight to his village Mastewala and came
back only the next morning. Learned counsel also contended that the statement E
of Joginder Singh, that on the fateful night he slept on the roof of Sukhwant
Singh, is quite unnatural. According to the learned counsel taking all these
circumstances into consideration, the testimony of PW-3 is wholly unreliable.
We are unable to accept this contention of the appellants. On the other hand,
we are clearly of the view that the testimony of PW-3 is quite natural, F
turstwo1thy and wholly reliable. He being the relation of Sukhwant Singh,
husband of his sister Piar Kaur, there is no reason why he would falsely
depose against the appellants and allow the real assailants escape unpunished.
Converse would be quite unnatural. The presence of PW-3 in the village
Dholewala on the fateful :day is quite natural because in his statement it has
come out clearly that there was a dispute over the land of Sukhwant Singh G
being given to Bachittar Singh on theka. Since it could not be resolved by
persuasion, a Panchayat was to be convened the next day and it. was to the
knowledge of Bachittar Singh. His not meeting with any of the villagers
would be no ground to throw away the testimony of PW-3. It is in his
statement that he arrived at the village Dholawale at about 7.30 P.M. and H
    630                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A after having meals he went to retire at the roof of Sukhwant Singh. The
    incident had happened on 19th April, 1994 and at that time the place where
    the incident had taken place must have been quite warm and PW-3 sleeping
    on the roof of Sukhwant Singh is quite natural as this is the practice in most
    of the Indian villages for people to sleep on the roof during hot season. This
B   witness fu11her deposed that he was empty handed and after seeing the accused
    equipped with arms and hearing the firing sound he got frightened and ran
    to his village to inform his father and other members of the family. This is
    also quite natural. Having seen the accused armed with weapons, he might
    have suddenly realised that if he loiters in the village and that too at the odd
                                                                                       -
    hours, at 1.00 A.M., his life would be in danger. He, therefore, might have
C   thought that to save himself from the clutches of the accused, instead of
    informing anybody in the village risking his life. he should inform his father
    and family. It appears from his statement that the witness had intervened to
    settle the dispute on several occasions to which accused Bachittar Singh
    objected and said that he would retain the field at any cost. Having realised
    the character and antecedents of Bachittar Singh, it is quite natural that
D   after seeing the accused with formidable weapons, he decided not to risk his
     life and ran to his village. Thus we see nothing unnatural in the behaviour
    of PW-3.

          There are no hard and fast rules to test the veracity of the witnesses.
E One way of testing the veracity of the witness is the simplicity of the statement.
    Simplicity of the statement is indicative of the naturalness and truthfulness.
    Often the polished statement tendered by the witnesses is the product of
    coloured version. In the instant case, the simplicity of the testimony of PW-
    3 reflects the naturalness and the truthfulness of the maker. As is seen from



                                                                                       -
    the prosecution story, Bachittar Singh was the king player as the dispute was
F   between Bach ittar Singh and Sukhwant Singh over the lease of the land on
    Theka. If the witness wanted to introduce the coloured version, he could have
    said that Bachittar Singh was armed with weapons. It is not disputed that
    both the offensive weapons, namely . I 2 bore gun and .303 bore rifle belong
    to Bachittar Singh. But this witness, both in his examination under Section
G    J6 J Cr.P.C. and testimony in the court, had consistently stated that Bachittar
    Singh was not armed whereas he stated that Malook Singh was am1ed with
    .12 bore DBBL gun and Amarjit Singh was armed with .303 rifle. This is
    clearly indicative of the naturalness and truthfulness of the testimony of PW-
     3. Ordinarily, interested witnesses tend to introduce coloured version and
     improvised statements to secure doubly sure conviction of the accused. This
H    is not so in the present case.
           BAClll IITAR SINGH v. ST ATE OF PUNJAB [H.K. SEMA . .I.]           631
           Human behaviour vary from man to man. Different people behave and A
    react differently in different situations. Human behaviour depends upon the
    facts and circumstances of each given case. How a man would behave in a
    panicular situation, can never be predicted. In the given circumstances, the
    behaviour of Joginder Singh PW-3 sleeping on the roof of the house of
    Sukhwant Singh: after seeing the accused armed with weapons and hearing B
    of firi1ig, jumping from the roof and running towards his village Mastewala
    to inform his father and family members instead of loitering around in the
    village Dholewala and informing somebody risking his life, is quite natural.
    One should not forget that the incident had happened at 1.00 A.M. and that
    at that odd time, nobody would be readily available to be informed without
    loss of time. In the process, the life of the witness would be at great risk. C

          From the prosecution evidence, it is clear that Amarjit Singh was helping


-   Bachittar Singh. But why should PW-3 depose falsely against Amarjit Singh
    with whom he or his brother-in-law, deceased Sukhwant Singh had no dispute
    or enmity. The fact that it has come in the evidence of the prosecution
    witness that the accused Amarjit Singh was an anny personnel and knew the         D
    handling of rifle would clearly indicate that he was a hired killer. We are,
    therefore, clearly of the view that the testimony of Joginder Singh, PW-3, is
    quite natural and trustwonhy. We have no reason to take a view contrary to
    the view taken by the trial coun and the High Coun in this respect.

          Dr. Charanj it Singh, PW• I conducted Post M01tem of the deceased
                                                                                      E
    Sukhwant Singh and his family. Dr. Rachpal Singh, PW-2 conducted Post
    Monem of the deceased Sukhwant Singh and his family. The High Coun, in
    its impugned judgment, noted the injuries sustained by the deceased, as found
    in the Post Monem reports by the two doctors as under:
                                                                                      F
           " ....... P.W-1 Dr. Charanjit Singh, who had conducted the post-mortem
           examination on the dead bodies ofGurjit Kaur, daughter ofSukhwant
           Singh deceased, and had found four gun shot injuries thereon (two of
           entry and two of exit). Gogi, Sukhwant Singh's second daughter with
           two gun shot injuries thereon, Piar Kaur, his wife with three gun shot
           injuries (two of entry and one of exit) and Sukhwant Singh himself G
           with two gun shot injuries (one of entry and the other of exit); PW-
           2 Dr. Rachpal Singh, who had conducted the post-monem examination
           on the dead bodies of Bhupinder Singh and observed two gun shot
           injuries (one of entry and the other of exist), his son, Harjinder Singh,
           with two gun shot injuries (one of entry and the other of exit); another H
    632                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A           son, Devinder Singh. with two gun shot injuries (one of entry and the
            other of exit); and his wife, Joginder Kaur, with three gun shot injuries
            (two of entry and one of exit).''

           Learned counsel for the appellants strenuously urged that the injuries
    sust_ained by the deceased, as brought out in the evidence of PW-1 Dr. Charanjit
B   Singh and PW-2 Dr. Rachhpal Singh, would clearly show that such injuries
    in quick succession could not have been caused by .303 bolt action rifle
    which require deliberate bolted action after firing every shot. Counsel suggested
    that possibly it is the handiwork of some terrorists using high velocity Rifle
    like AK 47 serials. This submission is mis-conceived. It is nobody's case that
C   the crime had been committed in a fixed pa11icular time frame.As it is apparent
    from the evidence of the witnesses on record, the entire incident had taken
    place inside the room. Nobody had seen what had happened inside the room.
    As to how the deceased were killed and in what manner and fashion, nobody
    had seen, so also the time taken in the commission of the crime. But from
    the evidence of PW-1 and PW-2, it is clear that the deceased sustained gun
                                                                                        -
D   shot injuries. At the same time, no evidence to show that the deceased had
    threat perception from the terrorists. On the other hand Bachittar Singh, due
    to threat perception from the terrorists, had been given .303 calibre bolt
    action rifle No. 709467 for his personal security. This has been proved by
     PW-23 Balkar Singh. It is also not disputed that .12 bore DBBL gun bearing
E   No. 15354-88 belonged to accused Bachittar Singh.

          Counsel for the appellants also contended that the empty cartridges,
    proved by Forensic Science Laboratory, said to have been fired from the said
    .303 rifle and .12 DBBL bore gun, are planted by the prosecution after the
    gun in question had been seized by the police. This contention is belied by
F   the inquest report conducted by PW-22 ASI Surinder Mohan (Ex. P.J.). From
    the inquest report, prepared by PW-22, it clearly appeared that the report was
    prepared on 19.4.1994 at 6.30 A.M. In clause 23 of the report, it is apparent
    that two empties of 3 x 3 bore gun were found near the dead body. In Ex.
    P.N./5 (inquest report), four empty cartridges of 3 x 3 pukki gun were found
    near the dead body. The theory of planting of empty cartridges by the
G    prosecution is, therefore, belied by the inquest report.

        The eye-witness account of PW-3 Joginder Singh has been corroborated
  with material particulars by the proved recovery and seizure memos. It is in
  the evidence of the prosecution that on 19.4.1994, one Thatha of black colour
H was recovered from the spot vide recovery memo Ex. PMM. The arrest of
       BACHHITAR SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB [H.K. SEMA, J.]                 633

Bachittar Singh led to the disclosure statement and recovery of black coloured A
turban was made. Both the sides of turban were found cut. The recovered
turban was taken into possession vide memo Ex. PAAA/l and his disclosure
statement is Ex.PAAA/10. Accused - Amarjit Singh was also arrested on
24.4.1994 and on his personal search one thatha of black colour was recovered.
The turban, thatha of black colour, recovered from the spot was sent to the B
laboratory and as per the report Ex. PNNN of the Forensic Science Laboratory,
both that has - one recovered from the spot and the other on the personal
search of accused Amarjit Singh, were similar to the cloth of the turban
recovered in pursuance of the disclosure statement of Bachittar Singh. One
empty of .12 bore gun was recovered from the spot on 19.4.1994 at 6.30
A.M. by AS! - Surinder Mohan. Three empties, three live cartridges and one C
DBBL gun No. 15354 were recovered in pursuance of the disclosure statement
of Bachittar Singh. Recovered gun and the empties were sent to the Forensic
Science Laboratory, Chandigarh. Vide report Ex. PVVV, two cartridges were
found to be fired from the right barrel seized DBBL gun. The other two
cartridges were found to be fired from the left barrel. It is not disputed that
Bachittar Singh is the owner of the licenced gun. Licence of the gun had also D
been recovered vide memo Ex. PFF. Six emp~ies of .303 bore rifle, recovered
on 19.4.1994, were sent along with rifle No. 709467 to Forensic Science
Laboratory, Chandigarh. Vide report Ex. PRRR of the Forensic Science
Laboratory, empties were found fired from .303 bore rifle No. 709467.As
already noticed, this rifle was provided to the accused - Bachittar Singh for E
his personal safety because of threat perception from terrorists, as proved by
PW-23 Inspector Balkar Singh. The same rifle was used by the accused -
Amarjit Singh.

      One Jutti (shoe) was recovered from the scene of crime on 19.4.1994
at 6.30 A.M. As per the disclosure statement of accused-Amarjit Singh,           F
second Jutti was also recovered. Both these Jutties were sent to Forensic
Science Laboratory. Vide report Ex. PQQQ, Forensic Science Laboratory
opined that one Jutti is tallying with the other.

       'Man proposes, God disposes', is exactly what has happened here.
What the accused thought that they were committing hidden crime without          G
realising that they had left behind the clinching evidence against themselves.

      Accused - Bachittar Singh in his report, as noticed above, had stated
that on the fateful day he went to irrigate his field at night and came back
at 3 A.M. when he received information from his wife thai there was firing H
    634                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A in the village but he ignored the same. He also stated. that his cousin Pipal
    Singh, who was residing in the same Haveli, had come at 6 A.M. and informed
    him that at about 1 A.M. two unidentified persons had murdered the families
    of Sukhwant Singh and Bhupinder Singh. It is significantly enough to note
    that the accused - Bachitter Singh never examined ar.y witness to show that
B   he had gone to the field to irrigate his land and came back at 3 A.M. He did
    not examine his wife, his mother (according to the prosecution story mother
    is still alive), nor anybody to prove his alibi.

        Believing the eye-witness account of Joginder Singh, coupled with other
  formidable materials on record, as discussed above, we are clearly of the
C view that the guilt of the accused has been established beyond the shadow of
  doubt, as held by the trial court and confirmed by the High Court.

         This takes us to consider the death penalty awarded by the trial court
  and confirmed by the High Court. It is contended by the learned counsel for        •
  the appellants that the case does not fall within the category of "rarest of
D rare" which would invite capital punishment. On a perusal of the evidence
  and materials on record, we find that apart from the solitary incident in
  question, there is no evidence on record either oral or documentary, which
  would suggest about the mis-conduct of the appellants in the past. There is
  also no evidence on record to suggest that the appellants would be a menace
  and threat to the harmonious and peaceful co-existence of the society. In a
E case, what appears to be similar with the present one, Prakash Dhawal
  Khairnar (Patil) v. State of Maharashtra, [2002] 2 SCC 35 the accused had
  done to death his own brother, brother's wife and children out of land dispute.
  This Court held that no doubt the crime was heinous and brutal but at the
  same time it will be difficult to hold that it is rarest of rare case. The Court
F was also of the view that it would be difficult to hold that the appellant is a
  menace to the society and there is no reason to believe that he cannot be
  reformed or rehabilitated and that he is likely to continue the criminal acts
  of violence as would constitute a continued threat to the society. The same
  principle has been followed by this Court in Ram Anup Singh & Ors. v. State
  of Bihar, JT (2002) 5 621. In the case at hand also, we are of the view that
G having regard to the absence of evideace to the contrary that the appellants
  are a menace to the society threatening the peaceful and harmonious co-
  existence of the society and they <.re likely to be a continuous threat to the
   society if once they come out of incarceration, no doubt the crime was
   committed in a heinous and brutal manner but viewed from the facts and
H circumstances, as noticed above, it would be difficult to hold that the case
         BACHHITAR SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB [H.K. SEMA, J.]                635

falls within the category of "rarest of rare". At the same time, there is no A
reason to believe that they cannot be reformed or rehabilitated. Viewed from
the aforesaid perspective, we are of the opinion that the appellants must be
given a chance to repent that what they have done is neither approved by the
Jaw or by the society and be reformed or rehabilitated and become good and
law abiding citizens.
                                                                                   B
      In the facts and circumstances of the case, as stated above, we would
think that sentencing them to rigorous imprisonment for life would meet the
ends of justice.

      We, therefore, set aside the death sentence awarded by the trial court
and confirmed by the High Court and instead award punishment of sentence           C
to suffer rigorous imprisonment for life.

      In the result, the conviction of the appellants is upheld but the sentence
of death awarded to the appellants is set aside. Instead, they are sentenced to
undergo imprisonment for life.                                                     D
      With this modification in sentence, the appeals are disposed of.

S.K.S.                                                   Appeals disposed of.