ASRAF ALLIversusM/S. NAVEEN HOTELS LTD. & ANR.

                        [2008] 17 S.C.R. 1493


                            ASRAF ALLI                              A
                                  v.
               MIS. NAVEEN HOTELS LTD. & ANR.
                 (Civil Appeal No. 7430 of 2008)
                       DECEMBER 19, 2008
                                                                    B
            [S.8. SINHA AND CYRIAC JOSEPH, JJ.]

          Motor Vehicles Act, 1988: Permanent disability -
     Claimant aged 15 years - Amputation of his left lower limb ~
     Tribunal awarded compensation by taking his monthly income     c
     at Rs. 3000 and multiplier of 18 - High Court reduced
    compensation amount by taking annual notional income at
    Rs. 15000 - On appeal by claimant, Held: On applying Second
     Schedule appended to the Act, correct multiplier would be 15
    and not 18- Item (19) of Part II of Schedule I of the Workm~n
    Compensation Act, 1923 provides that amputation below           D
    middle thigh to 8. 89 ems. below knee is deemed to result in
    permanent partial disablement of 60% - Hence, 'percentage
    of loss of earning capacity should be treated as 60% of the
t
    monthly income instead of 70% as treated by the Tribunal -
    Tribunal's finding that monthly income of claimant was          E
    Rs.3000 upheld - In that view of the matter, total amount of
    compensation payable under the head loss of future earning
    capacity would be Rs. 3, 24, 0001-, the annual income being
    Rs.21,6001- and the multiplier being 15 - Workn)en
    Compensation Act, 1923 - Schedule I -of Part II - Item (19)     F
    - Workmen Compensation Act, 1923- Schedule I- Part I/-
    Item (19).
         Appellant-claimant was aged 15 years when he met
    with an accident. He sustained serious injuries and
    suffered permanent disability to the extent of 70% of his       G
    left lower limb which had to be amputated. Before
    Tribunal, several witnesses were examined to prove that
    the appellant was running a poultry farm independently
    and earning Rs.5000 p.m. Tribunal awatded
                                1493
         1494     SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2008] 17 S.C.R.


      A compensation of Rs.4.53 lacs by considering his monthly
         earnings at Rs.3000, loss of earning at 70% of Rs.3000,
         and multiplier as 18. The High Court reduced the
         compensation amount stating that tribunal erred in
         taking notional income at Rs.3000 and ought to have
      8 taken notional income at Rs.15000 per annum and based
         on such figure awarded Rs.67500/-. Hence the present
         appeal.
             Partly allowing the appeal, the Court
             HELD: 1. It is not in dispute that in the accident,
      C appellant suffered grievous injuries. PW3, Doctor, in his
         evidence stated that appellant had been walking with the
         help of crutches and his left lower limb had been
         amputated below knee with 3" stump but there was an
         old scar on right heel and it was on that basis the
      0  disability  of the appellant was calculated at 70% in
         respect of lower limb.Appellant was admitted as an
         indoor patient on 25.9.1998 and was discharged on
         26.10.1998. The Tribunal held that the income of the
        appellant was Rs.3,000/- per month not on a notional
         basis but on actual basis. The High Court, in exercise of
      E its jurisdiction under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicles
         Act either could have affirmed the said finding or reversed
         the same but for the said purpose it was required to
         consider the merit of the matter. The High Court, has
         proceeded on a wrong premise that the Tribunal had
      F fixed the income of the appellant at Rs.3,000/- per month
         on a notional basis. However, if the Second Schedule
        appended to the Act is to be applied, the correct multiplier
        in the case of the appellant, he being aged about 15
        years, was 15 and not 18. [Paras 7, 9. and 10] [1497-E-F;
    · G 1498-D-H; 1499-A]
             2. Item (19) of Part II of Schedule I of the Workmen's
        Compensation Act, 1923 provides that amputation below
        middle thigh to 8.89 ems. below knee is deemed to result
        in permanent partial disablement of 60%. Hence, the
      H 'percentage of loss of earning capacity' should be treated



-
           ASRAF ALLI v. MIS. NAVEEN HOTELS LTD. & ANR.           1495


        as 60% of the monthly income instead of 70% as treat~d            A
        by the Tribunal. In that view of the matter, the total amount
    ~
        of compensation payable to the appellant under the head
        'loss of future earning capacity' would be Rs.3,24,000/-,
        the annual income being Rs.21,600/- and the multiplier
        being 15. [Para 11] [1499-A-C]                                    B
            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.
        7430 of 2008.

,,          From the final Judgment and Order dated 12.7.2006 of the
        High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in M.F.A. No. 3781 e;>f
    *   1999 (MV)].                                                       c
             Kiran Suri for the Appellant.
             A.K. Raina and Anil Kumar Jha for the Respondents.
             The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
             S.B. SINHA, J. 1. Leave granted.                             D
             2. The claimant before the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal
        (for short "the Tribunal" ) is before us aggrieved by and
        dissatisfied with a judgment and order dated 12.7.2006 passe~
        by the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore whereby and
        whereunder it allowed an appeal preferred by Respondent           E
        No.2, Insurance Company, in part, reducing the amount of
        compensation towards loss of future earning from Rs.4,53,600/
        - to Rs.67,500/-.
              3. Appellant was aged 15 years when he met with ari
        accident on 14.9.1998 as a result whereof he sustained serious    F
        injuries and suffered permanent disability to the extent of 70%
    ~   of his left lower limb which had to be amputated.
'
            Before the Tribunal, several witnesses, namely, PW1 to
        PWS were examined to prove that at the material time, appellant
        had been running a poultry farm independently. A large number     G
        of documents being Exhibit P.1 to Exhibit P.16 were also
        brought on record.

-:~         The learned Judge of the Tribunal, relying on or on the
        basis of the said materials brought on record by the appellant,
                                                                          H
    1496        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2008] 17 S.C.R.


A held:
      ''Thus, it is evident from the oral evidence of PW3, coupled
      with documentary evidence that the petitioner by virtue of
      accident, has suffered permanent physical disability
      amounting to 70% on account of amputation of his left
      lower limb. PW2 Fakruddin Nadaf, Proprietor of poultry
B
      farm has stated in his evidence that the petitioner has
      undergone training to run poultry farm as his assistant.
      Exh.P-8 certificate issued by him, further speaks that
      petitioner is capable of running poultry farm independently.
      Eh.P-20 are the vouchers in favour of the petitioner for           ••
c     having purchased the birds from time to time and the
      feeds purchased thereunder. Thus, from the evidence of
      PW2, coupled with Exh.P-8 to P-10, it is evident that the
      petitioner was running poultry farm. According to the
      petitioner he was earning Rs.5000-00 per month. Taking
D     into consideration the age, date of accident and the
      avocation undertaken by the petitioner, I consider his
      monthly earnings at Rs.3,000/- as against Rs.5,000/-
      claimed by the petitioner. Since the disability suffered by
      the petitioner is 70% on account of amputation of left
E     lower limb, loss of earnings per month will be Rs.3000 x
      70/100 = Rs.2100/- and for 12 months it will be Rs.2100
      x 12      =
                Rs.25,200/-. Since the petitioner was aged 15 _
      years, the proper multiplier as reported in ILR 1996 Kar.
      on page No.2127 will be 18. Hence, Rs.25,200/- x 18           =
      Rs.4,53,600/- and that will be net loss of earnings and I
F     award that amount for the same."
       4. An appeal was preferred thereagainst by the owner of
  the vehicle, i.e., Respondent No.1 and Respondent No.2 jointly.
                                                                          I   •
  Later on, however, the Respondent No.1 was relegated to the
G position of the respondent in the said appeal.
         The High Court, by reason of the impugned judgment,
    reduced the amount of compensation under the head 'loss of
    future income', stating :
                                                                          .·-
           "By taking note of the aforesaid judgment of this Court and
H          the submission of the learned counsel for the insured in
                ASRAF ALLI v. MIS. NAVEEN HOTELS LTD. & ANR.                  1497
                                [S.S. SINHA, J.]

                  so far as the "loss of future earning capacity" is concerned,       ,A
                  the Tribunal could not have taken the notional income at
                  Rs.3,000/-, but it should have been taken at Rs.15,000/-
                  per annum and based on such figure, if we work out, the
                  "loss of future earning capacity" comes to Rs.67,500/- and
                  this we substitute in the place of Rs.4,53,600/-."
                                                                                      B
                   5. Ms. Kiran Suri, learned counsel appearing for the
             appellant, would contend that the High Court ignored the fact
             that the appellant, although minor at the relevant time, had been
    ,..      running a poultry farm and as his monthly income could be
             assessed by the Tribunal at Rs.3,000/- per month and, thus, the
        .f
             High Court committed a serious error in computing the same
                                                                                      c
             at Rs.15,000/- per annum. It was urged that the loss of future
             earning capacity has wrongly been calculated at Rs.67,500/-
             and even on the said basis the amount of compensation should
             have been calculated at Rs.1,80,000/-.
                                                                                      D
                 6. Mr. AK. Raina, learned counsel appearing on behalf of
             Respondent No.1, however, would submit that appellant being
--,          a minor, the High Court has rightly refused to hold that he has
             been able to establish that his income at Rs.3,000/- per month.
                  7. The fact that an accident had taken place on 14.9.1998
                                                                                      E
             is not in dispute. It is also not in dispute that in the said accident
             appellant had suffered grievous injuries.
                   PW3, Dr. Basavaraj Dodamani, in his evidence stated that
             appellant had been walking with the help of crutches and his
             left lower limb had been amputated below knee with 3" stump
                                                                                      F
             but there was an old scar on right heel and it was on that basis
/   )
             the disability of the appellant was calculated at 70% in respect
             of lower limb.
                  8. In computing the amount of compensation, the court may
             in a given case take the benefit of the structured formula as
                                                                                      G
             envisaged in the table appended to the Second Schedule of
             the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Note 5 whereof reads as under
    "\
                  "5. Disability in non-fatal accidents :
                                                                                      H
    1498         SUPREME COURT REPORTS            . [2008] 17 S.C.R.


A       The following compensation shall be payable in case of
        disability to the victim arising out of non-fatal accidents:
        Loss of income, if any, for actual period of disablement not
        exceeding fifty two weeks.
         PLUS either of the following:-
B
           (a)    In case of permanent total disablement the amount
                  payable shall be arrived at by multiplying the annual
                  loss of income by the Multiplier applicable to the
                  age on the date of determining the compensation,
                  or
c          (b)    In case of permanent partial disablement such
                  percentage of compensation which would have
                  been payable in the case of permanent total
                  disablement as specified under item (a) above.
D       Injuries deemed to result in Permanent Total Disablement/
    Permanent Partial Disablement and percentage of loss of
    earning capacity shall be as per Schedule I under Workmen's
    Compensation Act, 1923."
        9. Appellant was admitted as an indoor patient on
E 25.9.1998 and was discharged on 26.10.1998. If the principle
  akin to the Second Schedule appended to the 1988 Act is to
  be applied, the learned Tribunal must be held to have applied
  the same correctly. The High Court has not assigned any reason
  in support of its judgment. It did not enter into the correctness
  of the the findings of fact arrived at by the Tribunal in regard to
F the income of the deceased. The Tribunal held that the income
  of the appellant was Rs.3,000/- per month not on a notional
  basis but on actual basis. The High Court, in exercise of its
  jurisdiction under Section 173 of the Act either could have
  affirmed the said finding or reversed the same but for the said
G purpose it was required to consider the merit of the matter. The
  High Court, in our opinion, has proceeded on a wrong premise
  that the Tribunal had fixed the income of the appellant at
  Rs.3,000/- per month on a notional basis.
       10. However, if the Second Schedule appended to the Act
H is to be applied, the correct multiplier in the case of the
    ASRAF ALLI v. MIS. NAVEEN HOTELS LTD. & ANR.            1499
                    [S.S. SINHA, J.]

 appellant, he being aged about 15 years, was 15 and not 18.         A
       11. Item (19) of Part II of Schedule I of the Workmen's
  Compensation Act, 1923 provides for list of injuries, deemed
· to result in permanent partial disablement, which reads, thus :
        "(19) Amputation below middle thigh to 8.89 ems. below
              knee60%"                                               B
      Hence, the 'percentage of loss of earning capacity' should
 be treated as 60% of the monthly income instead of 70% as
 treated by the Tribunal.
      In that view of the matter, the total amount of compensation   C
 payable to the appellant untj.er the head 'loss of future earning
 capacity' would be Rs.3,24,000/- (Rupees three lac twenty four
 thousand only), the annual income being Rs.21,600/- and the
 multiplier being 15.
      12. The appeal is allowed to the aforementioned extent.
                                                                     0
 In the facts and circumstances of the case, however, there shall
 be no order as to costs.
 D.G.                                     Appeal partly allowed.