Holding

A defect in the copy of the affidavit, if remedied before the hearing, does not defeat the maintainability of an election petition; substantial compliance with Section 81(3) and Section 83(1)(c) is sufficient.

Summary

The appellant, Anil R. Deshmukh, filed an election petition challenging the election of Onkar N. Wagh to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, alleging corrupt practices. The petition required an affidavit under the proviso to Section 83(1)(c) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The initial copy of the affidavit served on the respondent lacked the notarial endorsement, seal, or stamp, leading the respondent to raise a preliminary objection under Section 81(3) and Section 83(1). Before the High Court heard the objection, a true copy of the affidavit with the required endorsement was served on the respondent and his counsel. The Bombay High Court dismissed the petition on the ground of non‑compliance, but the Supreme Court held that the subsequent service of a true copy amounted to substantial compliance, and the defect was not fatal to maintainability. Consequently, the election petition was restored for trial. The Court allowed the appeal, set aside the High Court order, and directed the petition to be decided on its merits.

Issues considered

Whether the affidavit filed under the proviso to Section 83(1)(c) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, lacking the notarial endorsement, violates Section 81(3) and renders the election petition non‑maintainable.
Whether the service of a true copy of the petition and affidavit after the preliminary objection but before hearing satisfies the requirements of Section 81(3) and Rule 94‑A of the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961.

Legislation cited

Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961s. Rule 94-A
Representation of the People Act, 1951s. 81, s. 82, s. 83(1)(c), s. 86(1)

Subjects

election petitionRepresentation of the People Actaffidavittrue copySection 81(3)Section 83(1)(c)preliminary objectionsubstantial compliancecorrupt practices

Judgment

A ANIL R. DESHMUKH -+-•
v.
ONKAR N. WAGH AND ORS.

JANUARY 21, 1999

B [DR. A.S. ANAND, CJI., M. SRINIVASAN AND R.P. SETHI, JJ.]
-1

Electio11 Law :

Representation of the People Act, 1951: Sections 81, 82, 83(1)(c) and
c 86(1).
Electi 011 petition-Maintainability o~Affidavit-Copy-Serving
of-Defect ilt-<:urability of-Affidavit in support of allegations of corrnpt
practices filed along with petition-However, only a trne copy of the original
affidavit 11ot be01ing the notarial endorsement or seal or stamp of attesting
D officer served on the retumed candidate-But before hearing of the preliminary '
objection regarding non-supply of original affidavit, a tlUe copy of the affidavit "'-
containing endorsement of verification etc. served on the retumed candidate
a11d his counsel-Held : Jn the circumstances of the case, there is sufficient
compliance with Ss. 81(3) a11d 83(J)(c) since the tme copy of the affidavit is
served before hearing of the petition-There/ore, even assuming that the copies
E
served in the first instance to be not in conjonnity with the provisions of the
Act, still the election petition is maintainable-Conduct of Elections Rules,
1961, R. 94-A.

Respondent No. 1 was declared elected to the State Legislative
F Assembly. The appellant filed an election petition before the High Court ,.-
fm· declaring the election to be void and illegal and for declaring the -}>

·appellant as duly elected. The petition contained allegations of corrupt
practices as against respondent No. 1. An affidavit was filed in support of
the said allegation as required by the proviso to Section 83(l)(c) of the
Representation of the People Act, 1951. However, only a true copy of the
G original affidavit not bearing the notarial endorsement or seal or stamp
~
of the attesting officer was served no respondent No. 1 along with a copy ·-.,r
of the petition.

Respondent No. 1 raised a preliminary objection that the election
H petition should be dismissed in limine for non- compliance of Section 83(1)
188
ANILR.DESHMUKHv. ONKARN.WAGH 189
..+ of the Act since the copy of the affidavit served on respondent No. 1 was A
not the true copy of the affidavit. However, subsequently but before the
hearing of the preliminary objection, a true copy of the affidavit containing
the endorsement of verification etc. was served on respondent No. 1. The
High Court dismissed the election petition on preliminary issues without
trial. Hence this appeal.
B
Allowing the appeal, this Court

HELD : 1. Even before arguments were heard on the preliminary
objection by the High Court in this case, the true copies of the affidavits
had been served on respondent No. 1 and his counsel. In the facts and
circumstances of this case, there is no doubt that there was sufficient
c
compliance of the provisions of Section 81(3) read with Section 83(1)(c) of
the Representation of the People Act, 1951 even if it could be said that the
copies served in the first instance on respondent No. 1 were not in
conformity with the provisions of the Act. Hence the election petition is
, maintainable. [197-B-C] \ D
~
Murarka Radheshyam Ram Kumar v. Roop Singh Rathore, [1964) 3
SCR 573 and Ch. Subbarao v. Member, Election Tribunal, Hyderabad,
[1964) 6 SCR 213, followed.

Kamalam (M) v. Dr. VA. Syed Mohammad, [1978) 3 SCR 446 and E
FA. Sapa v. Singora, [1991) 3 SCC 375, relied on.

Dr. (Smt.) Shipra v. Shanti Lal, [1996) 5 SCC 181, held inapplicable.

Purnshottam v. Returning Officer, Amravati, AIR (1992) Born 227,
" referred to. F
-I
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1731 of
1997.

From the Judgment and Order dated 1.11.96 of the Bombay High
Court in E.P. No. 3 of 1995. G
.. ~· A.M. Khanwilkar and Ms. V.D. Khanna for the Appellant.

Prashant Kumar for the Respondent No. 7.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by H
190 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999] 1 S.C.R.

A SRINIVASAN, J. The appellant is aggrieved by the dismissal of his -t-·
election petition No. 3/95 by the Bench at Aurangabad of the High Court
of Bombay on preliminary issues without trial.

2. The first respondent was declared elected at the election to the
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly held on 9.2.95 for 96 Pachora Con-
B stituency. The· appellant filed the petition for declaring the election to be
~
void and illegal and for declaring him as duly elected. In view of the limited
scope of this appeal, it is unnecessary to refer to the allegations made in
the said petition. Suffice it to mention that the petition contained allega-
tions of certain corrupt practices as against the first respondent. An
c affidavit was filed along with the petition as required by the proviso to S.
83(1)(c) of the Representation of the People Act (for short, the Act). The
affidavit was attested and the endorsement of attestation contained the
particulars as required by law.

3. When the copies of the petition, documents and the affidavit were
D served on the respondents, the copy of the affidavit did not bear the
endorsement of attestation found on the original or the seal or stamp of
the attesting officer. The appellant signed below the rubber stamp endor-
..
sement "Attested as true copy". But for the absence of the notarial end or-
sement, it was a true copy of the original as it was a xerox copy. The first
E respondent and the tenth respondent raised objections that the election
petition should be dismissed in limine as the provisions of S. 83(1) of the
Act were not complied with. Besides the contention that the copies of the
1
affidavit served on them were not true copies, the tenth respondent con-
tended that a true copy of the petition was not supplied to him as required
by S. 81(3). The first respondent filed a separate application for dismissing
F "
the election petition for non-compliance with S. 81(3) of the Act. ;.

· 4. Issues 8 and 9 based on the said objections were as follows :

Issue No. 8
G
"Whether the affidavit filed by the petitioner under provisions '1'
.
of the Proviso to S. 83(1) of the Representation of People Act,
1951 read with Rule 94-A of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961
is not in conformity with the provisions and if yes, what is its
H effect?"
ANIL R. DESHMUKH v. ONKAR N. WAGH [SRINIVASAN, J.] 191
' Issue No. 9 A
.......
"Whether the true copy of the petition is properly served on
m
the respondent compliance with the rules?"

5; The two issues were treated as preliminary issues and the High
Court heard arguments on the same before the commencement of the trial. B
The Court found against the contention that true copy of the petition was
not supplied. But the objection that the copy of the affidavit supplied was
not a true copy in as much as it did not contain the endorsement of
attestation was upheld .. The High Court held that the defect was fatal to
the election petition and dismissed the same for non-compliance of S. 83(1)
read with Section 81 of the Act. For coming to the said conclusion the High
c
Court relied on a previous judgment of the Court in Purushottam v.
Retuming Officer, Amravati, AIR· (1992) Bombay 227 which was approved
by this Court in Dr. (Smt.) Shipra v. Shanti Lal, (1996) 5 S.C.C. 181.

6. The appellant has contended that the endorsement of verification D·
_, and stamp and seal of the attesting officer on the copy of the affidavit
..le supplied to the first respondent do not form part of the election petition
and the absence of such endorsement etc. will not make the copy any the
less true copy of the election petition. Consequently, according to him the
provisions of Section 81(3) were fully complied with and at any rate there
was substantial compliance of the said provisions. It is further contended E
that long before 21.9 .1996 when the preliminary objection was heard by the
Court, true copies of the affidavit containing the endorsement of verifica-
tion etc. was served on the first respondent as well as his counsel on 24.
7.1996. The covering letters accompanying the said copies are found on the
_. file ofthe High Court at pages 74 and 77 of Part D. The postal receipt and F
acknowledgment signed by the first respondent are found at pages 75 and
....
76. According to learned counsel, the decision in Dr. (Smt.) Shipra's case
. runs counter to the decisions rendered by the Constitution Bench in
Murarka Radheshyam Ram Kumar v. Roop Singh Rathore & Others, (1964)
3 S.C.R. 573 and Ch. Subbarao v. Member, Election Tribunal, Hyderabad,
(1964) 6 S.C.R. 213. It is therefore contended by the learned counsel that
G
the order of the High Court dismissing the election petition without trial
is erroneous and requires to be set aside.

7. Though the respondents have been served with notices in the
appeal, none of them except the 7th respondent has entered appearance. H
192 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999) 1 S.C.R.
'
A The said 7th respondent is not contesting the claim of the appellant and r-
his counsel did not advance any argument.

8. Section 86(1) of the Act provides that the High Court shall dismiss
an election petition which does not comply with the provisions of Sections
81, 82 or 117, Section 81 deals with the presentation of petitions. It is not
B the case of the respondent that there is any defect in presentation of the
election petition as prescribed by sub-section (1) of Section 81. Their
contention is that sub-s. (3) of Section 81 has not been complied with in
this case. The said sub-( s) 3 reacl as follows :

c "Every election petition shall be accompanied by as many
copies thereof as there are respondents mentioned in the petition
and every such copy shall be attested by the petitioner under his
own signature to be a true copy of the petition."

Section 82 sets out the parties who shall be joined as respondents to
D a petition. Section 83 deals with the contents of a petition. The Section ...
requires an election petition to contain a concise statement of the material ;JI._

facts on which the petitioner relies and to set forth full particulars of any
corrupt practice alleged by the petitioner. The petition is also required to
be signed by the petitioner and verified in the manner laid down in the
E Code of Civil Procedure for the verification of the pleadings. Proviso to
sub-s. (1)( ~) states that where the petitioner alleges any corrupt practice,
the petition shall also be accompanied by an affidavit in the prescribed
form in support of the allegations of such corrupt practice and· the
particulars thereof. According to the respondents, the petition having
contained allegations of corrupt practices, the affidavit accompanying the
F y

.same forms part of the petition and as there is ~ defect in the copy of the
affidavit supplied to the respondent, it is not a true copy and there was
..
thus non-compliance of sub-s. (3) of Section 81 read with the proviso to
Section 83(1)(c). It was that argument which found favour with the High
Court.
G
9. In Murarka Radheshyam Ram Kumar v. Roop Singh Rathore and
Others, [1964] 3 S.C.R. 573, a Constitution Bench of this Court held that
the word "copy" in Section 81(3) of the Act did not mean an absolutely
exact copy but a copy so true that nobody could by any possibility
H misunderstand it and that the test whether a copy was a true one was
\
ANILR. DESHMUKHv. ONKAR N. WAGH [SRINIVASAN, J.] 193

........ whether any variation from the original was calculated to mislead an A
ordinary person. It was also held that a defect in the verification of an
election petition as required by Section 83(1)(c) was not fatal to the
maintainability of the petition and that a defect in the affidavit was not a
sufficient ground for dismissal of the petition. In that case there was a
defect in the verification of the original affidavit itself. The Election
Tribunal held that the defect was due to inexperience of the Oath Com-
B
~
missioner and it was not a sufficient ground for dismissal of the petition
summarily. It was also observed by the Election Tribunal that an affidavit
as required by law can be allowed to be filed at a later stage also. That
view of the Election Tribunal was affirmed by the High Court. The Con-
-
stitution Bench agreed with the view expressed by the Election Tribunal as c
affirmed by the High Court and observed that the defect in the verification
due to inexperience of the Oath Commissioner was not a fatal defect as to ·
require dismissal of the election petition. As regards copies supplied to the
respondents in the petition, the contention was that they were. not true
copies as they did not contain the signatures of the petitioner below the
D
-· A
word 'petitioner'.

10. Rejecting the said contention the Bench observed :

"When every page of the copy served on the appellant was
attested to be a true copy under the signature of the petitioner, a E
fresh signature below the word "petitioner" was not necessary.
Sub-s. (3) of S. 81 requires that the copy shall be attested by the
petitioner under his own signature and this was done. As to the
second defect the question really turns on the true scope and effect
of the word "copy'' occurring in sub-s. (3) of S. 81. On behalf of F
""""' .... the appellant the argument is that sub-s. (3) of S. 81 being man-
datory in nature all the requirements of the sub-section must be
--. strictly complied with and the word "copy" must be taken to be an
absolutely exact transcript of the original. On behalf of the respon-
dents the contention is that the word "copy" means that which
comes so near to the original as to give to every person seeing it G
the idea created by the original, alternatively, the argument is that
the last part of sub-s. (3) dealing with a copy is merely directive,.
and for this reliance is placed on the decision of this court in
Kamaraja Nadar v. Kunju 171evar. We are of the view that the word
"copy" in sub-s. (3) of S. 81 does not mean an absolutely exact copy, H
I,._
194 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] 1 S.C.R.

A but .means that the copy shall be so true that nobody can by any
possibility misunderstand it (see Stroud's Judicial Dictionary, third
edition, volume 4, page 3098). In this view of the matter it is
unnecessary to go into the further question whether any part of
sub-s. (3) of the S. 81 is merely directory".
'
B After referring to the English decisions on the meaning of the word "copy",
the Bench said :

"Having regard to the pnvisions of part VI of the Act, we are
of the view that the word "copy'' does not mean an absolutely exact
copy. It means a copy so true that nobody can by any possibility
c .misunderstand it. The test whether the copy is a true one is whether
any variation from the original is calculated to mislead an ordinary
person. Applying that test we have come to the conclusion that the
defect complained of with regard to Election Petition No. 269 of
1962 were not such as to mislead the appellant; therefore there
was no failure to comply with the last part of sub-s. (3) of S. 81 In
D
that view of the matter sub-s. (3) of S. 90 was not attracted and . ~

there was no question of dismissing the election petition under that >.
sub-section by reason of any failure to comply with the provisions 'I-
of S. 81". .__
'
E 11. In Ch. Subbarao v. Member, Election Tribunal, Hyderabad, [1964]
6 S.C.R. 213 another Constitution Bench held that the expression "copy" in
Section 81(3) did not mean an exact copy but only one so true that nobody
by any possibility misunderstands it not being the same as the original. It
was further held that only if there was a total or complete non- compliance
with the provisions of Section 81(3), the election petition might not be an
F election petition presented in accordance with the provisions of that part
of the Act. The Bench referred to Murarka Radhey Shyam Ram Kumar and
ruled that substantial compliance with Section 81(3) was sufficient.

12. In Kama/am (M) v. Dr. VA. Syed Mohamad, [1978] 3 S.C.R. 446,
G a Bench of two Judges held that copy of the election petition required to
be filed under sub-s. (3) of Section 81 would on a fair reading of that
provision along with Section 83 include a copy of the affidavit filed under
the proviso to Section 83(1)(c). In that case, the signature of the petitioner
was not appended to the copy of the election petition proper but it was
placed only at the foot of the copy of the affidavit. The Bench held that it
H was sufficient compliance with the requirements of Section 81(3) of the
ANIL R. DESHMUKH v. ONKAR N. WAGH [SRINIVASAN, .T.J 195

Act. A
13. In FA. Sapa and Others Etc. Etc. v. Singora and Others Etc. Etc.,
[1991] 3 S.C.C. 375 a Bench of three Judges held that a defect in the
verification if any can be cured and mere defect in the verification of the
election petition is not fatal to the maintainability of the petition and it
cannot be thrown out solely on that ground. The Bench referred to Section B
86(1) and pointed out that Section 83 is not one of the three provisions
mentioned in that Section and ordinarily it cannot be construed as man-
datory unless it is shown to be an integral part of the petition under Section
81. It was further held that the defect in the affidavit in the prescribed form
25 can be cured unless the affidavit forms integral part of the petition in C
which case, the defect concerning material facts will have to be dealt with
subject to limitation under Section 81(3).

14. In Purnshottam v. Retuming Officer, Amravati, AIR (1992) Bom-
bay 227, a Single Judge of the Bombay High Court held that the absence
of endorsement of the Notary on a copy of the affidavit accompanying D
election petition rendered the copy as not conforming to the requirements
of Section 81(3) of the Act and therefore the petition was liable to be
dismissed on account of that omission. It was opined that the absence of
endorsement of the Notary on the copy of the affidavit was not a clerical
or typographical mistake and it was a substantial defect. Though the E
learned Judge referred to the rulings of this Court adverted to earlier in
this judgment, he was of the opinion that the omission was of a vital nature
which was likely to prejudice the returned candidate.

15. The view expressed by the Bombay High Court as stated above
was expressly approved by this Court in Dr. (Smt.) Shipra v. Shanti Lal, F
[1996] 5 S.C.C. 181. A batch of appeals were disposed of by a common
., judgment. The facts of each appeal were set out shortly which referred only
to the absence of notarial endorsement in the copy of the affidavit supplied
to the respondents in the election petition. It is not possible to ascertain
from the report whether the original affidavits filed in those cases were in G
accordance with law. Justice Ramaswami held that the principle of sub-
stantial compliance could not be accepted in the "fact-situation". He ob-
served :

"Sections 81, 83(1)( c) and 86 read with Rule 94-A of the Rules
and Form 25 are to be read conjointly as an integral scheme. When H
196 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] 1 S.C.R.

A so read, if the court finds on an objection, being raised by the
returned candidate, as to the maintainability of the election peti-
tion, the court is required to go into the question and decide the
-t-<
.
preliminary objection. In case the court does not uphold the same,
the need to conduct trial would arise. If the court upholds the
preliminary objection, the election petition would result in dismiss-
B al at the threshold, as the court is left with no option except to
~
dismiss the same". ...
Justice Bharucha, while expressing his agreement with Justice Ramaswamy,
observed that the document purporting to be a true copy of the election
c petition gave the impression that the petitioner's affidavit supporting his
allegations of corrupt practice had not been sworn or affirmed and was c'
therefore no affidaVit at all which misled the opposite party in a material
particular and its supply was fatal to the election petition.

Justice Paripoornan who also wrote a concurring judgment referred to the
D judgment of the single Judge of the Bombay High Court in detail and
adopted the observations made in that judgment as his own.

16. The scope of the ruling in Dr. (Smt.) Shipra's case (supra) came
up for consideration in T.M. Jacob v. C. Poulose and Others, [1998] 2 S.C.C.
;;,_
1
31 before a bench of Three Judges. The Bench referred the matter to a
E
larger Bench with the following observations :

"Having heard Shri Sorabjee, we are not too sure that the
principle indicated in the said decision can apply to the facts of
the present case but certain wide observations, in the opinion of
F Justice Paripoornan and Justice K. Ramaswamy may support the
appellant's contentions. In our opinion, the matter would, there- _.
fore, require reconsideration by a larger Bench to decide whether
even in a case like the present one, the decision in Shipra (Dr.) v.
Shantilal Khoiwal apply."

G 17. It is to be noticed that the reference is only with regard to the
applicability of Dr. (Smt.) Shipra in cases like the one which arose before
the said Bench. In the light of the rulings of the Constitution Bench
referred to earlier, we have our own reservations on the correctness of the
view expressed in Dr. (Smt.) Shipra's case (supra) but it is unnecessary in
H the present case to dwell on the same. As pointed out earlier, Justice
ANIL R. DESHMUKH v. ONKAR N. WAGH [SRINIVASAN, J.] 197

Ramaswamy has confined the ruling to the "fact-situation" in that case. In A
so far as the present case is concerned, there is a distinguishing factor
which makes the ruling in Dr. (Smt.) Shipra's case (supra) inapplicable. We
have already referred to the fact that even before arguments were heard
on the preliminary objection by the High Court in this case the true copies
of the affidavits had been served on the first respondent and his counsel.
In the facts and circumstances of this case, we have no doubt that there
B
was sufficient compliance of the provisions of Section 81(3) read with
Section 83(1)( c) of the Act even if it could be said that the copies served
in the first instance on the first respondent were not in conformity with the
provisions of the Act. Unfortunately, this aspect of the matter has been
completely ignored by the High Court. Hence the order of the High Court c
dismissing the election petition in limine is unsustainable.

18. In the result, the appeal is allowed and the order of the High
Court in Election Petition No. 3 of 1995 date 1.11.1996 is set aside. The
said Election Petition is restored to the file of the High Court. It shall be
decided on merits. The High Court is requested to dispose of the same D
expedit:ously and if possible within a period of four months from the date
~f receipt of records. There will be no order as to costs.

v.s.s. Appeal allowed.