Supreme Court of India
ANEESH D. LAWANDE & OTHERSversusTHE STATE OF GOA AND OTHERS
- Citation
- 2013 INSC 580
- Decided
- 30 August 2013
- Disposal
- Disposed off
- Bench
- ANIL R DAVE
Holding
Admissions made on the basis of NEET are protected and cannot be cancelled by the State, and the transferred All‑India quota seats must be filled from students admitted under the 2004 Rules, without increasing seats or telescoping unfilled seats.
Summary
The petitioners, students admitted to postgraduate medical and dental courses in Goa on the basis of NEET ranks, challenged the State of Goa's order cancelling their admissions after the Supreme Court had protected those admissions. The Supreme Court held that the State could not rescind the NEET‑based admissions, as they were protected by its earlier judgment, and directed that the petitioners be allowed to continue their studies. To address the grievance of students admitted under the 2004 Rules, the Court exercised its Article 142 jurisdiction and ordered that the 21 seats transferred from the All‑India quota to the State quota be filled from those students, without allowing any increase in seats or telescoping of unfilled seats to subsequent years. The Court also emphasized the duty of public authorities to act in accordance with judicial pronouncements. The writ petition was disposed of without any order as to costs.
Issues considered
- Whether admissions made on the basis of NEET, protected by the Supreme Court, can be cancelled by the State Government.
- Whether the State can allocate seats transferred from the All‑India quota to the State quota among students admitted under the 2004 Rules.
- Whether the State may increase the number of seats or telescope unfilled seats to the next academic year.
- Whether the High Court should have entertained interim petitions in view of the transfer of matters to the Supreme Court.
- Whether the State's action violates the duty of public authorities under the Constitution.
Legislation cited
- Constitution of Indias. 141, s. 142, s. 144, s. 32
- Indian Medical Council Act, 1956s. 33
Subjects
NEETmedical educationpostgraduate admissionpublic authorityArticle 142seat allocationState of GoaSupreme Court protection
Judgment
[2013] 17 S.C.R. 55
ANEESH D. LAWANDE & OTHERS A
v.
THE STATE OF GOA AND OTHERS
(Writ Petition (C) No. 598 of 2013)
AUGUST 30, 2013 B
[ANIL R. DAVE AND DIPAK MISRA, JJ.]
Education - Admission - Post Graduate Medical and
dental courses - Abademic year 2013-14 - Students were C
admitted in the Government Medical/dental College on basis
of ranks secured in the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test
(NEET) - Supreme Court struck down as ultra vires the NEET,
however, held that the admissions already made on the basis
of the NEET would be protected - Subsequently, however, the D
State Government passed order canceling the NEET
admissions and admitted students on the basis of the 2004
.admission rules - Students admitted through the NEET then
filed the present writ petition - Held: The present litiga.tion
exposits a very sad scenario - The admissions given on the E
basis of NEET examination had been protected by the
Supreme Court and hence, their admissions could not have
been cancelled by the State Government - The act of State
Government indubitably shows total lack of prudence - Writ F
petitioners directed to be allowed to prosecute their studies -
However, anguish of the students admitted on the basis of the
2004 Rules also addressed - Direction issued u/Art. 142 of
the Constitution that 21 seats transferred from the All India
· quota to State quota be filled up from among the students who G
took admissions under the 2004 Rules - Prayer for increase
of seats for the academic year 2013-14, rejected - Further
prayer for adjustment with per:mitted seats of the subsequent
year, also rejected - Constitution of India, 1950 - Article 142.
55 H
56 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2013) 17 S.C.R.
A Constitution of India, 1950 - Articles 144 and 141 -
Public authority - Duty of the Government to follow the law
and the pronouncements of the Court - On facts, the
authorities of the State Government played possum and
proceeded to crucify the fate of the candidates who had been
B protected by the verdict of. the Supreme Court -Such action
was absolutely impermissible.
The Government medical/dental college in question
was affiliated to the Goa University and governed by the
C Goa (Rules for admission to Postgraduate degree and
diploma courses of the Goa University at the Goa Medical
College) Rules, 2004. On 9.8.2012, the Government of Goa
granted approval for implementation of the Medical
Council of India's Notification on the National Eligibility·
o cum-Entrance Test (NEET) for medical and dental
courses from the Academic Year 2013-14.
The introduction of NEET was made by issue of a
notification by the Medical Council of India. The said
notification as well as the notification issued by the
E Dental Council of India came to be challenged before the
Supreme Court in Christian Me~ical College Ve/lore case.
The Supreme Court vide order dated 13-12-2012
permitted the Medical Council of India, the Dental Council
F of India, as well as the States and Universities and other
institutions, to conduct NEET examination, but with a
direction not to declare the results of the same, until
further orders. NEET examination was conducted for the
medical as well as dental courses. On 13-5-2013 this
G Court modified its order of 13·12-2012, and allowed the
results of the examinations already conducted to .be
declared to enable the students to take advantage of the
same for the current year.
The results of NEET were subsequently declared. On
H the basis of th.e ranks in NEET examination and the
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA .. 57
counseling, the writ petitioners herein were admitted in A
the Government Medical College at Goa. Meanwhile, the
-High Court entertained a writ petition filed by the
students, who had failed to qualify in the NEET
examination but were eligible to get admission on the
basis of their aggregate marks as provided under the B
2004 Rules, and passed interim order dated 20-6-2013,
directing that counselling be held in respect of both the
categories of students.
The Supreme Court on 18.7.2013 finally decided per C
majority that the Medical Council of India is not
empowered under' the Medical Council of India Act, 1956
to conduct the NEET, and thereafter quashed the
impugned Notifications published by the Medical Council
of India along with Notification published by the Dental o
Council of India, however, did not invalidate the
admissions already given on the basis of the NEET.
1 •
Subsequently, however, the ·state Government
decided to grant admissions as per the existing 2004
Rules and cancelled the provisional admissions given E
earlier to the writ petitioners on the basis of NEET merit,
and therefore the present writ petition.
Disposing the writ petition, the Court
HELD:1. The present litigation exposits a sad sad F
scenario. It is sad because a chaos has crept in the lives
of some students and it is further sad as the State of Goa
and its functionaries have allowed ingress of systemic
anarchy throwing propriety to the winds possibly
harbouring the attitude of utter indifference and nurturing G
an incurable propensity to pave the path of deviancy.
[Para 1]'[62-G-H]
Convenor, MBBS/BOS Seleotion Board and others v.
Chandan Mishra and others 1995 Supp (3) SCC 77; Medical
Council of India v. Madhu Singh and others (2002) 7 SCC H
58 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 17 S.C.R.
A 258: 2002 (2) Suppl. SCR 228 and Asha v. Pt. B.D. Sharma
University of Health Sciences and others (2012) 7 SCC 389:
2012 (6) SCR 876 - referred to.
2. The High Court should not have entertained the
writ petition on three counts, namely, (i) all the writ
8 petitions challenging the notification from all the High
Courts had been transferred to this Court; (ii) that the
Court had been passing interim ord~rs from time to time;
and (iii) that any order passed by it had the potentiality
C to usher in some kind of anomaly. Though the High Court
should not have entertained and passed any order, yet
the order of the High Court is also quite clear to the effect
that interim order was subject to further orders that may
be passed by it depending upon the order passed by this
o Court. Thus, the order passed by the High Court was a
guarded one. This Court in the final judgment had not
invalidated the actions taken under the amended
regulations and it included the admissions already given
on the basis of the NEET conducted by the Medical
E Council of India. In the judgment pronounced by this
Court in Christian Medical College, Ve/lore, per majority,
it was unequivocally stated that the quashment of the
11otifications shall not invalidate the action already taken
under the amended regulations including the admissions
F already given on the basis of NEET conducted by the
Medical Council of India and the Dental Council of India.
Therefore, there could not have been any scintilla of
doubt in any one's mind that the admissions given on the
basis of NEET examination had been protected by this
G Court and hence, their admissions could not have been
cancelled by the State Government. [Paras 21, 22] [73-F-
G; [74-B-E]
Christian Medical College Ve/lore and others v. Union
H of India and others 2013 (9) SCALE 226 - referred to.
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE 0.F GOA , 59
..
3.1. It is really perplexing that the State Government A
in spite of the order of this Court took a decision on
25.7.2013 to cancel the provisional admissions given to
the students on the basis of NEET merit examination. The
act indubitably shows total lack of prudence. After the
judgment was pronounced by this Court, some kind of B
infantile wisdom which may, in different terminology, be
called depraved sense of egocentric knowledge, the
Additional Secretary (Health) had conveyed the
Government's decision dated 25.7.2013. This wise act of
the State Government can irrefragably be compared with
c
"absence of common sense in an uncommon degree".
The authorities in the Government are required to
understand that the basic governance consists in the act
of taking considered, well vigilant, appropriate and legal 0
decisions. It is the sacrosanct duty of the Government to
follow the law and the pronouncements of the court and
not to take recourse to such subterfuges. [Paras 14, 15
and 23] [71-A, F; 70-G-H; 74-E-G]
3.2. Every public authority has a duty coupled with E
power. Before exercising the power, one is required to
understand the object of such power and the conditions
in which the same is to be exercised. Similarly, when one
performs public duty he has to remain alive to the legal
position and not be oblivious of it. Here the authorities F
of the State Government have felt courageous enough to
play possum and proceeded to crucify the fate of the
candidates who had been protected by the verdict of this
Court. Such an action is absolutely impermissible. Thus G
analysed the letter dated 25.7.2013 deserves to be
__ lancinated. The writ petitioners, who have been admitted
on the basis of the NEET examination, shall be allowed
to prosecute their studies. [Para 24] [75-A, B, E, G]
Superintending Engineer, Public Health, U. T. H
60 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 17 S.C.R.
A Chandigarh and others v. Ku/deep Singh and others (1997)
9 SCC 199: 1997 (1) SCR 454 and Commissioner of Police,
Bombay v. Gordhandas Bhanji AIR 1952 SC 16: 1952 SCR
'135.- relied on.
Julius v. Lord Bishop of Oxford (1880) 5 A.C. 214 -
8
referred to.
4.1. The anguish of the students who were admitted
on the basis of the 2004 Rules also deserves to be
addressed. The factual matrix of the present case, being
C totally exceptional, compels exercise of jurisdiction under
Article 142 of the Constitution to issue a direction so that
it can act as a palliative at least for some of the students
who had been given admissions under the Rules. Regard
being had to the special features of the case and the
D litigations that have cropped up and the mistake that the
State Government has committed, this Court is inclined
to direct that 21 seats transferred to the State quota shall
be filled up from among the students who had taken
admissions under the 2004 Rules. The admissions and
E the allocations of the stream shall be on their inter se merit
as per the Rules. However, none of these candidates
shall be allowed to encroach upon the streams that have
already been allotted to the writ petitioners who were
F admitted having been qualified in the NEET examination.
There are some unfilled seats as some students have left
the College. If the vacancies have occurred, the same can
also be filled up regard being had to the merit as
stipulated under the Rules. (Paras 25, 30) (75-A; 76-A; 78-
G B-G]
4.2. From the earlier decisions of this Court, two
principles emerge: (i) that there cannot be direction for
increase of seats and (ii) there cannot be telescoping of
unfilled seats of one year with permitted seats of the
H subsequent years. [Para 28) (77-G]
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 61
4.3. A submission was put forth to the effect that there A
should be increase of the seats for the academic year
2013-14 and the students should be adjusted. Noticeably,
an application was filed by the College for enhancement
of-seats for 2014-15 and during the pendency of this
petition there has been a request to the Medical Council B
of India to prepone it for the year 2013-14. Enhancement
of seats requires inspection and is controlled by a set of
Regulations and, in any case, the application for 2014-15
cannot be directed to be processed in the current year. C
Another submission was made relating to the issue
whether the students who cannot be adjusted in the seats
of All India quota that have been transferred to the State
quota of this year can be adjusted next year. Though, in
certain individual cases where there is defective 0
counselling and merit has become a casualty, this Court
has directed for adjustment in the next academic session
but in the case at hand, it is not exactly so. It will not be
appropriate to issue directions to adjust them in respect
of the subsequent academic year, for taking recourse to E
the same would affect the other meritorious candidates
who would be aspirant to get admissions next year. For
doing equity to some in presenti, one cannot afford to do
injustice to others in future. [Paras 31, 32] [78-H; 79-A-D,
E-G] F
Satyabrata Sahoo and others v. State of Orissa and
others (2012) 8 sec 203:2012 (10) SCR 204 and Faiza
Choudhary v. State of Jammu and Kashmir and another ·
(2012) 10 sec 149: 2012 (7) SCR 528 - relied on.
G
KS. Bhoir v. State of Maharashtra and others (2001) 10
SCC 264: 2001 (5) Suppl. SCR 593; Medical Council of India
v. State of Karnataka and others (1998) 6 SCC 131: 1998 (3)
SCR 740 and Priya Gupta v. State ofChhattisgarh and others,
(2012) 7 SCC 433: 2012 (5) SCR 768 - referred to. H
62 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2013] 17 S.C.R.
A Case Law Reference :
1995 Supp (3) sec 77 Para 1 referred to
2002 (2) Suppl. SCR 228 Para 1 referred to
2012 (6) SCR 876 Para 2 referred to
B 2013 (9) SCALE 226 Para 6 referred to
1997 (1) SCR 454 Para 24 relied on
(1880) 5 A.C. 214 Para 24 referred to
1952 SCR 135 Para 24 relied on
c 2001 (5) Suppl. SCR 593 Para 25 referred to
2012 (7) SCR 528 Para 25 relied on
2012 (10) SCR 204 Para 25 relied on
1998 (3) SCR 740 Para 25 referred to
D
2012 (5) SCR 768 Para 30 referred to
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (C) No.
598 of 2013.
Under Article 32 of The Constitution of India.
E
R. F. Nariman, Huzefa Ahmadi, C. U. Singh, lndu Malhotra,
Rohan Sharma, Jayant Mohan, Siddharth Bhatnagar, Pawan
Kr. Bansal, T. Mahipal, Vikram Mehta, Anshuman Srivastava,
Gaurang P. (for Vikas Mehtra), Amit Kumar, Ankit Rajghana,
F for the appearing parties.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
DIPAK MISRA, J. 1. The present litigation exposits a sad
sad scenario. It is sad because a chaos has crept in in the lives
G ··of some students and it is further sad as the State of Goa and
its functionaries have allowed ingress of systemic anarchy
throwing propriety to the winds possibly harbouring the attitude
of utter indifference and nurturing an incurable propensity to
pave the path of deviancy. The context is admission to Post
H Graduate courses in a single Government medical college at
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 63
[DIPAK MISRA, J]
'
Goa. The insensitivity of the authorities administering medical A
college admissions was seriously decried by a three-Judge
Bench in Convenor, MBBS!BDS Selection Board and others
v. Chandan Mishra and others' and further ech6~d in Medical
Council of India v. Madhu Singh and others 2 • The Court in
Chandan Mishra (supra) had approvingly reproduced a B
sentence from the decisipn of the High Court that proclaimed
in sheer anguish: "Shakespeare in Othello has written "Chaos.
is come again".
2. The saga of anguish continues with constant C
consistency: In Asha v. Pt. B.0. Sharma University of Health
Sciences and others 3 a two-Judge Bench commenced the
judgment thus: -
"Admission to the medical courses (MBBS and BOS) has
consistently been a subject of judicial scrutiny and review D
for more than three decades. While this Court has
enunciated the law and put to rest the controversy arising
in relation to one facet of th·e admission and selection
process to the medical courses, because of the ingenuity
of the authorities involved in this process, even more E
complex and sophisticated sets of questions have come
up for consideration of the Court with the passage of time.
One can hardly find any infirmities, inaccuracies or
impracticalities in the prescribed scheme and notifications
in regard to the process of selection and grant of F
admission. It is the arbitrary and colourable use of power
and manipulation in implementation of the schedule as well
as the apparently perverse handling of the process by the
persons concerned or the authorities involved, in collusion G
with the students or otherwise, that have rendered the
entire admission process faulty and questionable before
1. 1995 supp (3) sec 77.
2. (2002) 7 sec 258.
3. (2012) 1 sec 389. H
64 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 17 S.C.R.
A the courts. It is the admissions granted arbitrarily.
discriminately or in a manner repugnant to the regulations
dealing with the subject that have invited judicial
catechism. With the passage of time, the quantum of this
litigation has increased manifold."
B
3. We have begun with such a prefatory note and referred
to the aforesaid pronouncements as the facts, as have been
uncurtained, would shock one's conscience. A deliberate
labyrinth which not only assaults the majesty, sanctity and purity
C of law, but also simultaneously creates a complex situation
requiring this Court to intervene in a different manner to redeem
the situation as far as possible so that there is some sanguine
cathartic effect.
4. Presently to the facts. The State of Goa has framed a
D set of Rules, namely, the Goa (Rules for admission to
Postgraduate degree and diploma courses of the Goa
University at the Goa Medical College) Rules, 2004 (for short
"the Rules"). Rule 3 deals with eligibility, preference and order
of merit. Rule 3(1) deals with eligibility criteria and Rule 3(2)
E with preference. Rule 3(3) of the Rules deals with order of merit.
The relevant part of the said Rule is reproduced below:-
"(3) Order of Merit - (i) The order of merit shall be
determined by the percentage of aggregate marks.
F (ii) Aggregate Marks - The percentage of aggregate
marks shall be arrived at by totaling the marks obtained
in all the subjects of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd MBBS
Examinations and reducing it to a percentage after the
following deductions: -
G (a) 5 per cent of marks shall be deducted for every
failure from the marks of the subject failed
(b) 5 per cent of marks shall also be deducted as
above, if the student takes a drop in the subject.
H (iii) If two or more candidates secure the same marks in
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 65
[DIPAK MISRA, J.]
the merit list as drawn above, the marks obtained in the A
subject shall decide the merit. In case the subject marks
are also the same, the total marks secured by the
candidates in the Final M.B.B.S. Examination, or total
marks of llnd MBBS Examination or total marks of the 1st
M.B.B.S. Examination, depending on whether the B
candidate is seeking registration in the clinical or para-
clinical or pre-clinical subjects respectively, shall decide the
merit.
(iv) A candidate, who has failed three times in a particular c
subject, shall not be eligible for registration for the degree
or diplomas for which the marks of that subject are
considered.
(v) For admission to the postgraduate degree and diploma
D
courses, the candidates belonging to the General Category
will be required to obtain minimum 50% and the
candidates belonging to the Scheduled Casts, Scheduled
Tribes and Other Backward Classes will be required to
,, obtain minimum 40%, aggregate marks as determined E
above."
5. The said Rule governs the admission to the singular
medical college and the lone dental college, both Government
colleges affiliated to Goa University. On 9.B.2012 the
Government of Goa in the Department of Public Health, through F
its Under Secretary (Health) communicated to the Dean, Goa
Medical College, as follows: - \
'•
"I am directed to refer to your letter No. Acad/141/ NEET/
12/G.M.C./245 dated 27.6.2012 on the subject cited above G
and to convey approval of the Government for
implementation of the Medical Council of India's
Notification on the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test
(NEET) for the Under Graduate and Post Graduate
students from the Academic Year 2013-14." H
66 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 17 S.C.R.
A 6. In pursuance of the decision taken the students
appeared in the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET)
held in November-December, 2012 for the medical courses
and in January, 2013 for the dental courses. It is worthy to note
that introduction of NEET was made by issue of a notification
B by the Medical Council of India in exercise of power conferred
on it by Section 33 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956.
The said notification as well as the notification issued by the
Dental Council of India came to be challenged in Christian
C Medical College Ve/lore and others v. Union of India and
others•.
7. During the pendency of the writ petitions as well as the
transferred cases which were transferred from various High
Courts, this Court on 13.12.2012 passed the following order:-
D
"Place these matters on 15th January, 2013.
In the meantime. the Medical Council of India. the Dental
Council of India, as well as the States and Universities and
other institutions. will be entitled to conduct their respective
E examinations for the M.B.B.S .. B.D.S. and Post-Graduate
courses. but shall not declare the results of the same. until
further orders of this Court.
Learned counsel for the respective parties are all directed
to make available their written submissions by 7th January,
F
2013.
Let copies of this Order be made available to the
advocates-on-record for the respective parties for
communication to concerned Authorities.
G
Wide publicity may also be given to this Order by the
States, Union of India, Medical Council of India and the
Dental Council of India so that the students, who are intending
H 4. 2013 (9) SCALE 226.
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 67
[DIPAK MISRA, J.]
to sit for the entrance examination, may have knowledge of A
the same."
[Underlining is ours]
8. After the aforesaid order came to be passed the NEET
examination was conducted for the medical as well as dental B
courses. On 13.5.2013 this Court referred to the challenge to the
notifications, order passed on 13.12.2012 and thereafter passed
the following order: -
"3. On 13th December, 2012, when the matters were taken
up for consideration, we decided to post the matters for final C
hearing on 15th, 16th and 17th January, 2013, and allowed the
respective entrance examinations, which had already been
notified, to be held, while the hearing progressed. Such
examinations included .the National Eligibility Entrance
Test(NEET) for both MBBS and PostGraduate courses in D
different disciplines, as also the BDS and MOS examinations.
Presuming that the hearing would be completed on the dates
indicated, we had directed that the Medical Council of India, ·
the Dental Council of India, as well as the States and
E
Universities and other institutions, would be entitled to conduct
their respective examinations for the MBBS, BDS and Post-
Graduate courses, but the results of the examinations were
not to be declared until further orders of the Court.
Consequently, although, the examinations have been held, the
F
results have been withheld and have not been declared, on
account of the interim order passed by us.
4. The hearing could not be concluded within 17th January,
2013, as we had hoped, on account of the enlargement of the
scope of the hearing and the large number of parties who had G
to be heard in the matter. In fact, the matters were last heard
on 30th April, 2013, and it has, therefore, not been possible
to pronounce judgment before the $upreme Court closed for
the summer vacations on 10th May, 2013.
H
68 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 17 S.C.R.
A 5. While the matters were being heard, we had been informed
by the learned senior counsel appearing for the Christian
Medical College, Vellore, and the Karnataka Pvt. Medical &
Dental College, that a large number of students would be
adversely affected ana would stand to lose a year, if the bar•
B on the declaration of their results was not lifted. Although,
initially, we had declined to entertain such prayer, on account
of the delay in completion of the hearing and the prospect of
the students losing a year on account thereof, we feel that
students hoping to gain admission in the MBBS as well as
c Post-Graduate courses on the strength of the results of the
examinations, which have alrea.dy been held and for which
they had appeared, should not be denied such opportunity, at
least for this year. We are also alive to the fact that it is the
Post-Graduate students in the medical colleges, who take
D
charge of the medical treatment of patients in the hospitals.
Without fresh entrants into the Post-Graduate courses, even
for a year, the hospitals are likely to be adversely affected on
account of lack of doctors to directly take care of the patients
E in the hospitals.
6. Apart from the above. the students. who aspire to gain entrv
into the medical colleges at the MBBS and BOS and the Post-
Graduate levels. have been caught in the legal tangle for no
fault of theirs and are the victims of policy decisions. In order
F to safeguard their interests. as also the interest of the
hospitals. we consider it just and equitable to lift the bar
imposed by us on 13th December. 2012. for this year's
entrance examinations and, to that extent. we modify our order
of 13th December. 2012. and allow the results of the
G examinations already conducted to be declared to enable the
students to take advantage of the same for the current year."
[Emphasis supplied]
9. Pursuant·to the aforesaid order, the results of NEET were
H
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 69
[DIPAK MISRA, J.]
declared on 16.5.2013. The writ petitioners herein secured A
ranks which entitled them to be admitted to the post graduate
courses in various streams in the State of Goa.
10. When the matter was sub-judice before this Court and
this Court has been passing interim orders regard being had
8
to the numerous fact situations, the High Court of Bombay at
Goa entertained Writ Petition No. 366 of 2013 by the students,
who had failed to qualify in the NEET examination but were
eligible to get admission on the basis of their aggregate marks
as provided under the Rules, and passed the following interim c
order: -
"Mr. Nadkarni submits that the applications for admission
to postgraduate courses in Goa Medical College have
been invited from the students, who fall in the category of
M.B.B.S. examination from Goa Medical College as well D
as those who have passed National Eligibility-cum-
Entrance Test ('NEET'. for short) and counselling and
admission process are presently being undertaken in
terms of MCI Rules on the basis of the result of the NEET.
E
Considering the equities in the matter, we direct the
respondents to hold counselling in respect of both the
categories of students and permit admission to the
students, who have passed NEET subject to further orders
that may be passed by this Court, depending upon the F
order passed by the Apex Court in the matter pending
before it. The selected candidates shall be put on notice
that the admissions are provisional in nature and shall be
subject to further orders that may be passed by this Court."
11. It is condign to note here that on the basis of the ranks G
in NEET examination and the counselling the writ petitioners
were admitted in the Government Medical College at Goa.
12. At this juncture, we are obliged to state that the problem
to some extent has been created by the interim order passed· H
70 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 17 S.C.R.
A by the High Court. With all respect at our command, we may
state that when the matter was before this Court and interim
orders were being passed from time to time, the High Court
should have been well advised not to entertain the petition and
pass any interim order. Such a restraint was requisite and, more
B so, when number of writ petitions had peen transferred to this
Court and the Court was dealing with a batch of 115 matters.
13. The writ petitions filed before this Court and the
transferred cases were decided on 18.7.2013 whereby the
c majority came to hold that the Medical Council of India is not
empowered under the Medical Council of India Act, 1956 to
conduct the NEET. After so holding the majority directed as
follows: -
"163. The Transferred Cases and the Writ Petitions are,
D therefore, allowed and the impugned Notifications Nos.
MCl-31(1)/2010-MED/49068, and MCl.18(1)/2010-MED/
49070, both dated 21st December, 2010, published by the
Medical Council of India along with Notification Nos. DE-
22-2012 dated 31st May, 2012, published by the Dental
E Council of India and the amended Regulations sought to
be implemented thereunder along with Notification Nos.
DE-22-2012 dated 31st May, 2012, published by the
Dental Council of India, are hereby quashed. This will not.
however. invalidate actions so far as taken under the
F
amended Regulations. including the admissions already
given on the basis of the NEET conducted by the Medical
Council of India. the Dental Council of India and other
private medical institutions. and the same shall be valid for
G all purposes."
[Emphasis added)
14. After the judgment was pronounced, some kind of
infantile wisdom which may, in different terminology, be called
H depraved sense of egocentric knowledge, the Additional
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 71
. [DIPAK MISRA, J.]
Secretary (Health) had conveyed the Government's decision A
dated 25.7.2013 which is as under: -
"The Dean
Goa Medical College,
B
Bambolim-Goa
Sub: Decision of the Government regarding Admission
to Post Graduate Degree/Diploma Cources at
GMC.
c
I am directed to refer to your letter No. Acad/175/G.M.C./
2013/441 dt. 23.7.2013 on the subject cited above and to
convey the decision of the Government to admit the
students for Post Graduate Degree/Diploma based on
aggregate MBBS.marks, as per existing rules as notified D
in the Official Gazette Series I No. 50 and Series I No. 51,
Notification No. l/B/2033-11/PHD.
Provisional admissions given on the basis of the NEET
merit earlier thus stands cancelled."
E
[Underlining is ours]
15. This wise act of the State Government can irrefragably
be compared with "absence of common sense in an uncommon
degree".
F
16. When the writ petitions came before the High Court
on 25.7.2013, it passed the following order: -
"Mr. Nadkarni, learned Advocate General appearing on
behalf of respondents No. 1 to 5 states that in view of the
decision of the Supreme Court dated 18/07/2013 in T.C. G
(C) No. 98 of 2012 and allied matters, the State
Government has decided to follow its decision dated 15/
06/2013 and grant admissions in terms of the State
Regulations.
H
72 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 17 S.C.R.
A
In view of the statement made by the learned Advocate
General, Mr. Lotlikar, learned Senior Counsel seeks leave
to withdraw the petition, which is objected to by the learned
counsel appearing on behalf of the private respondents.
Before granting leave to withdraw the petition, we deem it
B
appropriate to hear the respondents.
We also direct the State Government to place on record
the decision taken by it to go by the said regulations by
filing an Affidavit of a responsible officer. The Affidavit to
c be filed by 29/07/2013 with advance copies to the learned
counsel appearing for the petitioners as well as the
. respondents."
17. After the aforesaid event, chaos ruled. The candidates,
D who had qualified in the NEET examination and had been -
admitted, were compelled to leave the college and the students
who had qualified under the Rules were admitted. The
dissa,tisfaction impelled the grieved students to approach this
Court under Article 32 of the Constitution and the Court on
E 30.7.2013 stayed the order of the State Government and
thereafter on 7.8.2013 passed a mandatory order to the effect
that the petitioners shall be permitted to continue their studies. ·
18. The thrust of the matter is whether the petitioners have
F any right to continue or the respondents who have be.en
admitted under the Rules have the right of admission.
19. Mr. R.F. Nariman, learned senior counsel appearing
for the petitioners, would urge with immense vehemence that
the State of Goa had consciously accepted the NEET
G examination for the purpose of admission to post graduate
courses and, hence, it can.not be permi.tted to take a
somersault. That apart, submits the learned senior counsel, in
view of the protection granted by this Court in its final jucfgment,
which protects their admissions, their rights could not have been
H demolished in such an irrational manner.
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 73
[DIPAK MISRA, J.]
20. Mr. Singh, learned senior counsel appearing for the A
State of Goa, would sub'!lit that NEET having been declared
ultra vires, the acceptance or non-acceptance by the State
Government has to pale into insignificance. He would further
submit that the State Government, keeping the High Court order
B
in view wherein it was mentioned that admission should be
provisional, had issued the order of cancellation of the admissions
given to the successful NEET candidates.
21. We have already reproduced paragraph 163 of the
judgment pronounced by this Court in Christian Medical College, c
Ve/lore (supra) on 18.7.2013. The majority has unequivocally stated
that the quashment cif the notifications shall not invalidate the action
already taken under the amended regulations including the
admissions already given on the basis of NEET conducted by the
Medical Council of India and the Dental Council of India. There is D
no cavil over the fact that the petitioners had qualified and taken
adrrlissions. The High Court by its order dated 20.6.2013 directed
to holcl counselling in respect of both the categories of students
and permit admissions to the students who have passed NEET
subject to further orders that may be passed by it depending upon E
the order passed by the Apex Court in the matter pending before
it. As per the direction of the High Court the selected candidates
are to be put on notice that the admissions are provisional in nature
and shall be subject to further orders that may be passed by the
F
High Court. The High Court should not have entertained the writ
petition on three counts, namely, (i) all the writ petitions challenging
the notification from all the High Courts had been transferred to this
Court; (ii) that the Court had been passing interim orders from time
to time; and (iii) that any order passed by it had the potentiality to G
usher in some kind of anomaly. What the High Court would have
done while finally adjudicating the matter is another issue but on
the basis of the decision taken by the State Government on
25.7.2013, possibly the learned Advocate General made a statement
before the Court on 25.7.2013. H
74 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 17 S.C.R.
A 22. Mr. Singh, learned senior counsel, would submit that all
admissions being provisional, as stated b} the High Court, the State
Government after interpreting the orders thought it apposite that the
admissions given on the base of ranks in NEET should be
cancelled and the admissions given under the Rules should be
8
sustained. We have already stated how the Government has taken
the decision. Though we have stated that the High Court should
not hav_e entertained and passed any order, yet we are obliged to
state that the order of the High Court is also quite clear to the effect
C that interim order was subject to further orders that may be passed
by it depending upon the order passed by this Court. Thus, the
order passed by the High Court was a guarded one. This Court in
the final judgment had not invalidated the actions taken under the.
amended regulations and it included the admissions already given
o on the basis of the NEET conducted by the Medical Council of
India. Therefore, there could not have been any scintilla of doubt in
any one's mind that the admissions given on the basis of NEET
examination had been protected by this Court and hence, their
admissions could not have been cancelled by the State
E Government.
23. It is really perplexing that the State Government in spite of
the order of this Court took a decision on 25. 7.2013 to cancel the
provisional admissions given to the students on the basis of NEET
F merit examination. The act indubitably shows total lack of prudence.
The authorities in the Government are required to understand that
the basic governance consists in the act of taking considered, well
vigilant, appropriate and legal decisions. It is the sacrosanct duty
of the Government to follow the law and the pronouncements of
G the court and not to take recourse to such subterfuges. The
Government should have reminded itself the saying of Benjamin
Disraeli:
"I repeat - that all power is a trust - that we are accountable
for its exercise - that, from the people and for the people, aH
H springs, and all must exist."
ANEESH D. LAWAN.DE v. THE STATE OF GOA 75
[DIPAK MISRA, J.]
24: It may not be out of place to state here that every public A
authority has a duty coupled with power. Before exercising the
power one is required to understand the object of such power
and the conditions in which the same is to be exercised.
Similarly, when one performs public duty he has to remain alive
to the legal position and ncit be oblivious of it. In this context, B
we may refer to the authority in Superintending Engineer,
Public Health, U. T. Chandigarh and others v. Ku/deep Singh
and others5 wherein the Court has reproduced the observations
of Farl Cairns L.C. in the House of Lords in Julius v. Lord C
Bishop of Oxforc/6 which was quoted with approval by this Court
in Commissioner of Police, Bombay v. Gordhandas Bhanji7.
The succinctly stated passage reads thus: -
"There may be something in the nature of the thing
empowered to be done, something in the object for which D
it is to be done, something in the conditions under which
it is to be done, something in the title of the person or
persons for whose benefit the power is to be exercised,
which may couple the power with a duty, and make it the
duty of the person in whom the power is reposed, to E
exercise that power when called upon to do so."
But, unfortunately, here the authorities of the State
Government have felt courageous enough to play possum and
proceeded to crucify the fate of the candidates who had been
F
protected by the verdict of this Court. Such an ~ction is
absolutely impermissible. Thus analysed the letter dated
25.7.2013 deserves to be lancinated and we so do. The writ
petitioners, who have been admitted on the basis of the NEET
examination, shall be allowed to prosecute their studies. G
25. The agony and woe do not end here. The anguish of
the students who were admitted on the basis of the Rules, in
5. (199) 9 sec 199.
6. (1880) 5 A.C. 214.
7. AIR 1952 SC 16. H
76 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 17 S.C.R.
A our considered opinion, deserves to be addressed. True it is,
they instead of approaching this Court knocked at the doors
of the High Court, may be in anxiety, as the counselUng for the
candidates qualified in the NEET examination had
commenced. By virtue of the order of the High Court they got
B provisional admissions. They have prosecuted their studies for
some time. Had the NEET not been introduced, they would
have been admitted under the Rules. But, presently the situation
is totally different. With the intention to solve the problem we
had directed issue of notice to the Medical Council of India. Mr.
c Amit Kumar, learned counsel appearing for the Medical Council
of India, has invited our attention to the pronouncements of this
Court in K.S. Bhoirv. State of Maharashtra and others•, Faiza
Choudhary v. State of Jammu and Kashmir and another",
0
Satyabrata Sahoo and others v. State of Orissa and others 10
and Medical Council of India v. State of Karnataka and
others". Learned counsel has drawn colossal inspiration from
the pronouncements in Satyabrata Sahoo and Faiza
Choudhary (supra).
E 26. In Satyabrata Sahoo, a two-Judge Bench has stated
thus: -
"This Court in State of Punjab v. Renuka Singla 12 held that
the High Court or the Supreme Court cannot be generous
or liberal in issuing such directions which in substance
F
amount to directing the authorities concerned to violate
their own statutory rules and regulations, in respect of
admissions of students. Technical education, including
medical education, requires infrastructure to cope with the
G requirement of giving proper education to the students, who
8. (2001) 10 sec 264.
9. (2012) 1o sec 149.
10. (2012) 8 sec 203.
11. (1998) s sec 131.
H 12. (1994) 1 sec 175.
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 77
[DIPAK MISRA, J.]
are admitted. Taking into consideration the infrastructure, A
equipment and staff, the limit of the number of admissions
is fixed by the Medical Council of India.
Thereafter, the learned Judges proceeded to state thus:-
8
" .... in Medical Council of/ndia v. State of Karnataka this
Court held that the number of students admitted cannot be
over and above that fixed by the Medical Council as per
the Regulations and that seats in medical colleges cannot
be increased indiscriminately without regard to proper c
infrastructure as per the Regulations of the Medical
Council."
27. In Faiza Choudhary (supra) a two-Judge Bench has
ruled thus: -
D
"In Medical Council of India v. State of Karnataka this
Court held that the humber of students admitted cannot be
over and above that fixed by the Medical Council as per
the Regulations and that seats in the medical colleges
cannot be increased indiscriminately without regard to E
proper infrastructure as per the Regulations of the Medical
Council. In Medical Council of India v. Madhu Singh 13 , this
Court held that there cannot be telescoping of unfilled seats
of one year with permitted seats of the subsequent year. F
Recently, this Court in Satyabrata Sahoo v. State of Orissa
has reiterated that it would not be possible to increase
seats at the expense of candidates waiting for admission
in the succeeding years."
28. From the aforesaid decisions two principles emerge: G
(i) that there cannot be direction for increase of seats and (ii)
13. (2002) 1 sec 25s. H
78 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2013] 17 S.C.R.
A there cannot be telescoping of unfilled seats of one year with
permitted seats of the subsequent years.
29. At this juncture, we may refer with profit to Priya Gupta
v. State of Chhattisgarh and others 14 , wherein the Court had
B issued directions under Article 142 of the Constitution
permitting the appellants therein to complete the course.
30. The factual matrix of the present case, being totally
exceptional, compels us to exercise our jurisdiction under
Article 142 of the Constitution to issue a direction so that it can
c act as a palliative at least for some of the students who had
been given admissions under the Rules. We have been
apprised by Mr. Singh, learned senior counsel for the State and
Ms. lndu Malhotra, learned senior counsel for the private
respondents, that 21 seats of All India quota in postgraduate
medical course and 7 seats in dental course have been
D transferred to the State quota. Mr. Amit Kumar, learned counsel
for the Medical Council of India, while not disputing the numbers,
would submit that they are to be filled up on different
parameters. We are absolutely conscious of the said position.
However, regard being had to the special features of the case
E and the litigations that have cropped up and the mistake that
the State Government has committed, we are inclined to direct
that 21 seats transferred to the State quota shall be filled up
from among the students who had taken admissions under the
2004 Rules. It needs no special emphasis to state that the
admissions and the allocations of the stream shall be on their
F inter se merit as per the Rules. We may hasten to clarify that
none of these candidates shall be allowed to encroach upon
the streams that have already been allotted to the petitioners
who were admitted having been qualified in the NEET
examination. We have been further apprised at the Bar that
G there are some unfilled seats as some students have left the
College. If the vacancies have occurred, the same can also be
filled up regard being had to the merit as stipulated under the
Rules.
31. We will be failing in our duty if we do not take note of
H 14_ (2012) 7 sec 433.
ANEESH D. LAWANDE v. THE STATE OF GOA 79
[DIPAK MISRA, J.]
two submissions put forth by the learned counsel for the State A
as well as by Ms. lndu Malhotra, learned senior counsel for the
private respondents. The first one is to the effect that there
should be increase of the seats for the academic year 2013-
14 and the students should be adjusted. Be it noted, an
application was filed by the College for enhancement of seats B
for 2014-15 and during the pendency of this petition there has
been a request to the Medical Council of India to prepone it
for the year 2013-14. Enhancement of seats requires
inspection and is controlled by a set of Regulations and, in any
case, the application for 2014-15 cannot be directed to be
processed in the current year. C
32. The next submission relates to the issue whether the
students who cannot be adjusted in the seats of All India quota
that have been transferred to the State quota of this year can
be adjusted next year. During the course of hearing though there
was some debate with regard to giving of admissions to such D
students in the academic year 2014-15, Mr. Amit Kumar,
learned counsel for the Medical Council of India, has seriously
opposed the same and, thereafter, has cited the authorities
which we have referred to hereinbefore. We are bound by the
said precedents. In certain individual cases where there is
defective counselling and merit has become a casualty, this E
Court has directed for adjustment in the next academic session
but in the case at hand, it is not exactly so. Though we are at
pains, yet we must express that it will not be appropriate to issue
directions to adjust them in respect of the subsequent academic
year, for taking recourse to the same would affect the other F
meritorious candidates who would be aspirant to get
admissions next year. For doing equity to some in presenti we
cannot afford to do injustice to others in future. Therefore, the
submission stands repelled. ·
33. The writ petition is accordingly disposed of with no G
order as to costs.
Bibhuti Bhushan Bose Writ Petition disposed of
Search Indian case law
Ask in plain English, not just keywords. 25,000 AI words free, no card.
Try "NEET"Sign in to search