ABHAY SINGH SURANAversusINDIAN RAYON & INDUSTRIES LTD.

                         ABHAY SINGH SURANA
A
                                       v.
                INDIAN RAYON & INDPSTRIES LTD.

                              AUGUST ·3;' 1988

B       [SABYASACHI MUKHARJI AND L.M. SHARMA, JJ.]

        Letters Patent of 1865 of Calcutta High Court: Clause 13-Extra-
  ordinary original jurisdiction-Exercise of by High .Court-Conditions
  requisite -Ejectment suit under W.B. Premises Tenancies Act, 1956
  and title suit transferred to High Court by consent of parties--But
C retransferred to trial court-Held disposal of suit by High Court would
  serve purpose of justice.

         Constitution of India-Art. 136-Proceeding at a preliminary
    stage-Interference-When called for.

D         Practice and Procedure: Disposal of suits by High Court would
    serve purpose of justice-Lesser number of appeals and possibility of
    settlement.

       The appellant let out his godown to a Textile company, which was
  subsequently amalgamated with the respondent Company, under a
E scheme of amalgamation approved by the High Court.

          On August 29, 1985 the appellant issued a notice to the erstwhile
    company under s. 106 of the Transfer of Property Act read withs. 13(6)
    of West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act, 1956 to quit and hand over
    vacant possession of the godown. Thereafter he filed a suit for eviction
F   in the City Civil Court .against the erstwhile Company and the respon-
    dent Company. The respondent also filed a suit under Order 39(1) and
    (2) of the Civil Procedure Code for temporary injunction restraining
    the appellant from disconnecting electricity in the said premises.

           The appellant tiled an application in the High Court under clause
G   13 of the Letters Patent for transfer of the two suits on the ground that
    the respondent had adopted. dilatory tactics and had taken several
    adjournments to file written statement, and that the original records
    relating to amalgamation were available in the High Court. By consent
    of the parties, the High Court transferred these suits to itself for trying
    in its extraordinary original civil jurisdictioin.
H
                                        204
                      A.S. SURANA v. INDIAN RAYON                        205

        When the suits appeared before the Single Judge, it was rep-           A
 resented that the snits were transferred to the High Cburt only on ihe
 understanding that the suits would be settled and that the efforts to
 settle the suit had failed. Hence,,-t"he Judge fixed a date for hearing of
 the two suits. On February 17, 1988 the respondent filed an application
 for recalling the order of transfer.                  ·
                                                                               B
       Accordingly, the· High Court . recalled its earlier or«!er and
 retransferred them to the City Civil Co~rt.

       Aggrieved, the appellant filed an appeal by special leave, contend-
 ing that there was simply an agreement to have the suits transferred to
 the High Court for quick and expeditious disposal, in .view of the long       c
 delay in filing written statements.

       The Respondent, however, contended that the agreement was that
 the suits would be settled in the High Court.

       Disposing of the appeal,                                                D

      HELD: .I.I Clause 13 of the Letters Patent enables the High
Court to exercise the extraordinary original civil jurisdiction. The
Letters Patent contemplates two contingencies for the High Court to
exercise extraordinary jurisdiction, namely, on agreement of the
parties to that effect, the suits be transferred and, secondly', for the       E
purpose of justice. It further stipulates that the reasons for so .Jibing to
be recorded on the proceedings in the High Court. [209C-D l

       1.2 /The disposal of the suits by the High Court would serve the
purpose" of justice. It would shorten litigation' in the sense that there
would be lesser number of appeals to the higher Court and the pos-             F
sibility of settlement is there in the High Court more-than anywhere
else. Suits are . likely to be more expeditiously disposed of under the
supervision of the High Conrt Judge than before the City Civil Court or
the Court subordinate to High Court. [210B]

       1.3 The purpose of justice must be determined by reference to           G
the circumstonces of each case and the balance of convenience hav-
ing regard to those circumstances, is one of the matters for considera-
tion. [210D I

     In the instant case,.even though initially the agreement to' transfer
might have been on the basis that the suits would be settled but the           H
     206           SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [1988] Supp. 2 S.C.R.

A 11greement 'to transfer was not unequivocal. The possibUlty of settlel)lent
     might have been the motivation. But the High Court has, undoubtedly,
     for the purpose of justice, rightly power to dispose of the suits. Having
     once transferred the suits, lt would be just and fair and would also serve
     the purpose of justice that the suits should continue to be disposed of by
     the High Court. (2IOC-D]

           Though the suits are at a prellmlnary stage,,but for the purpose of
     justice, the Court must oversee the administration of justice by. diffe-
     rent Courts and orders passed therein by High Courts as well as City
     Civil Courts. (210EJ     ·

C         Therefore, the purpose of justice would he served by directing
     expeditious disposal of the suits by the High Court. (2IOF]
                              w
           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2597
     of 1988.

 b         .
          From the Judgment and Order dated 17.3.1988 of the Calcutta
     High Court in Matter No. 2462 of 1987.

          SoliJ. Sorabji, R. Mahapatra, B.P. Singh and L.P. Agarwala for
     the Appellant.

 E         S.K. Kapoor, S. Dube, Chatterji and Mrs. -Indra Sawhney for
      the Respondent.

               The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

           SABY ASACHI MUKHARJI, J. Special leave granted. The
 F    appeal is disposed of by the judgment herein.

             On or about 7th August, 1963 Jayshree Textiles & Industries
      Ltd. (hereinafter called 'the Jayshree') was inducted as a tenant in
      respect of a godown in Calcutta on groundfloor at a monthly rent of
      Rs.151 per month payable according to the English calendar month
 G    w .e.f. 1.8.1963 exclusive of electric charges. Such induction was by the
      predecessor in title of the present appellant. The said rent of Rs.151
      p.m. was later enhanced from time to time and the last rent was Rs.225
      p.m.

               On or about 21st July, 1975, the High Court at Calcutta, in
 fa_ Comp_11ny Petition No. 161n6 connected with company apl'lication
            A.S. SURANA v. INDIAN RAYON [MUKHARJI, J.]               207

No. 70176 filed by the Jayshree, approved the scheme of amalgamation
                                                                           A
whereby the Jayshree merged in the respondent Company. It is alleged
that on or about 4th July, 1985, the appellant for the firsttime came to
know that the said godown was in occupation of Indian Rayon Cor-
por;ition Ltd and, hence, a notice to quit was issued. On or about 11th
July, 1985, the respondent by its letter intimated the appellantthat
Jayshree was amalgamated with the respondent in accordance with the        B
scheme sanctioned by the High Court at Calcutta on 21st July, 1976.

      On 29th August, 1985, a notice under Section 106 of the Transfer
of Property Act, read with Section 13(6) of the W.B. Premises
Tenancy Act, 1956 (hereinafter called 'the Act'), to quit, vacate and
hand-over vacant possession on the last date of the following month,
was issued to Jayshree. Thereafter, on 1st December, 1985 the appel- c
lant filed a suit for eviction in the City Civil Court at Calcutta against
the Jayshree and the respondent herein. On 25th March, 1986, the
respondent filed a Title Suit No. 545/86 under Order 39(1) and (2) of
the Civil Procedure Code praying for temporary injunction restraining
the appellant from disconnecting electricity in the said premises.         D

      It is alleged and was also alleged before the High Court that the
defendant No. 2 in the suit in the City Civil Court, took 15 adjourn-
ments to file written statement between March 1986 to May ~987. On
or about 6th July, 1987, the appellant filed an application under Clause
13 of the Letters Patent in the fligh Court at Calcutta, praying for       E
transfer of the two suits on the ground that the respondent had
adopted dilatory tactics and had taken several adjournments and,
further, that the origina) records relating to amalgamation are avail-
able in the High Court. Rule nisi was issued by the High Court. On
10th October, 1987 the High Court passed the following order:
                                                                           F
           "The Court: By consent of the parties, this application for
           transfer of the suit under Clause 13 of the Letters Patent is
           treated as on days' list and is disposed of by the following
           order:

           By coment of the parties the title suit being Title Suit No.    G
           345 of 1986- between Indian Rayon Corporation Ltd. and
           Abbay Singh Surana pending before the learned Judge's
           bench in the City Civil Court and the ejectment suit being
           Ejectment Suit No. 1088 of 1985 between Abbay Singh
           Surana and Jayshree Textiles & Industries Ltd. and
           another pending in the City Civil Court are removed and         H
    208        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [!988] Supp. 2 S.C.R.

               transferred to this Court and to be entertained and tried by
               this Court in its extraordinary original civil jurisdiction. Let
               the records be transferred to this Court by 16th September,
                1987. The Registrar, Original Side, shall communicate this
               order to the Registrar, City Civil Cpurt. If necessary, at the
               cost of the petitioner a special messenger is to be deputed
               for the purpose of transfer of the records from the. City
               Civil Court to this.Court. Let the two suits appear in the list
               for settlement on 17tlfSeptember, 1987."

          It appears that the suits appeared before the learned Judge upon
    mentioning on 15th December, 1987. It was represented that the suits
    were transferred to the High Court only on the understanding that the
c   suits would be settled. It was further represented that the effort to
    settle the suits had failed and, hence, the learned Single Judge of the
    High Court fixed a date for hearing of the two suits.
          On 17th February, 1988, the respondent filed an application
    before the learned Trial Judge in Calcutta for recalling the order of
D   transfer dated 10. 10. 1987. On 17th March, 1987, the court passed the
    following order:

               "The Court: It appears that on 10th September, 1987, an
               order was passed directing transfer of the suit to this Court
               so that the parties could settle the matter in this Court. It
E              has been stated by Mr. Ranjan Dev, Advocate, that there
               is no possibility of settlement and the suit should be heard.
               In that view of the matter, let the suit be heard by the
               appropriate Court. The order dated 10th September, 1987
               is hereby recalled. Let there also be' an order in terms of
               prayer (b) of the petition .. Since the suit is being re-trans-
F              ferred to the City Civil Court, this Court cannot pass any
               order as to the prayer made for deposit of rent. Liberty is
               given to the parties to make an appropriate application
                before the appropriate Court for such a direction."

          Aggrieved thereby, the petitioner had filed a special leave peti-
G   tion and leave was granted herein. That is how, this appeal is here.
         In order to appreciate the contentions urged in this case, it is
    imperative to refer to Clause 13 of the Letters Patent of 1865 of the
    High Court, which reads as follows:
                "And we do further ordain, that the ·said High Court of
H               °Judicature at Fort William in Bengal shail have power to
              A.S. SURANA 1·. INDIAN RAYON [MUKHARJI, J.]               209

               remove, and to try and· determine, as a Court of ·extra- A
               ordinary original jurisdiction, any suit being or following
              within the jurisdiction of any court, whether within or wiih·
              out the Bengal Division of the Presidency of Fort William·,
              subject to its superintendence, when the ·said High Court
              shaU think proper to do so, either on the agreement of the
              parties to that effect, or for purposes of justice, the reasons ·B
              for so doing being recorded on the proceedings of the said
              High Court.".
       The aforesaid clause has been the subject-matter of various
 adjudications and interpretations by the High Court. It enables the
 High Court to exercise the extraordinary original civil jurisdiction.
 The Letters Patent contemplates two contingencies for the High Court         c
 to exercise extraordinary jurisdiction, namely, on agreement of the
 parties to that effect, the suits be transferred and, secondly, for the
 purpose of justice. It further stipulates that the reasons for so doing to
 be recorded on the proceedings in the High Court. Jn this case, ap-
 parently the suits were transferred by agreement of the parties. There
 is, however, great deal of difference as to what that agreement was.
                                                                              b
 On behalf of the appellant, it is contended that there was simply an
 agreement to have the two suits transferred to the High Court for
 quick and expeditious disposal. It was, further, asserted that in view of
 the long delay in filing the written statements, it was, therefore, advis-
 able to have the suits disposed of by the High Court.
                                                                            E
         On the other hand, it is seriously contended that the agreement
  was that the suits would be settled in the High Court. It appears that
  some such representations had been made to the learned Judge that
  the suits would be settled. This, however, the appellant disputes. The
  suits have been transferred. The order of transfer does not record that
  the suits are being transferred for settlement. As the agreement to F
  settle the suits has not fructified, the respondent does not want the
  suits to be tried in the High Court. The appellant states that there was
 no such agreement that the suits would be settled. There was,
  undoubtedly, a possibility for the suits being settled and the counsel
 for the appellant stated that the suits could more easily be settled in
 the High Court. On the basis that there was some such kind of agree- G
 ment and it is desirable that the suits should be tried by an appropriate
 Court having jurisdiction, the High Court has remitted the suits back
 to the City Civil Court. There is no doubt that the· City Civil Court is
 the appropriate Court and that there existed the agreement which, as
·.recorded iii the order of the Court, does not indicate that it was on the
 basis that the suits would be ·settled. There arelfactors indicating that H
      210         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (1988] Supp. 2 S.C.R.

A the purpose of justice would be met if the suits are tned in the High
      Court. Undoubtedly, the written statement has been long delayed in
      the suit in 1985 and the same has not yet been filed.
           The disposal ot the suits by the High Court, would serve the
    purpose of justice. It would shorten litigation in the sense that there
$ would be lesser number of appeals to the higher Court and the possi-
    bility of settlement is there in the High Court more than anywhere
    else·. Suits are likely to be more expeditiously disposed of under the
    supervision of the High Court Judge than before the learned City Civil
    Court or the Court subordinate to High Court. Hence, even though
    initially the agreement to transfer might have been on the basis that
    the suit< should be settled but the agreement to transfer was
<I: note unequivocal. The possibility of settlement might have been the moti-
    vation. But the High Court has, undoubtedly, for the purpose of
     justice rightly power to dispose of the suits and in the facts of this case,
     in our opinion, having once transferred the suits, it would be just and
     fair and would also serve the purpose of justice that the suits should
ID continue to be disposed of by the High Court. The purpose of justice
     must be determined by reference to the circumstances of each case and
     the balance of convenience having regard to those circumstances, is
     one of the matters for consideration.
             Counsel for the respondent contended under .Art. 136 of the
       Constitution that it is not an order which should be interfered with. We are
 t.    unable to agree. It is true that the suits are at a preliminary stage but it is
       also true that for the purpose of justice the Court, if possible, must
       oversee the administration of justice by the different Courts and the
       orders passed therein by the High Courts as well as the City Civil
       Courts.
         In that view of the matter we think that the purpose of justice
 F  would be served by directing expeditious disposal of these suits by the
    High Court. In the premises the order of the High Court is set aside
    and let these two suits be heard by the High Court one after the other.
    The written statement as mentioned hereinbefore, has not been filed.
    The written statement, if any, by the respondent may be filed within
    four weeks from today and further directions for expeditious disposal
 (; may be obtamed from the learned Judge taking these suits. Let these
    suits appear before the appropriate Bench in the High Court of
    Calcutta.
              The appeal is disposed of as.aforesaid. No order as to costs.

  H N.P.V.                                                      Appeal disposed of.