A.M. KUNHIKOYA@ KOYAversusSTTE OF KERALA

A                       A.M. KUNHIKOYA@ KOYA
                                        v.
                             STATE OF KERALA

                                MARCH 26, 1993

B                  [DR. A.S. ANAND AND N.P. SINGH, JJ.]


           Indian Penal Code-Sections 148, 149, 302, 304 Part II and 323-Ap-
    pellant-Taking into account evidence of PWs and circumstances of
    case-Held appellant had knowledge that injury was likely to cause death-No
C   intention to cause death of victim.

          The appellant along with others was tried for offences under Section
    302 read with Sections 148, 149 and 323 of the Indian Penal Code.

          The case of the prosecution was that on 16.9.80 Mammed Kutty at
D   6.00 a.m. in the morning pelted stones at the house of the deceased. At
    about 12.00 noon while Mammed Kutty and his brother Abdulla Kutty
    were passing in front of the house of the deceased, a protest was made by
    the deceased in respect of the morning incident which was denied.

          At about 2.00 p.m. when the deceased was sitting with his wife (PW
E   4) and others on the varandah of his house, 5 persons including the
    appellant came to his courtyard and challenged him to come out, if he
    wanted to beat Mammed Kutty and Abdulla. The deceased stepped out
    into his courtyard and asked the accused persons not to create a scene,
    when the appellant and the other accused gave some blows to the deceased
F   on his hand. Thereafter the deceased raised his hand to give a blow to the
    appellant, when the appellant took out a dagger from .his waist and gave
    an injury on the upper part of the chest of the deceased near the left
    shoulder and above the armpit. The deceased ran towards the house of
    PWl and fell on the varandah. Therefore, the accused persons escaped.
G   The victim was removed to the Medical Hospital where he was examined
    by PW 9, but soon thereafter expired.

         The F.I.R. was lodged at 7.15 p.m. and after investigation the char-
    gesheet was submitted against the five accused persons. At the trial the
    prosecution examined 4 eye witnesses, PWl to PW4, and PW8 the doctor
H   who held the post mortem examination.
                                       692
               A.M.KUNHIKOYAv. STATEOFKERALA                              693

      The trial court on consideration of the materials on record came to A
the conclusion that the charges levelled against the accused persons had
not been established beyond all reasonable doubt, and on that finding
acquitted all the accused including the appellant. Great importance was
attached to the injury found on the per; m of Abdulla and adverse in-
ference was drawn against the prosecution case.
                                                                                  B
       On appeal by the State, the High Court convicted the appellant
under Section 302 and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment
for life. Another accused (Alavi) was convicted under Section 323 of the
Penal Code and sentenced to payment of line of Rs. 250. The acquittal of
the remaining 3 accused persons by the Trial Court was affirmed. The              C
High Court held that mere non disclosure of the superficial injuries on the
person of Abdulla even if those injuries had been caused in the same
occurrence, do not in any manner affect the presecution case.

      In the appeal to this court it was contended on behalf or the appel-
Iants that the statements made in the First Information Report, the D
evidence of the eye witnesses in connection with the morning incident of
pelting of stones, show that it was a concoction and that none had pelted
any stone on the house of the deceased, and that if this part of the
prosecution case is disbelieved then it has a bearing on the main occur-
rence itself. It. was further submitted, that the prosecution had suppressed      E
the real manner of occurrence in as much as Abdulla was first assaulted
by the prosecution party on the same day at about 1.30 p.m. and that he
was hospitalised after receiving the injuries, reliance being placed on the
evidence of DWI who had stated that he had examined the injuries on the
person or Abdulla on 16.9.80 at 4.30 p.m.
                                                                                  f
      Allowing the appeal in part, this Court,

       HELD: 1. It is well settled that if the evidence of the eye witnesses is
held to be reliable and inspires confidence then the accused cannot be
acquitted solely on the ground that some superficial injuries found on the        G
person of the accused concerned, had not been explained by the prosecu-
tion. [696 HJ

      In the instant case, so far as the four eye witness are _concerned they
have been named in the FIR. The FIR was lodged at 7.15 p.m., the same
evening, within two hours of the death or the victim. The FIR mentions the H
                                                                                    11

    694                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (1993) 2 S.C.R.

A   details of the occurrence, and the version disclosed therein had been
    supported by the eye witness before the Court. No reason has been shown
    as to why the evidence of these P.Ws should not be accepted. (697 CJ

          2. The prosecution has admitted that the accused persons were not
    carrying any weapon in their hands and during the protest made, a sudden
B   quarrel and fight took place between the prosecution party and the accused
    persons. This part of the version bad been admitted at the trial by the
    eye-witnesses in their evidence, who also stated that first the appellant and
    the other co-accused gave blows on the hand of the deceased and that the
    knife blow was given by the appellant when the deceased was trying to give
C   a counter blow to the appellant. (697 F)

           In view of the admitted position that a sudden fight and quarrel
    preceded the giving of the knife blow by the appellant to the victim which in
    all probability was given not while the victim and the appellant were stand-
    ing/ face to face but duri'lg struggle between-them, causing tailing of the
D   injury, it shall not be just and proper to hold that the appellant had an
    intention to cause the death of the victim, but only knowledge that injury
    which he was causing was likely to cause death. In such a circumstance it is
    not possible to uphold the conviction of appellant under Section 302 of the
    Indian Penal Code. It is therefore set aside, and the appellant convicted
E   under Section 304 Part II of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to undergo
    rigorous imprisonment for 7 years. (697 H,698 A-CJ

          CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
    818 of 1985. · ,

F        From the Judgment and Order dated 4.7.1985 of tlie Kerala High
    Court in Criminal Appeal No. 251 of 1982.

          P.S. Poti and Ms. Malini Poduval for the Appellant.

          M.T. George for the Respondent.
G
          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          N.P, SINGH, J. The appellant along with others was put on trial for
    offences under sections 302 read with 149, 148, 323 of the Penal Code on
    the charge of committing the murder of Moideen Kutty (hereinafter
H   referred to as the deceased), The Trial Court on consideration of the
         AM. KUNH!KOYA v. STATEOFKERALA[SINGH,J.]                       695

materials on record came to the conclusion that the charges levelled against   A
the accused persons have not been established, beyond all reasonable
doubt and on that finding acquitted the appellant as well others. On appeal
being filed on behalf of the State of Kerala the High Court convicted the
appellant under section 302 of the Penal Code and sentenced him to
undergo rigorous imprisonment for life. So far another accused Alavi who       B
had been acquitted by the Trial Court was also convicted by the High Court
under section 323 of the Penal Code and sentenced to pay a fine of Rs.
250 and in default thereof to suffer simple imprisonment for a term of one
month. The acquittal of other accused persons was affirmed by the High
Court by dismissal of the appeal against them.
                                                                               c
       The case of the prosecution is that on 16.9.1980 Mammed Kutty at
6.00 A.M. in the morning pelted stones at the house of the de~ed. At
about 1200 in the noon while Mammed Kutty and his brother Abdulla
Kutty were passing in front of the house of the deceased, a protest was
made by the deceased in respect of the morning incident. They denied that      D
any stone had been pelted by them. It is the further case of the prosecution
that at about 2 P.M. while the deceased was sitting with his wife (PW4)
and others on the varandah of his house, five persons including the appel-
lant came to his courtyard and challenged him to come out, if he wanted
to beat aforesaid Mammed Kutty and Abdulla. The deceas~d stepped out
into his courtyard and asked the accused persons not to create a scene. At     E
this the appelhnt and the other accused (since acquitted) gave some blows
to the deceased on his hand. Thereafter the deceas.ed raised his hand to
give a blow to the appellant. At this very moment, the appellant took out
a dagger from his waist and gave an injury on the upper part of the chest
of the deceased near the left shoulder and above the armpit. The deceased      F
ran towards the house of PWl and fell on the varandah. Thereafter the
accused persons escaped. The victim was removed to the Medical Hospital,
Calicut, where he was examined by PW9. Bu.t soon thereafter he expired.
The First Information Report was lodged at 7.15 P.M. After investigation
the charge sheet was submitted against five accused persons.
                                                                               G
      At the trial prosecution examined four eye witnesses PWl to PW4.
The doctor who held the post mortem examination was examined as PWS.
He found only one incised penetrating wound vertically placed on the front
of left shoulder above the left armpit "tailing 6 cm. in length running
towards from the lower sharp end." According to his opinion, 'The man H
    696                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [1993] 2 S.C.R.

A died because the artery was cut. .... Tl.is injury became dangerous only
    because it cut the artery..... " In the cross examination PW8 stated that it
    was impossible to cause an injury like one which was found on the person
    of the 'ictim by the assailant standing in front of the victim. He also stated     '
    that the tailing of the injury show that either the knife was dragged after
B   stabing or that the injury was cause~ during the course of the struggle.
    According to him, if the accused had given a direct blow, as is normallx
    done, there would not have been the tailing of the injury.

           The learned counsel appearing for the appellant placed the state-
    ment made in the First Information Report, the evidence of the eye
C   witnesses, in.connection with the morning incident of pelting of stones, to
    show that it was a concoction and none had pelted any stone on the house
    of the deceased. Acceding to the learned counsel, if this part of the
    prosecution case is disbelieved then it shall have a bearing on the main
    occurrence itself. It was also pointed out that the prosecution has sup-
D   pressed real manner of occurrence in as much as one Abdulla on the side
    of the accused persons was first assaulted by the prosecution party on the
    same day at about 1.30 P.M. and he was hospitalised after having received
    the injuries. That incident was an integral part of the occurrence which has
    not been disclosed by the prosecution. In this connection our attention was
    drawn to the evidence of DWl who has stated that he had examined the
E   injuries on the person of one Abdulla on 16.9.1980 at 4.30 P.M. and found
    three injuries on his person, (i) A contusion on the left shoulder 4 x 2 cm,
    (ii) abrasion below the right collar bone 3 x 5 cm. and (iii) inj1iry on the
    outer side of the left ankle 4 x 3 cm. He has also stated that the said
    Abdulla had alleged that he had been assaulted with a wooden stick at 1.30
F   P.M. the same day.

          The Trial Court while acquitting the accused persons has attached
    great importance to the injury found on the person of aforesaid Abdulla
    and has dra\\'U adverse inference against the prosecution case. The High
    Court has rightly pointed out that merely non-disclosure of the aforesaid
G   superficial injuries on the person of Abdulla even if those injuries had been
    caused in the same occurrence, shall not in any manner affect the prosecu-
    tion case: It is well-settled that if the evidence of the eye witnesses are held
    to be reliable and inspire confidence then the accused cannot be acquitted
    solely on the ground that some superficial injuries found on the person of
H   the accused concerned, had not been explained by the prosecution.
         A.M. KUNHIKOYA 1-. STATEOFKERALA [SINGH,J.]                    697

      According to us, if the evidence of four eye witnesses including the     A
e'idence of the son and the wife of the deceased are accepted as reliable
and trust worthy then the prosecution case cannot be rejected merely on
the ground that the incident of pelting of the stones on behalf of the
accused in the early morning had not been proved or established or that
some minor injuries on the person of Abdulla caused in the same occur·
rence had not been disclosed and explained by the prosecution.
                                                                               B

      So far the four eye witnesses arc concerned they have been named
in the First Information Report. The First Information Report was lodged
at 7.15 P.M. the same evening, within two hours of the death of, the 'ictim.
In the First Information Report the details of the occurrence was men-         c
tioned. The version disclosed in the First Information Report has been
supported by the eye witnesses before the Court. The learned counsel
appearing for the appellant could not point out any reason why their
evidence against the appellant should not be accepted. It may be pointed
out that in the First Information Report itself PW!, the informant, stated     D
Lhat this appellant came lo the house of the deceased and challenged him
as to who was there to beat Abdulla and Muhammed Kutty. He further
stated that having heard this the deceased moved towards them and asked
them to go back. At that very moment this appellant and the other
co-accused Alavi gave him blows on his hand. Thereafter the deceased
tried to give counter blow to the appellant. Then the appellant took out a     E
knife from his waist and gave a .blow from the said knife. to the deceased
at his left collar bone. The prosecution very fairly admitted that accused
persons were not carrying any weapon i~ their hands and during the protest
made, a sudden quarrel and fight took place between the prosecution party
and the accused persons. Even ~t trial evidence the eye witnesses have         F
admitted this part of the version and have stated that first the appellant
and .the other co-accused gave blows on the hand of the deceased. The
knife blow was given hy the appellant when the deceased was trying to give
a counter blow to the appellant.

      There is no dispute that the appellant suddenly took out the knife G
during the course of the quarrel and fight from his waist. From the
evidence of doctor PW8 referred to above it appears that injury aforesaid
could not have been caused by the assaillant standing in front of the victim.
It could have been caused only during the struggle. In view of the admitted
position that a sudden fight and quarrel preceded the giving of the knife H
    698                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (1993] 2 S.C.R.

A   blow by the appellant to the victim which in all probablities was given not
    while the victim and the appellant were standing face to face but during a
    struggle between them, causing tailing of the injury, it shall not be just and
    proper to hold that appellant had an intention to cause the death of the
    victim. Taking the evidence of the witnesses along with circumstances of
    the case, according to us, the appellant had the knowledge that injury which
B   he was causing was likely to cause death but he had no intention to cause
    the death of the victim. In such a circumstances it is not possible to uphold
    the conviction of the appellant under section 302 of the Penal Code.
    Accordingly, the conviction and sentence passed against the appellant
    under section 302 of the Penal Code are set-aside. The appellant is
C   convicted under section· 304 part II of the Penal Code and sentenced to
    undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven years. The appeal is allowed in
    part to the extent indicated above. The bail bond is cancelled.

    N.V.K.                                                Appeal partly allowed.




                                                                                     .}--   -