Holding

The Ex‑Servicemen (Reservation of Vacancies in H.P. Judicial Service) Rules, 1981 were framed without the constitutionally required effective consultation with the High Court and are therefore ultra vires and void, rendering the seniority benefits based on them invalid.

Summary

A.C. Thalwal, a former Air Force officer, joined the Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service under the ex‑servicemen quota and sought to have his 11 years of approved military service counted for seniority and pay fixation under the Ex‑Servicemen (Reservation of Vacancies in H.P. Judicial Service) Rules, 1981. The High Court initially granted the benefit, but later orders were challenged in writ petitions on the ground that the 1981 Rules were framed without the mandatory consultation with the High Court as required by Article 234 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court held that the consultation mandated by Article 234 must be meaningful and that the Governor had failed to consult the High Court, rendering the 1981 Rules ultra vires and void. Consequently, the High Court's orders granting seniority based on those Rules were struck down, though the benefit of pay fixation and appointment under the ex‑servicemen quota remained untouched. The Court dismissed the appeals but allowed Thalwal to retain his present post as a special case until he becomes eligible for promotion, subject to High Court approval. The decision underscores the constitutional requirement of effective consultation in the framing of reservation rules for judicial services.

Issues considered

The validity of the Ex‑Servicemen (Reservation of Vacancies in H.P. Judicial Service) Rules, 1981 under Article 234 of the Constitution.
Whether the High Court's consultation with the Governor was mandatory and, if so, whether it was effectively carried out.
The effect of the voidness of the 1981 Rules on the seniority and pay fixation benefits granted to the appellant.
The applicability of the doctrine of finality to the High Court's earlier orders granting benefits.

Legislation cited

Constitution of Indias. Article 234, s. Article 309

Subjects

Article 234consultationreservation rulesex‑servicemensenioritypay fixationultra viresjudicial servicehigh courtconstitutional validity

Judgment

A A.C. THALWAL
v.
HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AND ORS.

AUGUST 17, 2000

B [DR. A.S. ANAND, CJ., R.C. LAHOTI AND K.G. J3ALAKRISHNAN, JJ.)

.Constitution of India-Article 234-Consultation with the High Courts-
Appellant claimed benefit of seniority and pay fixation on the basis of
Reservation Rules notified against opinion of the Full Court-Benefit given as
c per order of the High Court-Writ petition filed against decision dismissed,
thereafter SLP also dismissed-Further benefit also granted by High Court
which was again challenged by two sets of writ petitions questioning validity
of the Reservation Rules-Writ Petitions allowed-On appeal Held, consulta-
tion contemplated is not a mere formality, it has to be effective and meaning-
ful-High Court possesses requisite expertise and experience to be assigned
D a place of primacy in the process of consultation-Reservation Rules are ultra
vires, hence ineffective and unenforceable, the previous orders giving benefit
of seniority and pay fixation struck down-Continuance in present post held
by appellant allowed as a special case till appellant becomes eligible for the
same, subject to consideration and approval of High Court-Service Law-
E Ex-Servicemen (Reservation of Vacancy in Fl.P.J.S.) Rules, 1981.

The appellant served in the Air Force till 1980 and then joined as
Sub-Judge - Judicial Magistrate in 1983 under ex-servicemen quota. He
claimed benefit of 11 years of approved military service in pay fixation and
seniority under the Ex-Servicemen (Reservation of Vacancy in H.P.J.S.)
F Rules, 1981 through representation made to the High Court. The said rules
had been notified and implemented by the State Government without
considering the opinion expressed in a Full Court meeting of the High
Court, in an earlier reference, which was against reservation in judicial
services. However, the representation was allowed on 1.11.91 and he was
G placed at the bottom of the 1974 batch of judicial officers. A writ petition
was filed against the decision and it was dismissed by the Division Bench of
the High Court. This Court also dismissed the SLP filed against that order.

The appellant made another representation as his placement in fact
resulted in a benefit of about 10 years and not of 11 years. This representa-
H tion was also allowed on 6.8.93 and he was placed at the top of 1974 batch
428

J
A.C. THALWAL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. 429
of judicial officers. A

Tuo writ petitions were filed by judicial officers who were affected
by the said orders. Division Bench allowed the writ petitions but did not
disturb the appellant's pay fixation and his appointment under the re-
served quota. Hence this appeal.
B
Appellant contended that the order dated 1.11.91 had achieved final-
ity after the dismissal of the SLP and, therefore, the benefit thereunder
cannot be denied to him.

Dismissing the appeals, the Court
c
HELD : 1. The Division Bench of the High Court in its judgment
under appeal has recorded a finding, based on the material available as
well on the records available in the Registry of the High Court, that the
Reservation Rules, 1981 were never referred by the Governor to the High
Court, which had never had any occasion to consider the Rules and there
D
was no consultation much less effective and meaningful consultation by the
State Government, with the High Court as contemplated by Article 234 of
the Constitution in so far as the Reservation Rules, 1981 are concerned,
and, therefore, the preamble of the rules is factually incorrect. [436-A-B]

2. The consultation contemplated by Article 234 of the Constitution is E
not a matter of mere formality; it has to be meaningful and effective. Judi-
·cial services have to be independent of execution influence and so the Con-
stitution has placed them on a pedestal different from other services under
the State. The constitutional scheme aims at securing an independent judi-
ciary, which is the bulwark of democracy. The status which the High Court
as an institution enjoys in the constitutional scheme and the expertise and
F
the experience which it possesses command with justification a place of pri-
macy being assigned to it in the process of consultation. [436-D-E]

Supreme Court Advocaf.qs-on-Record Association and Ors. v. Union of
India, [1993] 4 SCC 441; Chandramou/eshwar Prasad v. The Patna High G
Court and Ors., A.I.R. (1970) SC 370; Hari Datt Kainthla and Am: v. State of
Himachal Pradesh and Ors., A.I.R. (1980) SC 1426, relied on.

3. The first writ petition against the appellant was not filed in a repre-
sentative capacity and the private respondents in this appeal were not joined
as parties; therefore that judgment cannot, on any principle of law, bind H

\
430 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2000] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.
A them. Moreover, the decision in the first writ petition was based on a fallacy
going to the root of the matter as the Division Bench proceeded on an erro·
neous assumption that the constitutional validity of the Reservation Rules,
1981 was upheld by the Full Bench of the High Court. (437-F·H]

B Mohiruler Kumar Sood v. H.P. Public Service Commission and Ors.,
A.I.R. (1982) H.P. 78, referred to.

4. The Reservation Rules, 1981 having been framed by the Governor
without consultation with the High Court of Himachal Pradesh are ultra
vires the constitution and hence ineffective and unenforceable in view of
c Article 234 of the Constitution. All that was done by the State Government
was to refer an amendment in the Reservation Rules, 1975 for the opinion
of the High Court so as to seek its opinion on the proposed extension in the
life thereof. The proposal of the State Government did not meet the ap·
proval of the High Court. The disapproval was conveyed. Thereafter, there
D was no correspondence and no reference by the State Government to the
High Court. Even the proposed extension of the life of the Reservation
Rules, 1975 could not be said to have satisfied the test of mandatory
consultation with the High Court. In the matter of Reservation Rules of
1981 even that much formality was not done. Reservation Rules, 1981 are
E ultra vires the Constitution and hence void and have been rightly struck
down as such by the High Court. The orders dated 1.11.1991 and 6.8.1993
passed by the High Court of Himachal Pradesh giving benefit of eleven
years of approved military service to the appellant have also been rightly
struck down by the High Court. [436-H; 437-A-C; 438-C; D]

F 5. The impugned judgment has not disturbed the earlier order of the
High Court which gave the appellant benefit of the period spent in ap·
proved military service being counted for the purpose of pay fixation and
seniority and as no appeal has been filed against that part of the judgment,
the dismissal of this appeal would not prejudice the appellant in this
G regard. He is allowed to retain his present post, as a special case, until the
time he would otherwise become eligible to hold the same, subject to the
consideration and approval of the High Court. [438-E; 439-C]

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 9389-90 of
H 1995.

f
A.C. THALWAL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 431
From the Judgment and Order dated 17 .11.94 of the Himachal Pradesh A
High Court in C.W.P. Nos. 1184/93 and 168 of 1994.

Gopal Subramaniam and P.P. Rao, P.K. Goswami, S. Vallinayagam, S.
Muralidhar, Sanjay K. Shandilya, Kailash Vasdev, Naresh K. Sharma, Shiv
Pujan Singh, Rajiv Mehta, R. Rahim and Ms. Vanita Sahni for the appearing
parties. B

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

R.C. LAHOTI, J. A.C. Thalwal, the appellant was born on 15th Sep-
tember, 1948. On 11.11.1965 he joined the Indian Air Force. On lst December, C
1980 he was released from the Air Force. For a short period betweP,n February,
1981 and January 1984, the appellant served as a cashier in the Punjab National
Bank. The appellant did his graduation in the year 1971 and post graduation
in 1973. He passed the LL.B. examination in the year 1976.

In the year 1983, the High Court of Himachal Pradesh invited applica- D
tions for recruitment to 12 posts in Himachal Judicial Service, out of which 2
posts were reserved for ex-servicemen. The appellant made an application
seeking appointment in the said quota of ex- servicemen. He was selected. On
1.2.1984 he joined the Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service as Sub Judge-cum-
Judicial Magistrate. E

Having joined the judicial service the appellant made a representation to
the High Court submitting that the Ex-Servicemen (Reservation of Vacancies
in the Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service) Rules, 1981, hereinafter 'Reserva-
tion Rules, 1981' for short, provided for the period spent in approved military
service, which was 11 years in the case of the appellant, being counted towards F
the Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service for the purpose of fixing pay and
seniority. By an order dated 31.8.1989 the High Court fixed the pay of the
appellant by giving him credit of 11 years approved military service. All the
increments which the appellant would have been entitled to, if he would have
spent the period of approved military service in Himachal Pradesh Judicial
G
Service, were released to him. However, as the High Court had not fixed the
appellant's seniority by giving him the benefit of the period spent in approved
military service by counting the same fictionally as having been spent in
Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service, the appellant made further representations
in the year 1990 claiming such benefit. The High Court of Himachal Pradesh
invited objections of all concerned to the claim made by the appellant. On H
432 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2000] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A 1.11.1991, having considered the objections preferred and after affording
opportunity of hearing to all such as wished to be heard, the High Court by its
decision dated 1.11.1991 allowed the representati~ns made by the appellant. He
was given the benefit of the period spent in approved military service being
counted for the purpose of seniority in Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service. He
was placed at the bottom of the 1974 batch of judicial officers. Prior to the
B
abovesaid decision of the High Court the appellant was placed at SI. No. 43
of the seniority list issued in December, 1990. As a result of his representations
having been accepted, in terms of the order dated 1.11.1991 passed by the High
Court the appellant stepped up to SI. No. 13 of the said seniority list.

c One George, who was then a Senior Sub Judge-cum-Chief Judicial
Magistrate, filed Civil Writ Petition No. 693 of 1991 laying challenge to the
seniority assigned to the appellant. The constitutional validity of the Rules
granting benefit of seniority to the judicial officers recruited in the quota of ex-
servicemen as also the legal validity of the order dated 1.11.1991 were chal-
lenged. It is pertinent to note that the only persons impleaded as respondents
D in the petition filed by George were A.C. Thalwal (the appellant herein), the
State of Himachal Pradesh and the High Court of Himachal Pradesh. Other
judicial officers who were above Thalwal and became below him as a conse-
quence of the order dated 1.11.1991 passed by the High Court were not joined
as parties to the petition. It appears that the respondents therein also did not
E raise any objection as to non-joinder of such partie>. By judgment dated
10.6.1992 the Division Bench of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh dis-
missed George's petition.

A perusal of the judgment of the High Court shows that the Division
Bench was persuaded to accept the constitutional validity of Reservation Rules,
F 1981 on the assumption that the same was no more res integra as having been
already upheld by the Full Bench of that High Court in Mohinder Kumar Sood
v. H.P. Public Service Commission and Others, AIR (1982) HP 78. The Divi-
sion Bench also found nothing wrong in the benefit of the period spent in
approved military service being given in judicial service of Himachal Pradesh
because the same was contemplated by Rules. Aggrieved by the judgment of
G
the High Court, George filed a petition seeking special leave to appeal before
this court. On 26.11.1992 the SLP was dismissed by a non· speaking order. The
judgment of the High Court was implemented. Seniority was already assigned
to the appellant. In view of the appellant's seniority having been stepped up,
he was appointed as Senior Sub-Judge-cum-Chief Judicial Magistrate on
H 15.12.1992.
A.C. THALWAL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. [R.C. LAHOTI, J .] 433
It appears that the placement of the appellant at the bottom of 1974 batch A
of judicial officers under order of the High Court dated 1.11.1991 had in effect
resulted in a benefit of about 10 years of approved military service being given
to the appellant. He once again made a representation for giving him the benefit
of full 11 years of approved military service for the purpose of seniority. On
6.8.1993 the representation was considered by the Full Court and accepted.
B
Consequent upon the benefit of 11 years of approved military service having
been allowed to the appellant he was placed at the top of 1974 batch of judicial
officers.

In August, 1993, two Writ Petitions came to be filed by two sets of
judicial officers adversely affected by the orders of the High Court and the C
action taken pursuant thereto resulting in stepping up of the seniority of the
appellant Thalwal. C.W.P. 1184 of 1993 was filed on 19.8.1993 by 14 judicial
officers some of whom were District & Sessions Judges, some were Additional
District Judges and some were Chief Judicial Magistrates. C.W.P. 168 of 1994
was filed by 9 judicial officers, all Senior Sub Judge-cum-Chief Judicial
Magistrates (or holding equivalent posts/offices). In these two writ petitions, D
challenge was laid to both the orders of the High Court dated l.11.1991 and
6.8.1993. Constitutional validity of Reservation Rules, 1981 was also put in
issue in these two writ petitions on the ground that the Rules have been framed
by the State Government without consulting the High Court of Himachal
Pradesh as required by Article 234 of the Constitution and, therefore, they have E
no validity. The pleas raised by the writ petitioners have been upheld by the
Division Bench of the High Court and the two impugned orders of the High
Court and consequent action of stepping up of the seniority of the appellant
have been ordered to be struck down. The Division Bench has, however,
clarified that the benefit of pay fixation allowed to the appellant and hi.s
appointment in reserved quota of ex-anny personnel were not being touched
F
or disturbed. The a~rieved appellant has preferred these two appeals by
special leave.

Recruitment to judicial services in the State of Himachal Pradesh is
governed by H.P. Judicial Service Rules, 1973 framed by the Governor in G
consultation with the High Court and in exercise of the powers conferred by
Article 234 read with Article 309 of the Constitution of India. These rules do
not make any provision for reservation in favour of scheduled castes, scheduled
tribes and other backward classes. These rules also do not contemplate reser-
vation in the category of ex-army personnel. Full Bench of High Court of
Himachal Pradesh in Mnhinder Kumar Snod v. H.P. Public Service Cnmmission H
434 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2000] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.
A and Others, AIR (1982) HP 78 has held that ex-army personnel is a e;ategory
covered by 'other backward classes'. In the appeal before us we are not called
upon to express any opinion on this view of the law taken by the Full Bench
of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh. We will, for the purpose of this appeal,
only assume the permissibility of such reservation. However, the fact remains
that the H.P. Judicial Service Rules do not anywhere provide for any entrant
B
in the judicial service in any reserved category being given any extra benefit
in calculating or fixing seniority. These rules provide for seniority being as-
signed by calculating the length of service from the date of entry in service.
It was conceded at Bar that in so far as the appellant Thalwal is concerned, the
period spent by him in approved military service being counted for the purpose
c of fixing seniority in judicial service could have been done only by reference
to Reservation Rules of 1981. We would, therefore, proceed to examine the
validity of these rules.

The Demobilised Indian Armed Forces (Reservation of Vacancies in H.P.
Judicial Service) Rules, 1975 were framed by the Governor in consultation
D with the High Court of Himachal Pradesh. These rules came into force on
28.4.1975, the date of their publication in the Government Gazette. The life of
these rules was five years, expiring in April 1980. Sub-Rule (1) of Rule 4
provided for the period of approved military service rendered after attaining
the minimum age prescribed for the appointment to the H.P. Judicial Service
E by the candidates appointed against reserved vacancies under Rule 2 (i.e. the
approved military service) shall count towards fixation of pay and seniority in
that service.

The life of the 1975 Rules expired in April, 1980. The State Government
proposed to extend the life of these rules and for that purpose made a reference
F to the High Court on 29th November, 1980 seeking approval of the High Court
to the proposed extension of the rules. The relevant part of the letter stated:-
"It is proposed to extend these Rules upto 31st December, 1982 as per
draft amendment (copy enclosed). It is requested that the approval of
the High Court/Public Service Commission may kindly be obtained
G and conveyed to this department immediately."
The amendment enclosed with the letter proposed substitution of Sub- Rule (2)
of Rule l in the Rules of 1975 so as to read as under:-
"(2) These shall come into force on the 28th day of April 1975, and
H shall not remain in force after the 3 lst day of December, 1982."'
A.C. THALWAL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 435
..
The matter came up for consideration in the Full Court Meeting of the A
High Court on 6th March, 1981. The Full Court, having given its serious
consideration to the proposal, placed on record its opinion that it would not be
in the interest of judiciary to agree to any further reservation. The opinion of
the High Court was communicated to the State Government. What happened
thereafter is something strange. On 1st August, 1981 the Government of
B
Himachal Pradesh notified in the Government Gazette a fresh set of rules
entitled the Ex- Servicemen (Reservation of Vacancies in the H.P. Judicial
Service) Rules, 1981. Rule 5(1) of these Rules provides for the period of
approved military service rendered after attaining the minimum age prescribed
for appointment to the H.P. Judicial Service by the candidates appointed against
reserved vacancies under Rule 3 (which includes the ex-servicemen) shall C
count towards fixation of pay and seniority in that service. The Preamble of
the Rules states as under :-

"In exercise of the powers conferred by the provisio to article 309 read
with :rrticle 234 of the Constitution of India and all other powers
D
enabling him in this behalf, the Governor, Himachal Pradesh, in co11-
sulta1ion with the High Court of Himachal Pradesh and the Himachal
Pradesh Public Service Commission, hereby makes the following rules
regulating the reservation of vacancies in the Himachal Pradesh Judi-
cial Service for the Ex- Servicemen, Namely:-"
E
[emphasis supplied]

The publication of the Reservation Rules, 1981 was brought to the notice
of the High Court. It was viewed with concern. On 28.8.1981 the Full Court
passed the following resolution:-
F
"The Full Court views with grave concern the fact that whereas the
Government sought 'approval of the High Court' to the proposed
amendment vide its letter No. 7-5170-DP.(Apptt.11) dated 29th Novem-
ber, 1980 and though the Court vide its resolution dated 6th March,
1981 did not agree to the proposed amendment, still the Government G
has enforced the proposed amendment.

The Registry is directed to convey the same to the Government."

The Government gave no response. However, it continued to make
reservation for ex-servicemen under these Rules. H
436 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2000] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A The Division Bench of the High Court in its judgment under appeal has
recorded a finding, based on the material available as well as on the records
available in the Registry of the High Court, that these Reservation Rules, 1981
were never referred by the Governor to the High Court and the High Court had
never had any occasion to consider the Rules. In short, there was no consul-
tation much less effective and meaningful consultation by the State Govern-
B
ment with the High Court as contemplated by Article 234 of the Constitution
in so far as the Reservation Rules, 1981 are concerned. The preamble of the
rules is factually incorrect.

Article 234 of the Constitution of India provides for appointments to the
C judicial service of the State (excluding District Judges) to be made by the
Governor of the State in accordance with the Rules made by him in that bahalf
after consultation with the State Public Service Commission and the High
Court of the State. The consultation is mandatory. The consultation contem-
plated by Article 234 is not a matter of mere formality; it has to be meaningful
and effective. Judicial services have to be independent of executive influence
D
and so the Constitution has placed them on a pedestal different from other
services under the State. The constitutional scheme aims at securing an inde-
pendent judiciary which is the bulwark of democracy. The status which the
High Court as an institution enjoys in the constitutional scheme and the exper-
tise and the experience which it possesses of judicial services command with
E justification a place of primacy being assigned to the High Court in the process
of consultation. As observed by the Constitution Bench in Supreme Court
Advocates-on-Record Association and Ors. v. Union of India, [ 1993] 4 SCC
441 the High Court assumes primacy because of its being best equipped to
discharge the greater burden in the process of consultation contemplated by
p Article 234 of the Constitution; it is not a question of determining who between
the two constitutional functionaries is entitled to greater importance or to take
the winner's prize at the end of the debate. Reference may also be had to the
law laid down by tbis Court in Clwndramnuleshwar Prasad v. The Patna High
Court and Ors., AIR ( 1970) SC 370 and Hari Datt Kainthla and Anr. v. State
of Himachal Pradesh and Ors., AIR ( 1980) SC 1426. Rules regarding consul-
G tation with the High Court must at the proposal stage be made available to the
High Court so that after study, scrutiny and reflection the High Court may be
able to offer its advice to the Governor.

The Reservation Rules, 1981 having been framed by the Governor with-
H out consultation with the High Court of Himachal Pradesh are ultra vires the
A.C. THALWAL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 437
Constitution and hence ineffective and unenforceable in view of Article 234 A
of the Constitution. All that was done by the State Government was to refer
an amendment in the Reservation Rules, 1975 for the opinion of the High Court
so as to seek its opinion on the proposed extension in the life thereof. The.
proposal of the State Government did not meet the approval of the High Court.
The disapproval was conveyed to the State Government. Thereafter there was
B
no correspondence and no reference by the State Government to the
High Court. Even the proposed extension of the life of the Reservation
Rules, 1975 could not be said to have satisfied the test of mandatory consul-
tation with the High Court. In the matter of Reservation Rules of 1981 even
that much formality was not done. The Division Bench of High Court is,
therefore, absolutely right in forming the opinion that these Rules are void and c
a nullity.

In as much as the Reservation Rules, 1981 are ultra vires the Constitu-
tion, the orders of the High Court giving benefit of seniority to the appellant
automatically fall to the ground as the orders are based on the Reservation D
Rules of 1981. Shri Gopal Subramaniam, the learned senior counsel for the
appellant, submitted that the constitutional validity of the Reservation Rules, 1981
as well as the validity of the order dated 1.11.1991 have been uphela by the
High Court of Himachal Pradesh in its judgment dated 10.6.1992 disposing of
George's petition and that order having achieved a finality, the benefit available
to the appellant thereunder cannot be denied to him. We are not impressed. E
George's petition was not filed in a representative capacity. The petitioners in
the two writ petitions, the judgment passed wherein is under challenge before
us, were not joined as parties in the petition filed by George and, therefore, the
judgment in Georges case cannot, on any principle of law, bind the private
respondents before us (who were the writ petitioners in the two writ petitions F
filed before the High Court). The two writ petitions were filed in the year 1993
laying challenge to the seniority list of 1990 as modified in the year 1991. The
writ petitions are neither belated nor barred by the doctrine of !aches. The
decision in Georges case is based on a fallacy going to the root of the matter.
A perusal of the judgment dated 10.6.1992 in Georges case shows the Division
Bench having proceeded on an erroneous assumption that the constitutional G
validity of the Reservation Rules, 1981 was upheld by the Full Bench of the
High Court of Himachal Pradesh in Mohinder Kumar Sood's case. A perusal
of the Full Bench judgment in Mohinder Kumar Sood's case shows that the Full
Bench has nowhere upheld the constitutional validity of Reservation Rules,
1981. Though the issue was raised incidentally, the Full Bench noticed the H
438 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2000] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.
A relevant facts pointing out to the invalidity of the Rules for want of mandatory
consultation with the High Court as required by Article 234 of the Constitution.
However, the Full Bench left the matter at that as it held the reservation for ex-
servicemen in judicial services permissible by reference to Articles 16(4) and
29 of the Constitution of India. The Division Bench of the High Court was,
therefore, not excluded from now going into the merits of the challenge laid
B
to the constitutional validity of the Reservation Rules, 1981 and testing the
same on the touchstone of Article 234 of the Constitution.

For the foregoing reasons it is held that the Ex-Servicemen (Reservation
of Vacancies in the Himachal Pradesh Judicial Service) Rules, 1981 are ultra
c vires the Constitution and hence void. They have been rightly struck down as
such by the High Court. The orders dated 1.11.1991 and 6.8.1993 passed by
the High Court of Himachal Pradesh giving benefit of eleven years of approved
military service to the appellant have also been rightly struck down by the High
Court. No fault can be found with the judgment of the High Court. The appeals
are held liable to be dismissed.
D
However, we would like to make it clear that the High Court in its
impugned judgment has not disturbed that earlier order of the High Court
which'gave the 'appellant benefit of the period spent in approved military
service being counted for the purpose of pay fixation and the recruitment of
E the appellant to the service in the quota of ex-army personnel. No appeal has
been filed against that part of the judgment and that has achieved a finality.
Obviously the dismissal of this appeal would not prejudice the appellant in that
regard. The learned senior counsel for the appellant invited our attention to the
fact that the dismissal of this appeal may result in reversion of the appellant
from the post of Sr. Sub-Judge-cum-Chief Judicial Magistrate, which the
F
appellant is holding ever since 15.12.1992 for no fault of the appellant. He
submitted that the service record of the appellant is 'good' and he has been
satisfactorily discharging his duties as Sr. Sub-Judge-cum-Chief Judicial
Magistrate which post he may be allowed to retain until the time when he
would even otherwise become entitled to hold in spite of the benefit of seniority
G being denied to him. We find some substance in the submission. It was pointed
out at the Bar, during the course of hearing, that shortly the appellant would
be due and eligible for being considered for appointment on the post presently
held by him even if the benefit of 11 years seniority is denied to him. With a
view to balance equities and avoid any hardship to the appellant, it is directed
H that in spite of these appeals being dismissed and the judgment under appeal
A.C. THALWAL v. HIGH COURT OF H.P. [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 439
being implemented, the appellant shall continue to hold the post presently held A
by him. He shall be considered by the High Court for appointment by promo-
tion on the post of Sr. Sub-Judge-cum-Chief Judicial Magistrate or an equiva-
lent post at a point of time when he would become eligible for such consid-
eration pursuant to the judgment under appeal of the High Court. If he is found
fit for such promotion, he shall be so promoted and for future his seniority ,in
B
the cadre of Sr. Sub-Judge-cum-Chief Judicial Magistrate shall be reckoned
from the date of such promotion. If he may be found not fit for promotion then
he may be reverted to the post of Sub-Judge-cum-Judicial Magistrate. In any
case till such consideration he shall continue to hold the post presently held by
him as a special case.
c
Subject to the above observation, the appeals are dismissed. The im-
pugned judgment of the High Court dated 17. l l .1994 is maintained. No order
as to the costs.
-- A.Q. Appeals dismissed.